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Southern California Particle Center (SCPC)
EPA Grant Number: R832413Center: Southern California Particle Center
Center Director: Froines, John R.
Title: Southern California Particle Center (SCPC)
Investigators: Froines, John R. , Cho, Arthur K. , Delfino, Ralph , Fine, Philip M. , Fukuto, Jon , Harkema, Jack , Hinds, William C. , Kleinman, Michael T. , Kumigai, Yoshito , Lusis, Aldons , Nel, Andre E. , Neuhausen, Susan , Schauer, James J. , Sioutas, Constantinos , Staimer, Norbert , Stram, Dan , Vaziri, Nostratola
Current Investigators: Froines, John R. , Cho, Arthur K. , Delfino, Ralph , Harkema, Jack , Hinds, William C. , Kleinman, Michael T. , Kumigai, Yoshito , Lusis, Aldons , Nel, Andre E. , Neuhausen, Susan , Schauer, James J. , Shafer, M. M. , Sioutas, Constantinos , Staimer, Norbert , Vaziri, Nostratola
Institution: University of California - Los Angeles , Michigan State University , University of California - Irvine , University of Southern California , University of Tsukuba , University of Wisconsin
Current Institution: Michigan State University , University of California - Irvine , University of California - Los Angeles , University of Southern California , University of Tsukuba , University of Wisconsin
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz/Gail Robarge,
Project Period: October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2010
Project Amount: $7,999,994
RFA: Particulate Matter Research Centers (2004)
Research Category: Particulate Matter
Description:
Objective:The overall objective of the Southern California Particle Center (SCPC) is to investigate the underlying mechanisms that produce the health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM), and to understand how toxic mechanisms and resulting health effects vary with the source, chemical composition and physical characteristics of PM.
Approach:We have assembled a team of highly respected researchers committed to developing a strong multidisciplinary program to address the challenging public health issues posed by PM pollution, with a focus on the unique urban setting of the Los Angeles air basin. Our research projects are united by a hypothesis that chemical composition and physical characteristics related to PM sources determine the toxicity and exposure-response of PM. Variations in exposure according to source, season, and location influence the resulting human health responses. The principal mechanistic hypothesis of the SCPC is that many health effects associated with PM exposure including adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes derive from the induction of oxidative stress by reactive chemical species (organic or inorganic) in PM. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses related to asthma and atherosclerosis are a particular focus. Integral to our toxicological hypothesis is the role of antioxidant defense pathways that protect against the pro-inflammatory effects of PM.
State-of-the-art portable particle concentrator technologies, deployed and refined over the previous five years of the SCPC, will be used for concentration and collection of ambient PM at sites selected to reflect the influence of major PM sources. Particle size distribution, chemical composition and airborne concentrations of resulting samples will be analyzed and coupled with source apportionment studies using chemical mass balance methods. Collected particles will be characterized in an extensive array of in vitro toxicology studies including chemical reactivity studies to investigate redox potential and early biological responses associated with the chemical constituents of PM. Our concentrators will be used to carry out dose-response studies of ambient PM toxicity in normal, sensitized and genetically susceptible animal models of asthma and atherosclerosis, to rigorously investigate biological mechanisms of PM-induced airway and vascular inflammation and disease exacerbation. In a susceptible human population (elderly persons with coronary heart disease), we will examine circulating biomarkers of exposure, oxidative stress, systemic inflammatory responses, and cardiovascular parameters to investigate the hypothesis that oxidative stress is a factor in cardiovascular outcomes associated with PM exposure. Potential modifying factors including genetic polymorphisms will be examined. Data from all projects will be pooled for evaluation of interrelationships between particle data, chemical and toxicological endpoints, and human biomarkers. Joint analysis will produce conclusions from the Center’s research that reach beyond the findings of individual projects.
