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Solid State Spectroscopy

Photo of two rectangular crystals.

Using a III-V bicrystal, NREL physicists can refract light normally (positive refraction—bottom) or abnormally (negative refraction—top), depending on the angle of the incident light.

Researchers in the Solid State Spectroscopy Group are working to improve the quality and performance of a variety of materials key to our nation's renewable energy future. By studying and manipulating materials at the atomic level, we are able to provide scientists in all fields of renewable energy research with a more thorough understanding of the electronic properties of solid-state materials.

We study the electronic properties of the materials used in photovoltaic systems, electrochromic or "smart" windows, high-temperature superconductors, and advanced, solid-state batteries. Fundamental goals of this research are to gain a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that limit the performance of PV materials and synthesize new material architectures for improved PV performance.

Capabilities of our Solid State Spectroscopy laboratory include: ultrafast spectroscopy, near-field scanning optical microscopy, high-resolution continuous-wave spectroscopy, reflection/absorption spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. Pairing the ultrafast laser with the near-field scanning optical microscope allows optical imaging with spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit. The microscope enables the study of material on the submicron level to pinpoint the actual location of problems (such as crystal defects) that hinder material quality. The ultrafast laser freezes motion on an ultrafast time scale and lets us look at light pulses one ten-trillionth of a second in duration. To put this in perspective, light only travels 30 microns in the length of time this apparatus can freeze.

A recent achievement involved the negative refraction of light—bending light the "wrong way." Our physicists were the first in the world to do this using natural materials. Also, we showed that light could be refracted without losing energy or intensity (due to reflection). This new and fundamental discovery has possible uses in imaging, lens technology, data storage, semiconductor technology, and more.

For staff profiles, publications, and contact information, see Solid State Spectroscopy Research staff.