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Annotated List of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDC) November 1996 |
AcknowledgmentsPrepared by Mary V. Burke, Research and Development Statistics (RDS) Program,
Division of Science Resources Studies, National Science Foundation, Arlington, VA 22230.
Overall direction was provided by John J. Jankowski, Jr., Program Director, RDS.
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Links to the most current reports in the Federally Funded Research and Development Centers series are available on the publication series page.
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General Notes
Master
Government List of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, FY
1997, by Sponsoring Agencies
Geographic
Location of FFRDCs
Categories
of Activities of FFRDCs
Descriptions
of Individual FFRDCs
Aerospace Federally Funded Research and Development Center
Decertifications,
Closures and Renaming of FFRDCs, 1968-96
General
Notes
Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) have evolved from research facilities established to meet the special needs of World War II. Until 1967 the centers were called "Federal Contract Research Centers." In that year the Federal Council for Science and Technology (FCST) set criteria for the newly-named "Federally Funded Research and Development Centers." The FCST Memorandum of November 1, 1967 included:
General Guidelines
In general, all of the following criteria should be met by an institutional unit before it is to be included in the category "Federally Funded Research and Development Center."
(a) Primary activities include one or more of the following: basic research, applied research, development, or management of R&D; specifically excluded are organizations engaged primarily in: routine quality control and testing, routine service activities, production, mapping and surveys, and information dissemination.(b) Constitute a separate organizational unit within the parent organization or is organized as a separately incorporated organization.
(c) Performs actual R&D or R&D management either upon direct request of the Government or under a broad charter from the Government, but in either case under the direct monitorship of the Government.
(d) Receives its major financial support (70% or more) from the Federal Government, usually from one agency.
(e) Has or is expected to have a long-term relationship with its sponsoring agency (about five years or more), as evidenced by the specific obligations it and the agency assume. [1]
(f) Most or all of the facilities are owned or funded for in the contract by the Government.
(g) Has an average annual budget (operating and capital equipment) of at least $500,000. [2]
In 1984 the Office of Federal Procurement Policy amended the criteria to read as follows:
5.c. Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC).
(1) FFRDCs do not have a prescribed organizational structure. They can range from the traditional contractor-owned/contractor-operated or Government-owned/contractor-operated (GOCO) organizational structures to various degrees of contractor/Government control and ownership. In general, however, all of the following criteria should be met before an activity is identified as an FFRDC:(a) Performs, analyzes, integrates, supports (non-financial) and/or manages basic research, applied research, and/or development. (Activities primarily engaged in routine quality control and testing, routine service activities, production, mapping, and surveys, and information dissemination, even though otherwise meeting the requirements of paragraph 5.c., are specifically excluded from FFRDC designation.)
(b) Performance of the functions in 5.c.(1)(a) is either upon the direct request of the Government or under a broad charter from the Government, but in either case the results are directly monitored by the Government. However, the monitoring shall not be such as to create a personal services relationship, or to cause disruptions that are detrimental to the productivity and/or quality of the FFRDC's work.
(c) The majority of the activity's financial support (70% or more) is received from the Government with a single agency usually predominating in that financial support.
(d) In general, most or all of the facilities are owned by the Government or funded, under contract, by the Government.
(e) The activity is operated, managed and/or administered by either a university or consortium of universities, other nonprofit organization or industrial firm as an autonomous organization or as an identifiable separate operating unit of a parent organization.
(f) A long term relationship evidenced by specific agreement exists or is expected to exist between the operator, manager, or administrator of the activity and its primary sponsor.
(2) In addition to the above criteria, the relationship between the activity and the Government should exhibit the following characteristics in order to qualify for FFRDC identification:
(a) The activity (organization and/or facilities) is brought into existence at the initiative of a Government agency or bureau to meet some special research or development need which, at the time, cannot be met as effectively by existing in-house or contractor resources.
(b) Work from other than a sponsoring agency is undertaken only to the extent permitted by the sponsoring agency and in accordance with the procedures of the sponsoring agency.
(c) The activity, whether the operator of its own or a Government-owned facility, has access, beyond that which is common to the normal contractual relationship, to Government and/or supplier data, employees, and facilities needed to discharge its responsibilities efficiently and effectively, whether the data is sensitive/proprietary or not.
(d) The primary sponsor undertakes the responsibility to assure a reasonable continuity in the level of support to the activity consistent with the agency's need for the activity and the terms of the sponsoring agreement.
(e) The activity is required to conduct its business in a responsible manner befitting its special relationship with the Government, to operate in the public interest free from organizational conflict of interest, and to disclose its affairs (as an FFRDC) to the primary sponsor. [3]
In 1990 additional Federal Acquisition Regulations criteria for FFRDCs were published in the Federal Register:
35.017 (a)
(2) An FFRDC meets some special long-term research or development need which cannot be met as effectively by existing in-house or contractor resources. FFRDC's enable agencies to use private sector resources to accomplish tasks that are integral to the mission and operation of the sponsoring agency. An FFRDC, in order to discharge its responsibilities to the sponsoring agency, has access, beyond that which is common to the normal contractual relationship, to Government and supplier data, including sensitive and proprietary data, and to employees and facilities. The FFRDC is required to conduct its business in a manner befitting its special relationship with the Government, to operate in the public interest with objectivity and independence, to be free from organizational conflicts of interest, and to have full disclosure of its affairs to the sponsoring agency. It is not the Government's intent that an FFRDC use its privileged information or access to facilities to compete with the private sector. However, an FFRDC may perform work for other than the sponsoring agency under the Economy Act, or other applicable legislation, when the work is not otherwise available from the private sector.