Expected Results:The research proposed by the SCPC will provide extensive characterization of chemical composition, activity, and toxicological potential of a wide variety of ambient PM, including samples collected at freeways, air and sea ports, indoors and outdoors under varying climatological conditions. Results from the toxicological studies will provide a basis for identifying the important chemical and physical characteristics of PM sources that raise the greatest concern for public health in terms of the potential to induce oxidative stress and related health effects. Our work will examine specific mechanisms involved in induction and exacerbation of asthma and atherosclerosis, leading to a greater understanding of causal pathways along the continuum from particulate source through exposure to response. From a policy setting perspective the exposure-response relationships that emerge from the toxicological and human studies, in relation to a variety of exposure measures including size, chemical composition and chemical reactivity of PM, may be especially relevant. Our panel study of CHD patients and the work with genetically altered murine models will generate insights on the factors controlling susceptibility to PM-induced adverse effects that will prove useful in interpretation of other studies, protection of public health, and the design of future research. The human study provide information on particle sources and characteristics that affect intermediate endpoints in the progression of atherosclerosis and in acute changes in CV function and thrombosis. We also anticipate the development of new biomarkers for use in future studies. Overall, knowledge of the relative reactivity and resulting toxicity of atmospherically processed PM from key sources, and identification of exposure levels associated with specific toxic endpoints and health effects will provide critical input to the development of effective emission reduction strategies, especially in targeting those strategies to result in the greatest benefit to public health.
Journal Articles: 47 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 94 publications | 48 publications in selected types | All 47 journal articles |
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Araujo JA, Barajas B, Kleinman M, Wang X, Bennett BJ, Gong KW, Navab M, Harkema J, Sioutas C, Lusis AJ, Nel AE. Ambient particulate pollutants in the ultrafine range promote atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Circulation Research 2008;102(5):589-596. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Ayres JG, Borm P, Cassee FR, Castranova V, Donaldson K, Ghio A, Harrison RM, Hider R, Kelly F, Kooter IM, Marano F, Maynard RL, Mudway I, Nel A, Sioutas C, Smith S, Baeza-Squiban A, Cho A, Duggan S, Froines J. Evaluating the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles by measuring oxidative stress potential—a workshop report and consensus statement. Inhalation Toxicology 2008;20(1):75-99. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2008) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Biswas S, Ntziachristos L, Moore KF, Sioutas C. Particle volatility in the vicinity of a freeway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(16):3479-3493. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2006) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Chan RC-F, Wang M, Li N, Yanagawa Y, Onoe K, Lee JJ, Nel AE. Pro-oxidative diesel exhaust particle chemicals inhibit LPS-induced dendritic cell responses involved in T-helper differentiation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006;118(2):455-465. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) R827352 (Final) R827352C002 (Final) |
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Chatila TA, Li N, Garcia-Lloret M, Kim H-J, Nel AE. T-cell effector pathways in allergic diseases: transcriptional mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008;121(4):812-823. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Polidori A, Arhami M, Gillen DL, Kleinman MT, Vaziri ND, Longhurst J, Zaldivar F, Sioutas C. Circulating biomarkers of inflammation, antioxidant activity, and platelet activation are associated with primary combustion aerosols in subjects with coronary artery disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(7):898-906. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C004 (2007) R832413C004 (2008) |
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Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Gillen D, Kleinman MT, Sioutas C, Cooper D. Personal and ambient air pollution exposures and lung function decrements in children with asthma. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(4):550-558. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Eiguren-Fernandez A, Avol EL, Thurairatnam S, Hakami M, Froines JR, Miguel AH. Seasonal influence on vapor- and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in school communities located in Southern California. Aerosol Science and Technology 2007;41(4):438-446. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) R827352 (Final) R827352C009 (Final) R827352C013 (Final) |
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Eiguren-Fernandez A, Miguel AH, Lu R, Purvis K, Grant B, Mayo P, Di Stefano E, Cho AK, Froines J. Atmospheric formation of 9,10-phenanthraquinone in the Los Angeles air basin. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(10):2312-2319. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) R827352 (Final) |
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Fruin S, Westerdahl D, Sax T, Sioutas C, Fine PM. Measurements and predictors of on-road ultrafine particle concentrations and associated pollutants in Los Angeles. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(2):207-219. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Gong Jr. H, Linn WS, Clark KW, Anderson KR, Sioutas C, Alexis NE, Cascio WE, Devlin RB. Exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles in Los Angeles. Inhalation Toxicology 2008;20(6):533-545. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R827352 (Final) |
