Table 42-1. Total compensation, percentage distribution of full-time instructional faculty, average salary, and fringe benefits at degree-granting institutions, by selected characteristics: Selected academic years 1979–80 to 2006–07
|
[In constant 2006–07 dollars] |
|
|
1979–80
|
|
1989–90
|
|
1999–2000
|
|
2006–07
|
|
Percent change
|
Compensation, salary, and benefit1 |
Percent |
Average |
|
Percent |
Average |
|
Percent |
Average |
|
Percent |
Average |
|
1979–80 to 2006–07 |
1999–2000 to 2006–07 |
|
Total compensation |
100.0 |
$68,800 |
|
100.0 |
$79,400 |
|
100.0 |
$84,700 |
|
100.0 |
$88,100 |
|
28.1 |
4.1 |
Salary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All faculty |
100.0 |
57,800 |
|
100.0 |
66,000 |
|
100.0 |
68,700 |
|
100.0 |
69,500 |
|
20.2 |
1.2 |
Professor |
26.0 |
77,200 |
|
30.7 |
87,400 |
|
30.2 |
92,400 |
|
26.6 |
97,100 |
|
25.9 |
5.1 |
Associate professor |
24.9 |
58,100 |
|
24.0 |
65,300 |
|
23.2 |
67,800 |
|
21.6 |
69,900 |
|
20.4 |
3.2 |
Assistant professor |
25.4 |
47,300 |
|
23.2 |
53,900 |
|
22.1 |
56,000 |
|
23.2 |
58,600 |
|
24.0 |
4.7 |
Instructor |
7.6 |
38,000 |
|
5.6 |
41,300 |
|
6.0 |
43,800 |
|
16.1 |
52,400 |
|
38.0 |
19.7 |
Lecturer |
1.4 |
44,200 |
|
1.9 |
48,500 |
|
2.6 |
47,400 |
|
4.5 |
51,200 |
|
15.9 |
8.1 |
No rank |
14.7 |
53,000 |
|
14.6 |
52,900 |
|
15.9 |
55,600 |
|
8.1 |
52,700 |
|
-0.4 |
-5.1 |
All institutions2 |
100.0 |
57,800 |
|
100.0 |
66,000 |
|
100.0 |
68,700 |
|
100.0 |
69,500 |
|
20.2 |
1.2 |
Public doctoral universities |
28.3 |
64,900 |
|
30.6 |
75,300 |
|
28.3 |
79,700 |
|
28.4 |
79,800 |
|
23.0 |
0.1 |
Private doctoral universities |
8.0 |
66,700 |
|
10.3 |
80,700 |
|
10.1 |
89,900 |
|
11.8 |
91,300 |
|
36.9 |
1.5 |
Public master’s colleges/universities |
22.8 |
57,800 |
|
18.7 |
65,400 |
|
17.8 |
64,700 |
|
16.2 |
63,600 |
|
10.1 |
-1.8 |
Private master’s colleges/universities |
7.5 |
52,000 |
|
9.4 |
57,900 |
|
10.8 |
62,000 |
|
10.9 |
62,100 |
|
19.4 |
0.1 |
Public other 4-year colleges |
2.7 |
53,900 |
|
2.4 |
61,600 |
|
2.4 |
58,900 |
|
3.1 |
68,400 |
|
26.8 |
16.1 |
Private other 4-year colleges |
8.9 |
45,900 |
|
8.3 |
52,500 |
|
7.9 |
56,900 |
|
7.7 |
58,200 |
|
26.7 |
2.2 |
Public 2-year colleges |
21.1 |
53,500 |
|
19.6 |
55,400 |
|
21.0 |
58,300 |
|
20.2 |
57,800 |
|
8.0 |
-1.0 |
Private 2-year colleges |
0.8 |
35,900 |
|
0.7 |
41,800 |
|
1.7 |
40,300 |
|
1.7 |
41,800 |
|
16.5 |
3.9 |
|
Fringe benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All institutions |
100.0 |
11,000 |
|
100.0 |
13,500 |
|
100.0 |
16,000 |
|
100.0 |
18,600 |
|
69.3 |
16.6 |
Public doctoral universities |
28.3 |
11,900 |
|
30.6 |
16,100 |
|
28.3 |
17,900 |
|
28.4 |
20,400 |
|
72.2 |
13.8 |
Private doctoral universities |
8.0 |
12,600 |
|
10.3 |
15,900 |
|
10.1 |