(3) FFRDC's are operated, managed, and/or administered by either a university or consortium of universities, other not-for-profit or nonprofit organization, or an industrial firm, as an autonomous organization or as an identifiable separate operating unit of a parent organization.
(4) Long-term relationships between the Government and FFRDC's are encouraged in order to provide the continuity that will attract high-quality personnel to the FFRDC. This relationship should be of a type to encourage the FFRDC to maintain currency in its field(s) of expertise, maintain its objectivity and independence, preserve its familiarity with the needs of its sponsor(s), and provide a quick response capability. [4]
Several National Science Foundation (NSF) publications report funding or expenditures data for FFRDCs. These include the following annual series: Academic Science and Engineering: R&D Expenditures; Federal Funds for Research and Development; Federal Support to Universities, Colleges, and Nonprofit Institutions; and Research and Development in Industry. To meet the needs of these publications, since the 1950's NSF has maintained a list of Federal Contract Research Centers and since 1967, of FFRDCs.
In 1990 NSF was given new responsibilities as recorded in the Federal Register:
"35.017-6 Master list of FFRDC's.
The National Science Foundation (NSF) maintains a list of FFRDC's. Primary sponsors will provide information on each FFRDC, including sponsoring agreements, mission statements, funding data, and type of R&D being performed, to the NSF upon its request for such information." [5]
Thus, NSF maintains the Master Government List of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers but does not decide which organizations meet the FFRDC criteria. Rather, NSF adds each FFRDC to the list when the head of the sponsoring agency notifies NSF in writing that he or she has approved a new FFRDC. [6]
As keeper of the Master Government List of FFRDCs, NSF receives many questions from the public and other agencies about the FFRDCs. This list, "Annotated List of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers," has been prepared to help the public understand the work of FFRDCs; to stimulate participation in technology transfer programs; and to provide Federal agencies with information to administer programs that involve FFRDCs. Among the current programs are the Small Business Administration’s Small Business Technology Transfer Program, the Department of Commerce/National Institute of Standards and Technology’s Advanced Technology Program, the Department of Defense’s Joint Dual Use Program, the Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Technology Initiative, and the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980. Additional information on these programs are available from the National Science Foundation’s Science & Engineering Indicators 1996, Chapter 4, the General Accounting Office’s Federal Research: Preliminary Information on the Small Business Technology Transfer Program, and the Department of Energy’s Strategic Laboratory Missions Plan-Phase I, July 1996.
Not all FFRDCs are currently participating in all the above-named programs. For instance, among the Department of Defense (DOD) FFRDCs, only two (Software Engineering Institute and Lincoln Laboratory), are approved research partners for DOD STTR awardees.
This "Annotated List of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers" was prepared from the wording in individual FFRDCs’ contracts, sponsoring agreements, cooperative agreements, mission statements, memoranda of agreement, statements of work, designations as FFRDCs and Home Pages. All FFRDCs now maintain Home Page sites on the World Wide Web and users of the Annotated List of FFRDCs should use the embedded HOTLINKS to these sites for up-to-date information, addresses, phone numbers, etc..
The National Science Foundation is often asked for financial data concerning the FFRDCs. There is no one complete source for such data. Researchers should access each of the FFRDCs Home Pages to see what data are provided. Data on one part of the FFRDCs funding are collected by NSF. These data items are Federal obligations for research and development and for R&D plant. They are published in the annual series, Federal Funds for Research and Development.
FOOTNOTES
[1] In practice, agencies review their need for each FFRDC at least once every five years. The period of performance for FFRDC contracts ranges from one to five years.
[2] Donald F. Hornig, "Memorandum to Members of Federal Council for Science and Technology, Subject: Federally Funded Research and Development Centers" (Washington, D.C.: unpublished memorandum from the Federal Council for Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President, November 1, 1967).
[3] Donald E. Sowle, "OFPP Policy Letter 84-1 to the Heads of Executive Departments and Establishments, Subject: Federally Funded Research and Development Centers" (Washington, D.C.: letter from the Executive Office of the President, Office of Management and Budget, Office of Federal Procurement Policy, April 4, 1984).
[4] National Archives and Records Administration, Office of the Federal Register, Federal Register, vol. 55, no. 24, February 5, 1990, p. 3885.
[5] Ibid., p. 3886.
[6] Ibid.