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Gong KW, Zhao W, Li N, Barajas B, Kleinman M, Sioutas C, Horvath S, Lusis AJ, Nel A, Araujo JA. Air-pollutant chemicals and oxidized lipids exhibit genome-wide synergistic effects on endothelial cells. Genome Biology 2007;8(7):R149. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Hu S, Polidori A, Arhami M, Schafer MM, Schauer JJ, Cho A, Sioutas C. Redox activity and chemical speciation of size fractioned PM in the communities of the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2008;8(3):11643-11672. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Inoue K-I, Takano H, Ichinose T, Tomura S, Yanagisawa R, Sakurai M, Sumi D, Cho AK, Hiyoshi K, Kumagai Y. Effects of naphthoquinone on airway responsiveness in the presence or absence of antigen in mice. Archives of Toxicology 2007;81(8):575-581. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Iwamoto N, Sumi D, Ishii T, Uchida K, Cho AK, Froines JR, Kumagai Y. Chemical knockdown of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B by 1,2-naphthoquinone through covalent modification causes persistent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007;282(46):33396-33404. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Kleinman MT, Sioutas C, Froines JR, Fanning E, Hamade A, Mendez L, Meacher D, Oldham M. Inhalation of concentrated ambient particulate matter near a heavily trafficked road stimulates antigen-induced airway responses in mice. Inhalation Toxicology 2007;19(Suppl 1):117-126. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R827352 (Final) |
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Kleinman MT, Araujo JA, Nel A, Sioutas C, Campbell A, Cong PQ, Li H, Bondy SC. Inhaled ultrafine particulate matter affects CNS inflammatory processes and may act via MAP kinase signaling pathways. Toxicology Letters 2008;178(2):127-130. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Krudysz MA, Froines JR, Fine PM, Sioutas C. Intra-community spatial variation of size-fractionated PM mass, OC, EC, and trace elements in the Long Beach, CA area. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(21):5374-5389. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C003 (2007) R832157 (2007) |
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Krudysz M, Moore K, Geller M, Sioutas C, Froines J. Intra-community spatial variability of particulate matter size distributions in southern California/Los Angeles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2008;8(3):9641-9672. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Li N, Nel AE. The cellular impacts of diesel exhaust particles: beyond inflammation and death. European Respiratory Journal 2006;27(4):667-668. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2006) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Li N, Xia T, Nel AE. The role of oxidative stress in ambient particulate matter-induced lung diseases and its implications in the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2008;44(9):1689-1699. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Majestic BJ, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Fine PM, Singh M, Sioutas C. Trace metal analysis of atmospheric particulate matter:a comparison of personal and ambient samplers. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 2008;7(4):289-298. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Moore KF, Ning Z, Ntziachristos L, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Daily variation in the properties of urban ultrafine aerosol—Part I: Physical characterization and volatility. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(38):8633-8646. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ning Z, Moore KF, Polidori A, Sioutas C. Field validation of the new miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES). Aerosol Science and Technology 2006;40(12):1098-1110. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ning Z, Geller MD, Moore KF, Sheesley R, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Daily variation in chemical characteristics of urban ultrafine aerosols and inference of their sources. Environmental Science & Technology 2007;41(17):6000-6006. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ning Z, Polidori A, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Emission factors of PM species based on freeway measurements and comparison with tunnel and dynamometer studies. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3099-3114. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Froines JR, Cho AK, Sioutas C. Relationship between redox activity and chemical speciation of size-fractionated particulate matter. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2007;4:5. |
R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Polidori A, Phuleria H, Geller MD, Sioutas C. Application of a diffusion charger for the measurement of particle surface concentration in different environments. Aerosol Science and Technology 2007;41(6):571-580. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2006) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Ning Z, Geller MD, Sheesley RJ, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Fine, ultrafine and nanoparticle trace element compositions near a major freeway with a high heavy-duty diesel fraction. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(27):5684-5696. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Ning Z, Geller MD, Sioutas C. Particle concentration and characteristics near a major freeway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Environmental Science & Technology 2007;41(7):2223-2230. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2006) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Froines JR, Cho AK, Sioutas C. Relationship between redox activity and chemical speciation of size-fractionated particulate matter. Particle & Fibre Toxicology 2007;4(June):5. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) |