21,800 |
|
11.8 |
24,000 |
|
90.5 |
10.1 |
Public master’s colleges/universities |
22.8 |
11,700 |
|
18.7 |
14,500 |
|
17.8 |
15,200 |
|
16.2 |
18,100 |
|
54.1 |
19.1 |
Private master’s colleges/universities |
7.5 |
9,700 |
|
9.4 |
11,900 |
|
10.8 |
15,000 |
|
10.9 |
16,700 |
|
71.4 |
11.0 |
Public other 4-year colleges |
2.7 |
10,200 |
|
2.4 |
10,800 |
|
2.4 |
13,400 |
|
3.1 |
18,400 |
|
79.9 |
37.0 |
Private other 4-year colleges |
8.9 |
8,800 |
|
8.3 |
9,900 |
|
7.9 |
14,100 |
|
7.7 |
15,800 |
|
80.1 |
12.1 |
Public 2-year colleges |
21.1 |
10,100 |
|
19.6 |
9,900 |
|
21.0 |
13,300 |
|
20.2 |
16,400 |
|
62.6 |
23.3 |
Private 2-year colleges |
0.8 |
6,500 |
|
0.7 |
6,300 |
|
1.7 |
7,900 |
|
1.7 |
8,000 |
|
22.1 |
1.1 |
|
Total compensation |
100.0 |
$26,200 |
|
100.0 |
$49,400 |
|
100.0 |
$70,200 |
|
100.0 |
$88,100 |
|
236.8 |
25.5 |
Salary |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All faculty |
100.0 |
22,000 |
|
100.0 |
41,000 |
|
100.0 |
57,000 |
|
100.0 |
69,500 |
|
216.1 |
22.0 |
Professor |
26.0 |
29,300 |
|
30.7 |
54,400 |
|
30.2 |
76,700 |
|
26.6 |
97,100 |
|
231.0 |
26.7 |
Associate professor |
24.9 |
22,100 |
|
24.0 |
40,600 |
|
23.2 |
56,200 |
|
21.6 |
69,900 |
|
216.6 |
24.5 |
Assistant professor |
25.4 |
18,000 |
|
23.2 |
33,500 |
|
22.1 |
46,400 |
|
23.2 |
58,600 |
|
226.2 |
26.2 |
Instructor |
7.6 |
14,400 |
|
5.6 |
25,700 |
|
6.0 |
36,300 |
|
16.1 |
52,400 |
|
262.9 |
44.3 |
Lecturer |
1.4 |
16,800 |
|
1.9 |
30,100 |
|
2.6 |
39,300 |
|
4.5 |
51,200 |
|
204.8 |
30.4 |
No rank |
14.7 |
20,100 |
|
14.6 |
32,900 |
|
15.9 |
46,100 |
|
8.1 |
52,700 |
|
161.8 |
14.4 |
All institutions2 |
100.0 |
22,000 |
|
100.0 |
41,000 |
|
100.0 |
57,000 |
|
100.0 |
69,500 |
|
216.1 |
22.0 |
Public doctoral universities |
28.3 |
24,700 |
|
30.6 |
46,800 |
|
28.3 |
66,100 |
|
28.4 |
79,800 |
|
223.6 |
20.7 |
Private doctoral universities |
8.0 |
25,400 |
|
10.3 |
50,200 |
|
10.1 |
74,600 |
|
11.8 |
91,300 |
|
259.9 |
22.4 |
Public master’s colleges/universities |
22.8 |
22,000 |
|
18.7 |
40,700 |
|
17.8 |
53,700 |
|
16.2 |
63,600 |
|
189.5 |
18.4 |
Private master’s colleges/universities |
7.5 |
19,800 |
|
9.4 |
36,000 |
|
10.8 |
51,400 |
|
10.9 |
62,100 |
|
214.0 |
20.7 |
Public other 4-year colleges |
2.7 |
20,500 |
|
2.4 |
38,300 |
|
2.4 |
48,900 |
|
3.1 |
68,400 |
|
233.5 |
40.0 |
Private other 4-year colleges |
8.9 |
17,500 |
|
8.3 |
32,700 |
|
7.9 |
47,200 |
|
7.7 |
58,200 |
|
233.2 |
23.2 |
Public 2-year colleges |
21.1 |
20,300 |
|
19.6 |
34,500 |
|
21.0 |
48,400 |
|
20.2 |
57,800 |
|
184.0 |
19.4 |
Private 2-year colleges |
0.8 |
13,600 |
|
0.7 |
26,000 |
|
1.7 |
33,400 |
|
1.7 |
41,800 |
|
206.5 |
25.3 |
|
Fringe benefits |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All institutions |
100.0 |
4,200 |