Master
Government List of Federally-Funded Research and Development Centers Fiscal
Year 1997
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:
Institute for Defense Analyses Studies and Analyses FFRDC (Institute for Defense Analyses), Alexandria, VALogistics Management Institute (Logistics Management Institute) McLean, VA
National Defense Research Institute (RAND Corp. [2]), Santa Monica, CA
C3I Federally Funded Research & Development Center (Mitre Corp. [3]), Bedford, MA and McLean, VA
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
Administered by universities and colleges [4]:Software Engineering Institute (Carnegie Mellon University), Pittsburgh, PA
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:Institute for Defense Analyses Communications and Computing Federally Funded Research and Development Center [6] (Institute for Defense Analyses), Alexandria, VA
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:Center for Naval Analyses (The CNA Corporation), Alexandria, VA
Administered by universities and colleges [4]:Lincoln Laboratory (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Lexington, MA
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:
Aerospace Federally Funded Research and Development Center (The Aerospace Corporation), El Segundo, CA
Project Air Force (RAND Corp. [2]), Santa Monica, CA
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:Arroyo Center (RAND Corp. [2]), Santa Monica, CA
Administered by industrial firms:Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (Lockheed Martin Idaho Technologies Company), Idaho Falls, ID
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp.), Oak Ridge, TN
Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia Corporation which is a subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corp.), Albuquerque, NM
Savannah River Technology Center (Westinghouse Savannah River Co.), Aiken, SC
Administered by universities and colleges [4]:Ames Laboratory (Iowa State University of Science and Technology), Ames, IA
Argonne National Laboratory (University of Chicago), Argonne, IL
Brookhaven National Laboratory (Associated Universities, Inc.), Upton, Long Island, NY
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (University of California), Berkeley, CA
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Universities Research Association, Inc.), Batavia, IL
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (University of California), Livermore, CA
Los Alamos National Laboratory (University of California), Los Alamos, NM
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Inc.), Oak Ridge, TN
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (Princeton University), Princeton, NJ
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (Leland Stanford, Jr., University), Stanford, CA
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Southeastern Universities Research Association, Inc.), Newport News, VA
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Midwest Research Institute), Golden, CO
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (Battelle Memorial Institute), Richland, WA
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
National Institutes of HealthAdministered by industrial firms:
NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (Science Applications International Corp.; Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc.; Charles River Laboratories, Inc.; Data Management Services, Inc.), Frederick, MD
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Administered by universities and colleges [4]:Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology), Pasadena, CA
Administered by universities and colleges [4]:National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (Cornell University), Arecibo, PR
National Center for Atmospheric Research (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research), Boulder, CONational Optical Astronomy Observatories (Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.), Tucson, AZ
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (Associated Universities, Inc.), Green Bank, WV
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:
Critical Technologies Institute (RAND Corp. [2]), Washington, D.C.
Administered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (Southwest Research Institute), San Antonio, TX
Federal Aviation AdministrationAdministered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:
Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (Mitre Corp. [3]), McLean, VA
Internal Revenue ServiceAdministered by other nonprofit institutions [1]:
Tax Systems Modernization Institute (IIT Research Institute), Lanham, MD
NOTES
[1] That is, other than universities and colleges.
[2] The RAND Corporation administers four FFRDCs: Project Air Force, National Defense Research Institute (formerly Defense/Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff), the Arroyo Center and the Critical Technologies Institute. All other agency R&D support to RAND is reported in official Government statistics under "other nonprofit institutions excluding FFRDCs."
[3] The MITRE Corporation administers two FFRDCs: the C3I Federally Funded Research & Development Center and the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development. All other agency R&D support to MITRE is reported in official Government statistics under "other nonprofit institutions excluding FFRDCs."
[4] Includes university consortia.
[5] Although the Institute for Defense Analyses Communications and Computing FFRDC has been in existence since 1956, the Department of Defense added it to the Master Government List of FFRDCs for the first time in October 1995.
[6] The Department of Energy removed from the Master Government List of FFRDCs: the Energy Technology Engineering Center in November 1995; and the Inhalation Toxicology Research Institute in May 1996.
Geographic
Location of FFRDCs
Arizona
National Optical Astronomy Observatories
California
Aerospace Federally funded Research and Development Center
Arroyo Center
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
National Defense Research Institute
Project Air Force
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Colorado
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Renewable Energy Laboratory
District of Columbia
Critical Technologies Institute
Idaho
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
Illinois
Argonne National Laboratory
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Iowa
Ames Laboratory
Maryland
NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center
Tax Systems Modernization Institute
Massachusetts
C3I Federally Funded Research & Development Center (also in Virginia)
Lincoln Laboratory
New Jersey
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
New Mexico
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Sandia National Laboratories
New York
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Pennsylvania
Software Engineering Institute
Puerto Rico
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center
South Carolina
Savannah River Technology Center
Tennessee
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Texas
Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses
Virginia
C31 Federally Funded Research & Development Center (also in Massachusetts)
Center for Advanced Aviation System Development
Center for Naval Analyses
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Institute for Defense Analyses Systems and Analyses FFRDC
Institute for Defense Analyses Communications and Computing FFRDC
Logistics Management Institute
Washington
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
West Virginia
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Categories
of Activities of FFRDCs
Research and Development Laboratories
Ames Laboratory
Argonne National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Center for Advanced Aviation System Development
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
Institute for Defense Analyses Communications and Computing Federally Funded Research and Development CenterJet Propulsion Laboratory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Lincoln Laboratory
Los Alamos National Scientific Laboratory
NCI Frederick Cancer Research and DevelopmentCenter
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center
National Center for Atmospheric Research
National Optical Astronomy Observatories
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Pacific Northwest Laboratories
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Sandia National Laboratory
Savannah River Technology Center
Software Engineering Institute
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility
Study and Analysis Centers
Arroyo Center
Center for Naval Analyses
Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses
Critical Technologies Institute
Institute for Defense Analyses Studies and Analysis FFRDC
Logistics Management Institute
National Defense Research Institute
Project Air Force
Systems Engineering and Integration Centers
Aerospace Corporation
C3I Federally Funded Research & Development Center
Tax Systems Modernization Institute
NOTE: The following Department of Defense definitions were used to classify the centers:
Research and development laboratories fill voids where in-house and private sector research and development centers are unable to meet agency core area needs. Specific objectives for these FFRDCs are to: (1) maintain over the long-term a competency in technology areas where the Government cannot rely on in-house or private sector capabilities, and (2) develop and transfer important new technology to the private sector so the Government can benefit from a wider, broader base of expertise. R&D laboratories engage in research programs that emphasize the evolution and demonstration of advanced concepts and technology, and the transfer or transition of technology.