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Phuleria HC, Sheesley RJ, Schauer JJ, Fine PM, Sioutas C. Roadside measurements of size-segregated particulate organic compounds near gasoline and diesel-dominated freeways in Los Angeles, CA. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(22):4653-4671. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Polidori A, Arhami M, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ, Allen R. Indoor/outdoor relationships, trends, and carbonaceous content of fine particulate matter in retirement homes of the Los Angeles Basin. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007;57(3):366-379. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Polidori A, Arhami M, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ,Allen R. Indoor/outdoor relationships, trends, and carbonaceous content of fine particulate matter in retirement homes of the Los Angeles Basin. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007;57(3):366–379. |
R832413C001 (2007) |
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Polidori A, Hu S, Biswas S, Delfino RJ, Sioutas C. Real-time characterization of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient aerosols and from motor-vehicle exhaust. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2008;8(5):1277-1291. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Shinyashiki M, Rodriguez CE, Di Stefano EW, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ, Kumagai Y, Froines JR, Cho AK. On the interaction between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and airborne particles: evidence for electrophilic species. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(3):517-529. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Sillanpaa M, Geller MD, Phuleria HC, Sioutas C. High collection efficiency electrostatic precipitator for in vitro cell exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter (PM). Journal of Aerosol Science 2008;39(4):335-347. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Taguchi K, Shimada M, Fujii S, Sumi D, Pan X, Yamano S, Nishiyama T, Hiratsuka A, Yamamoto M, Cho AK, Froines JR, Kumagai Y. Redox cycling of 9,10-phenanthraquinone to cause oxidative stress is terminated through its monoglucuronide conjugation in human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2008;44(8):1645-1655. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Westerdahl D, Fruin SA, Fine PL, Sioutas C. The Los Angeles International Airport as a source of ultrafine particles and other pollutants to nearby communities. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3143–3155. |
R832413C001 (2008) |
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Westerdahl D, Fruin SA, Fine PL, Sioutas C. The Los Angeles International Airport as a source of ultrafine particles and other pollutants to nearby communities. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3143-3155. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R831861 (2005) |
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Wold LE, Simkhovich BZ, Kleinman MT, Nordlie MA, Dow JS, Sioutas C, Kloner RA. In vivo and in vitro models to test the hypothesis of particle-induced effects on cardiac function and arrhythmias. Cardiovascular Toxicology 2006;6(1):69-78. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R827352 (Final) |
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Xia T, Kovochich M, Brant J, Hotze M, Sempf J, Oberley T, Sioutas C, Yeh JI, Wiesner MR, Nel AE. Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Letters 2006;6(8):1794-1807. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2006) R832413C002 (2008) R827352 (Final) R827352C002 (Final) R827352C014 (Final) |
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Xia T, Kovochich M, Nel A. The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in mediating particulate matter injury. Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;5(4):817-836. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Xia T, Kovochich M, Nel AE. Impairment of mitochondrial function by particulate matter (PM) and their toxic components: implications for PM-induced cardiovascular and lung disease. Frontiers in Bioscience 2007;12(3):1238-1246. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Yacobi NR, Phuleria HC, Demaio L, Liang CH, Peng C-A, Sioutas C, Borok Z, Kim K-J, Crandall ED. Nanoparticle effects on rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayer barrier properties. Toxicology in Vitro 2007;21(8):1373-1381. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Zhu Y, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Hinds WC, Miguel AH. In-cabin commuter exposure to ultrafine particles on Los Angeles freeways. Environmental Science & Technology 2007;41(7):2138-2145. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C005 (2007) R832413C005 (2008) R827352 (Final) |
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Zhu Y, Fung DC, Kennedy N, Hinds WC, Eiguren-Fernandez A. Measurements of ultrafine particles and other vehicular pollutants inside a mobile exposure system on Los Angeles freeways. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2008;58(3):424-434. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C005 (2007) R832413C005 (2008) |
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Airborne particulate matter, ambient air, sources, Southern California, Los Angeles Basin, exposure assessment, oxidative stress, source-receptor, ultrafine, fine, coarse, organics, quinones,
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Air, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, Risk Assessments, Health Risk Assessment, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, respiratory impact, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular vulnerability, chemical characteristics, cardiotoxicity, chemical composition, cardiopulmonary responses, human health risk, oxidative stress, human health effects, toxicology, ambient particle health effects, biological mechanism , airborne particulate matter, human exposure, PM, animal model
Progress and Final Reports:
2006 Progress Report
2007 Progress Report
2008 Progress Report
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R832413C001 Contribution of Primary and Secondary PM Sources to Exposure & Evaluation of Their Relative Toxicity
R832413C002 Project 2: The Role of Oxidative Stress in PM-induced Adverse Health Effects
R832413C003 The Chemical Properties of PM and their Toxicological Implications
R832413C004 Oxidative Stress Responses to PM Exposure in Elderly Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease
R832413C005 Ultrafine Particles on and Near Freeways