|
100.0 |
8,400 |
|
100.0 |
13,200 |
|
100.0 |
18,600 |
|
345.3 |
40.6 |
Public doctoral universities |
28.3 |
4,500 |
|
30.6 |
10,000 |
|
28.3 |
14,900 |
|
28.4 |
20,400 |
|
352.8 |
37.3 |
Private doctoral universities |
8.0 |
4,800 |
|
10.3 |
9,900 |
|
10.1 |
18,100 |
|
11.8 |
24,000 |
|
400.8 |
32.8 |
Public master’s colleges/universities |
22.8 |
4,500 |
|
18.7 |
9,000 |
|
17.8 |
12,600 |
|
16.2 |
18,100 |
|
305.1 |
43.7 |
Private master’s colleges/universities |
7.5 |
3,700 |
|
9.4 |
7,400 |
|
10.8 |
12,400 |
|
10.9 |
16,700 |
|
350.8 |
33.9 |
Public other 4-year colleges |
2.7 |
3,900 |
|
2.4 |
6,700 |
|
2.4 |
11,100 |
|
3.1 |
18,400 |
|
373.0 |
65.2 |
Private other 4-year colleges |
8.9 |
3,300 |
|
8.3 |
6,200 |
|
7.9 |
11,700 |
|
7.7 |
15,800 |
|
373.7 |
35.2 |
Public 2-year colleges |
21.1 |
3,800 |
|
19.6 |
6,200 |
|
21.0 |
11,000 |
|
20.2 |
16,400 |
|
327.6 |
48.7 |
Private 2-year colleges |
0.8 |
2,500 |
|
0.7 |
3,900 |
|
1.7 |
6,600 |
|
1.7 |
8,000 |
|
221.2 |
21.9 |
|
1 Total compensation is the sum of salary and fringe benefits. Salary does not include outside income. Fringe benefits may include, for example, retirement plans, medical/dental plans, group life insurance, or other benefits.
|
2 Institutions in this indicator are classified based on the number of highest degrees awarded. For example, institutions that award 20 or more doctoral degrees per year are classified as doctoral universities. See supplemental note 9 for more information about Classification of Postsecondary Education Institutions.
|
NOTE: Full-time instructional faculty on less-than-9-month contracts were excluded. In 2006–07, there were about 3,600 of these faculty, accounting for less than 1 percent of all full-time instructional faculty at degree-granting institutions. Salaries reflect an average of all faculty on 9- through 12-month contracts, rather than a weighted average based on contract length that appears in some other NCES reports. Salaries, benefits, and compensation adjusted by the Consumer Price Index (CPI) to constant 2006–07 dollars. Percentages based on unrounded numbers. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. See supplemental note 11 for more information about the CPI. See supplemental note 3 for more information about the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS).
|
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, 1979–80 Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), “Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits Survey”; and 1989–90, 1999–2000, and 2006–07 Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, “Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty Survey” (IPEDS-SA:89–99), “Completions Survey” (IPEDS-C:89–99), Fall 2006, and Winter 2006–07.
|
|