Study and analysis centers deliver independent and objective analyses and advise in core areas important to their sponsors in support of policy development, decision making, alternative approaches, and new ideas on issues of significance.
System engineering and integration centers provide required support in core areas not available from sponsor’s in-house technical and engineering capabilities to ensure that complex systems meet operational requirements. The centers assist with the creation and choice of system concepts and architectures, the specification of technical system and subsystem requirements and interfaces, the development and acquisition of system hardware and software, the testing and verification of performance, the integration of new capabilities, and continuous improvement of system operations and logistics. They often play a critical role in assisting their sponsors in technically formulating, initiating, and evaluating programs and activities undertaken by firms in the for-profit sector.
Source of definitions: FFRDC Management Plan, effective May 1, 1996, Department of Defense, Director of Defense Research and Engineering, pp. 2-3.
Descriptions
of Individual Federally Funded Research and Development
Centers
Aerospace Federally Funded Research and Development Center (The Aerospace Corporation), El Segundo, CA. Department of Defense, Air Force.
Its sponsoring agreement calls for advanced systems architecture, concept analysis and planning; research, experimentation, systems engineering and integration; recommendations of technical direction and general technical supervision in the complete field of U.S. Government national security space systems.
The mission of the Aerospace FFRDC is to aid the United States Air Force in applying the full resources of modern science and technology to achieve continuing advances in military space and space related systems which are basic to national security; to provide the Air Force’s space efforts with an organization which is objective, possesses high technical competence, and is characterized by permanence and stability; to provide a vital link between the U.S. Government and the scientific and industrial organizations in the country with a capability and an interest in the space field; and, through its unique role, to help to ensure that the full technical resources of the nation are properly applied, and that the potential advances in the space field are realized in the shortest possible time.
Ames Laboratory (Iowa State University of Science and Technology), Ames, IA. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for basic physical, engineering, and environmental research in the disciplinary areas of chemistry, physics, metallurgy, mathematics, engineering, computer science, ceramics, and related fields; applied research and development work in advanced and innovative materials and in chemical synthesis processing evaluation techniques and instrumentation; and developmental research on purification techniques for, and the actual production and characterization of, research quantities (in a uniquely pure state) of such materials as actinide metals, the rare earth metals and compounds, the alkaline earths, refractory metals, composite materials, single crystals, amorphous and thin films, ceramic powders, and others.
The contract also mentions:
Cooperative research programs with colleges and universities involving the utilization of Laboratory equipment, facilities, and personnel.Research and development work involving the use of Laboratory equipment, facilities, and personnel for other Department of Energy contractors, other Federal agencies, universities, state and local governments, industrial entities, and the private sector.
Activities which will promote the transfer and commercialization of the practical results of the Laboratory’s research program and the technologies developed within the Laboratory to the private sector as well as to state and local governments.
Argonne National Laboratory (University of Chicago), Argonne, IL. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
Basic research--experimental and theoretical research on fundamental problems in the physical, life, and environmental sciences to advance scientific understanding in general and to support development of energy technologies. Major research interests include advanced techniques using synchrotron radiation for research in the physical and life sciences, algorithms and tools for massively parallel computers, studies of the human genome, and synthesis of advanced materials and detector systems for use at other research centers.Argonne shall contribute to U.S. technological competitiveness through research and development partnerships with industry that capitalize on the Laboratory’s expertise and facilities. Principal mechanisms to effect such contributions are: cooperative research and development, access to user facilities, reimbursable work for non-DOE activities, personnel exchanges, and licenses.
Arroyo Center (RAND Corp.), Santa Monica, CA. Department of Defense, Army.
Its sponsoring agreement precludes work with non-government entities. The Arroyo Center's efforts are generally focused on mid- to far-term, policy-oriented issues and are designed to assist the Army in improving its efficiency and effectiveness. It maintains both a technical and non-technical capability in a broad range of matters of concern to the Army. This includes the ability to address, through formal studies and analyses, a variety of problems potentially affecting Army missions and organizations, including threats, strategy, tactics, operations, technology, and resource management.
Brookhaven National Laboratory (Associated Universities, Inc.), Upton, Long Island, NY. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
The conduct of basic research in areas of science and technology which are of interest to Department of Energy (DOE) programs. This work shall include fundamental experimental and theoretical investigations in the physical, life, and environmental sciences to advance scientific understanding generally and to support development of energy technologies.Development and testing of advanced instruments and methods. This work shall include the development of new experimental techniques and the design, development, and fabrication of instruments, accelerators, and equipment for carrying out basic research studies and investigations.
The conduct of research, development, demonstration, training, technology transfer and educational activities in energy biology, medicine, agriculture, health and safety, and related fields.
C3I Federally Funded Research & Development Center (Mitre Corp.), Bedford, MA and McLean, VA. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense.
C3I's sponsoring agreement states:
MITRE undertakes no work for or with a commercial, profit seeking customer, unless prior expressed consent is given by the Department of Defense (DOD) sponsor.C3I may perform core work for U.S. Federal agencies, state or local governments, other non-profit organizations, and such other entities as the DOD sponsor approves in writing.
MITRE may conduct work for foreign governments and foreign users with prior approval of the DOD sponsor.
The primary objective and mission of the C3I FFRDC are to provide Command and Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) general systems engineering, engineering support, and systems integration support for the Department of Defense (DOD) users (Air Force, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, the Joint Staff, the Defense Agencies, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense).
Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (MITRE Corp.) McLean, VA. Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
The Center may undertake work for other sponsors or clients, both domestic and foreign, which may include government organizations or nonprofit entities which serve the public interest. Advanced approval by FAA is required.
The Center's specific functions include:
The validation of proposed National Airspace System (NAS) operational requirements by the development of operational concepts and by the assessment of alternative, feasible, and technological approaches to meeting proposed requirements in cost-effective ways;The conduct of analyses of the operations of the current and eventual NAS, with special emphasis on the detailed operational implications of the various incremental steps in the transition to the eventual system;
The conceptual formulation, feasibility determination, and prototype development of enhancements to the Air Traffic Control (ATC) System;
The conduct of engineering studies and ATC performance analyses during the development and acquisition phases of NAS hardware and software subsystems to determine the operational acceptability of contractor-proposed designs.
Center for Naval Analyses, (The CNA Corporation) Alexandria, VA. Department of Defense, Navy.
Its contract states that the Center for Naval Analyses is to provide an independent, authoritative source of research and analysis that is focused upon the major present and future issues affecting the Navy and Marine Corps. The Center for Naval Analyses helps the Department of the Navy and other Department of Defense decision makers make decisions about the use of current forces, about plans and policies that shape force readiness and sustainability, and about the allocation of resources among alternative future capabilities.
The Center for Naval Analyses shall not compete with any non-FFRDC concern in response to a Federal agency request for proposal for work other than the operation of an FFRDC.
Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (Southwest Research Institute), San Antonio, TX. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
The Charter within its contract states that the Center will perform, under Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC ) direction, technical assistance and research which will support the licensing reviews and other NRC activities related to geologic repositories, monitored retrievable storage (MRS) facilities, transportation, environmental, and other activities involved in the storage and disposal of high-level nuclear waste under the Nuclear Waste Policy Act. The primary areas of technical assistance and research will include: waste systems engineering and integration and overall program activities; geologic setting; engineered barrier system; transportation, special projects and analytical evaluations; and MRS and repository design, construction and operation.
Critical Technologies Institute (RAND Corp.), Washington, D.C. National Science Foundation.
Its sponsoring agreement precludes work with non-government agencies. Its Home Page states the CTI conducts research and analysis on issues of relevance to science and technology policy. CTI provides analytical support to the Executive Office of the President of the United States, the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and through them, the Committees of the National Science and Technology Council; helps decision makers understand the likely consequences of their decisions and choose among alternative policies; and improves understanding in both the public and private sectors of ways in which science and technology can better serve national objectives.
Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (University of California), Berkeley, CA. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for fundamental and applied research in the energy sciences, including advanced materials research, chemical sciences, earth sciences, fossil, fusion and nuclear energy research, and conservation and renewable energy research.
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Universities Research Association, Inc.), Batavia, IL. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
The conduct of basic research in the field of high energy physics and related disciplines involving fundamental studies and theoretical and experimental investigations which are of interest to the Department of Energy's program.Operation, maintenance, and upgrade of existing Laboratory facilities (including the accelerator complex, ancillary support facilities, and experimental areas) for basic research. This may also include the development of new experimental techniques, and the design, development, and fabrication of instruments, equipment, and facilities for carrying out such studies and investigations.
Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (Lockheed Idaho Technologies, Inc.), Idaho Falls, ID. Department of Energy.
Its contract states:
The contractor shall be responsible for management of a broad spectrum of energy research and technology development programs. This shall be accomplished with special emphasis on collaboration with, and technology transfer to, the private sector through the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980. The focus of research, development, and demonstration programs conducted under this contract is applied engineering. A limited amount of basic research, particularly in fields which support the engineering sciences will also be accomplished.Although non-nuclear research is the primary focus, the work scope also includes technology development in support of several nuclear areas in addition to the mainline nuclear power and materials production areas.
The Contractor will perform research and development activities for organizations outside the Department of Energy, including both private sector companies and other government agencies. The primary purpose of the Work for Others program is to make available the unique INEL technologies, expertise, and facilities in which Federal funds have been invested. As approved by the Department of Energy, the contractor shall provide technology, materials, and services to other public agencies and the private sector to benefit programs of national significance.
Institute for Defense Analyses Studies and Analyses FFRDC (Institute for Defense Analyses), Alexandria, VA. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense.
IDA will perform no work for private industry. Its sponsoring agreement calls for IDA to promote the national security, the public welfare, and the advancement of scientific learning by making analyses, evaluations and reports, and to include examination of the relative effectiveness of alternative measures, on matters of interest to the United States Government with primary orientation toward matters of national security. The agreement also states that IDA will provide studies, analyses, computer software prototypes, simulations, analytical models, and other technical and analytical support useful for policy and program planning and management by its sponsors.
Institute for Defense Analyses Communications and Computing FFRDC (Institute for Defense Analyses), Alexandria, VA. Department of Defense, National Security Agency.
Its sponsoring agreement states:
The primary mission of IDA-C3I is the performance of applied research and development in the highly specialized fields of cryptomathematics, cryptocomputing, and related fields such as speech research and special signals processing techniques.
Jet Propulsion Laboratory (California Institute of Technology), Pasadena, CA. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Its contract states:
JPL will serve as the principal NASA center for solar system exploration, and will have major responsibilities as well in support of NASA's applications, astrophysics, earth sciences, and such other high science value programs as may be established. Instrument observations from space vehicles will be a primary tool for such explorations, investigations and science programs, supported by ground-based research and laboratory experiments for such work.JPL will undertake mission assignments that may involve: automatic deep-space and earth-orbiting spacecraft or major subsystems; experiments, instruments, or other devices which may be carried as payload on the space shuttle, in other spacecraft or in such missions managed by others; or ground-based systems. Implicit in mission assignments is a broad range of hardware and software engineering, scientific analysis, and management effort.
Work for non-NASA sponsors at JPL will be confined to work which can apply technology or abilities which were developed, used or acquired in the conduct of work by JPL for NASA or for others, or which are needed for future work for NASA.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (University of California), Livermore, CA. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
Basic and applied research in peaceful and military application of nuclear energy;Work associated with the design, development, testing, safety and reliability of the weapons in the nuclear weapons stockpile;
Basic research in the general sciences including nuclear physics, high energy physics, and astrophysics as well as accelerator and advanced detector research and development;
Life and environmental sciences research in the genetics, structure and function of biological systems, biomedical applications, and the characterization and improvement of the environment;
Maintenance of a strong, multi-disciplinary scientific, engineering, computational and information sciences base responsive to scientific issues of national importance;
Development and operation of unique national experimental facilities for use by qualified investigators;
Advancement of science, mathematics and engineering education, and education and training of future generations of scientists and engineers; and
Performance of technology transfer and work for others, including programs designed to enhance U.S. competitiveness in the global economy.
Lincoln Laboratory (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), Lexington, MA. Department of Defense, Air Force.
This is one of two Department of Defense FFRDCs that are approved research partners for STTR awardees.
Its contract states:
The mission of Lincoln Laboratory is to carry out a program of research and development pertinent to national defense with particular emphasis on advanced electronics.The laboratory research and development programs extend from fundamental investigations in science through the development of new advanced technologies to the integration of these technologies into new or existing systems. Technology areas include solid state electronics; radar and optical sensors; signaling processing; surveillance; communications; spacecraft; analog and digital integrated circuit technology; air traffic control; signal intercept technology; high energy laser-beam control; laser devices; optics; antennas; electromagnetic propagation; and strategic and tactical systems and countermeasures.
Logistics Management Institute (LMI), McLean, VA. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense.
LMI shall not compete with any non-FFRDC concern in response to any request for proposal issued by any Federal agency. However, LMI may compete for the formation and operation of an FFRDC, and LMI may compete with other FFRDCs for government work. Under certain conditions, LMI may perform work for non-DoD Federal agencies, foreign governments, and quasi-government organizations.
LMI's primary function is to conduct objective and independent research, studies and analyses. LMI’s focus will be on logistics, acquisition and related manpower policy and management issues; and national security matters in which logistics, acquisition and manpower elements are prominently involved.
Los Alamos National Laboratory (University of California), Los Alamos, NM. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
Basic and applied research in peaceful and military application of nuclear energy;Work associated with the design, development, testing, safety and reliability of the weapons in the nuclear weapons stockpile;
The maintenance of a strong, multi-disciplinary scientific and engineering base responsive to scientific issues of national importance;
The advancement of science, math and engineering education; and
Performance of technology transfer and work for others including programs designed to enhance U.S. competitiveness in the global economy.
NCI Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center (Science Applications International Corp.; Advanced BioScience Laboratories, Inc.; Charles River Laboratories, Inc.; Data Management Services, Inc.), Frederick, MD. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health.
Its contract calls for scientific and technical support of NIH intramural programs and specific research support programs such as AIDS vaccine technology, clinical services, animal sciences, and biomedical supercomputing center.
The contract mentions the possibility of Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs).
National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (Cornell University), Arecibo, PR. National Science Foundation.
Its cooperative agreement calls for NAIC to conduct a broad program of research in astronomy, the atmospheric sciences, and related fields for its value and for the purpose of maintaining a staff that is scientifically productive and technically current, and to develop new techniques and instruments for astronomical and atmospheric observations and data processing, utilizing as appropriate the expertise in other institutions. NAIC will provide facilities, services and support to individual scientific investigators and research institutions, both foreign and domestic.
National Center for Atmospheric Research (University Corporation for Atmospheric Research), Boulder, CO. National Science Foundation.
Its cooperative agreement calls for NCAR to conduct, support, and stimulate research in the atmospheric sciences and related fields. NCAR will plan for, evaluate, and provide facilities to the research community, and develop educational and training programs in the atmospheric sciences in collaboration with academic institutions.
National Defense Research Institute (RAND Corp.), Santa Monica, CA. Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense.
Its sponsoring agreement precludes work with non-government entities. The agreement calls for NDRI to broadly support the analytical requirements of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, and the Defense Agencies. NDRI provides independent, objective findings and policy advice derived from research and analysis of national security problems. A wide range of research, studies and analysis are expected to be conducted in such areas as international security and defense strategy; acquisition and technology policy; and forces and resources policy.
National Optical Astronomy Observatories (Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.), Tucson, AZ. National Science Foundation.
Its cooperative agreement calls for NOAO to provide (through the staff and facilities of NOAO) scientific, technical, managerial, and other support necessary for the conduct of research programs in astronomy, solar physics, and related fields, and to develop new techniques and instruments for astronomical observations and data processing, drawing widely on expertise in other institutions. The facilities shall maintain their character as visitor oriented astronomical research centers with strong internal research programs; a substantial fraction of the observing time on the major research instruments will be made available to the rest of the astronomical community.
National Radio Astronomy Observatory (Associated Universities, Inc.), Green Bank, WV. National Science Foundation.
Its cooperative agreement calls for Associated Universities, Inc. to provide, scientific, managerial, and logistic support in the conduct of research programs in radio astronomy and related fields. The research shall be carried out by visiting scientific investigators and the staff of the Observatory. Associated Universities, Inc. will also maintain a broad base research program at the Observatory in order to promote advances in, and the utilization of, knowledge in astronomy.
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Midwest Research Institute), Golden, CO. Department of Energy.
Its contract states that NREL shall plan, analyze, conduct and manage research and development on technologies relating to the use of renewable energy resources, energy conservation, and energy storage, and areas of basic and applied science which support these technologies, which private industry cannot reasonably be expected to undertake. This work advances scientific understanding and establishes a sound technological base, enabling the private sector to make well-informed choices among technology options. NREL shall conduct an active technology transfer effort to make the results of the Laboratory’s research known and available to the private sector, and to encourage utilization by the private sector of research results.
Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Inc.), Oak Ridge, TN. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for ORISE to:
Encourage the development of programs of research and instruction in the energy and related fields by educational institutions in the United States, particularly by those in the southeastern region thereof.Arrange and conduct health protection studies and biomedical and environmental research programs in such areas as radiation accident management and training, biochemistry, and immunology, radiation biology, toxicology, human reliability, industrial medicine, and other research as may be approved by the Department of Energy (DOE). Such programs may include but not be limited to:
Radiation accident management and training and operation of the Radiation Emergency Assistance Center and Training Site (REAC/TS). Also the performance of autopsies, experimental pathology, and maintenance of radiation exposure registries.
Research on the biochemical, immunological and cytogenetic effects of energy related pollutants.
Comprehensive epidemiologic studies of DOE and DOE contractor employees whose occupations involve potential exposure to radiation or other toxic materials or other populations.
Other therapeutic and health studies related to energy systems and energy technologies.
Arrange, coordinate, and manage cooperative research programs jointly funded by the Department of Energy and universities or industry to provide opportunities for university faculty, students, and industrial researchers to conduct research at and with the unique scientific facilities of the Department of Energy or others.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.), Oak Ridge, TN. Department of Energy.
Its contract states that ORNL's activities are largely directed toward the following:
R&D in the physical and life sciences, energy and engineering technologies, computational sciences, and energy-related socio-economics;production and/or distribution of radioisotopes, stable isotopes, transuranics, special nuclear and source materials, irradiation services, and other materials or products as the Department of Energy may authorize and direct;
development and operation of special research facilities, R&D partnerships, and certain educational functions related to the above-mentioned activities.
Technology transfer activities, shall be in support of the mission of ORNL and may include mechanisms such as Cooperative Research and Development Agreements, Direct Assistance Programs, User Agreements, User Facilities, and license agreements in which research and development resources are leveraged with private sector partners.
Pacific Northwest Laboratories (Battelle Memorial Institute), Richland, WA. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
The conduct of basic research in the fields of energy and basic science involving fundamental studies and theoretical, computational, and experimental investigations which are of interest to Department of Energy (DOE)'s program(s). These studies will generally lie within, but not be limited to, the areas of physics, chemistry, meteorology, mathematics, metallurgy, materials, life sciences, health and safety, energy sciences, radiological sciences, the fundamentals of engineering science, and environmental science. They may also include the development of new experimental techniques and the design, development, and fabrication of instruments, equipment, and facilities for carrying out such studies and investigations.The conduct of applied research, development, engineering, production support, and field program/project management which is of programmatic interest to DOE, including services to DOE, as requested, in the planning, evaluation, and execution of energy development programs, nuclear weapons, materials and related defense, and other activities considered to be within the mission to be carried out by the Contractor.
The conduct of demographic, environmental, institutional, legal, policy and socioeconomic research and studies to carry out this work.
At the direction or with the approval of DOE, the Contractor shall cooperate with industrial organizations to assist in increasing industrial competence in and contributions to applications of science and technology. Such cooperation may include an early transfer of information to industry.
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (Princeton University), Princeton, NJ. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for the contractor to manage and operate the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in a cost effective manner and perform research and development, project management, demonstration, training, technology transfer, international cooperation, industrial cooperation, educational activities, and related services on Magnetic Fusion Energy and in related sciences. The basic objectives of the work are the attainment and investigation of the properties of plasmas under conditions typical of fusion reactors, and the study of the physics of burning plasmas. Inherent in the pursuit of these objectives are both experimental and theoretical efforts aimed at scientific understanding of the underlying principles as well as engineering and technology development work required for solving design problems of experimental devices, including factors relating to safety and environmental acceptance of both near term experimental devices and future power reactors.
Project Air Force (RAND Corp.), Santa Monica, CA. Department of Defense, Air Force.
Its sponsoring agreement precludes work with non-government entities. The mission of Project Air Force is to conduct a continuous interrelated program of objective analysis on major cross-cutting policy and management issues of concern to the Air Force. Project Air Force should have the ability to address, through formal studies and analyses, a variety of potential problems affecting Air Force missions and organization, including threats, strategy, tactics, operations, technology, and resource management. Project Air Force conducts research in three broad interrelated research areas: Strategy, Doctrine, and Force Structure; Force Modernization and Employment; and Resource Management and Systems Acquisition.
Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia Corporation which is a subsidiary of Martin Marietta, Inc.) Albuquerque, NM. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for Sandia to manage, operate, protect, sustain and enhance the Laboratory's ability to function as a U.S. Department of Energy Multi-Program Laboratory, while assuring accomplishment of its primary assignment as a nuclear weapons research, development and engineering laboratory.
The Contractor shall facilitate the Laboratory’s ability to project its efforts and participate with the scientific, engineering, and technical communities on both the national and international levels with the highest degree of vision, quality, integrity and technical excellence.
Savannah River Technology Center (Westinghouse Savannah River Co.), Aiken, SC. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for:
Nuclear materials production. Management of defense nuclear materials production programs and operation, maintenance and upgrade of Savannah River Plant (SRP) facilities supporting such programs; management of programs and projects intended to expand, alter, enhance, or improve the production of defense nuclear materials and resulting facility needs.Radioactive and nonradioactive waste management. Management of waste control and disposal programs and operation, maintenance and upgrade of SRP facilities supporting such programs; management of programs intended to reduce, control, store, treat, or dispose of waste, and closure of Resource Conservation and Recovery Act/Comprehensive Environmental Response, Conservation and Liability Act sites.
Naval fuel materials production. Production of fuel materials for U.S. Navy nuclear powered ships, using existing and new primary and supporting facilities. Process development and technical support for fuel materials production.
In order to ensure the full use of results of research and development efforts of, and the capabilities of, the Laboratory, technology transfer, including Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs), is established as a mission of the Laboratory consistent with the policy, principles and purposes of Sections 11(a) (1) and 12 (g) of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980.
Software Engineering Institute (Carnegie Mellon University), Pittsburgh, PA. Department of Defense, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.
This is one of two Department of Defense FFRDCs that are approved research partners for STTR awardees.
Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI's) Charter states that SEI shall provide the means and leadership to bring the ablest professional minds and the most effective technology to bear on rapid improvement of the quality of operational software in software intensive systems. The SEI shall accelerate the reduction to practice of modern software engineering technology and shall promulgate the use of this technology throughout the software community. The SEI shall foster standards of excellence for improving software engineering practice.
Its sponsoring agreement states that SEI may accept work from and agree to work with industry. The SEI will not engage in activities that do not support the mission and should not engage in activities that do not support its approved strategy without ARPA’s consent. Technical direction for work with other organizations will be accomplished by Technical Objectives & Plans which have been approved by the SEI Joint Program Office Site Director. The Director of the SEI may enter into CRADAs on behalf of the U.S. Government.
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (Leland Stanford, Jr., University), Stanford, CA. Department of Energy.
Its contract calls for the contractor to operate and maintain the National Facility and to program the research, development, engineering and tests in high energy physics and related disciplines.
The contractor may perform non-Department of Energy funded work for Federal agencies, Department of Energy (DOE) cost-type contractors and others, involving the use of DOE facilities and resource and use of SLAC staff, provided that the work is related to the mission of the contract.
Tax Systems Modernization Institute (IIT Research Institute), Lanham, MD. Department of the Treasury, Internal Revenue Service.
Its contract states that this FFRDC shall only perform work assigned by the IRS, and is prohibited from performing work for another Federal agency. Its mission is the elimination of, to the maximum extent possible, the paper intensive tax return processing system in the Service Centers particularly as it relates to the entry, storage, and retrieval of returns and return information. This will be accomplished through the use of image processing, storage, and retrieval technology and the expansion of electronic filing. The intended result will be an essentially paperless environment. Data will be captured and perfected either electronically or from return images which will also be stored indefinitely for retrieval by employees.
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Southeastern Universities Research Association), Newport News, VA. Department of Energy.
The Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator became operational and began collecting data in May 1996. At this time the name was changed from "Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility."
Its contract states that the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator is a laboratory for unclassified research established by the Department of Energy (DOE) as a User Facility providing a unique resource for the DOE Office of Energy Research’s scientific program and its related user community. In this regard, the primary research mission will be in nuclear research.
The Contractor may, through the Laboratory, perform non-DOE activities which are consistent with and complementary to the DOE’s mission and the Laboratory’s mission under the contract, involving the use of Laboratory equipment, facilities or personnel.
Decertifications,
Closures and Renaming of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers,
1968-96
Army Mathematics Research Center (University of Wisconsin). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1970.Center for Research in Social Systems (American University). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1970.
Human Resources Research Office/Organization (George Washington University). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Institute for Advanced Technologies (University of Texas). Phased out as FFRDC Nov. 1993.
Research Analysis Corporation (RAC). Phased out as FFRDC Sept. 1, 1972.
Applied Physics Laboratory (Johns Hopkins University). FY 1978.Applied Physics Laboratory (University of Washington). FY 1974.
Applied Research Laboratory (Pennsylvania State University). FY 1978.
Hudson Laboratories (Columbia University). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1969.
Ordnance Research Laboratory (Pennsylvania State University). Renamed Applied Research Laboratory in 1973.
Analytic Services, Inc. (ANSER). FY 1977.Electromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Center (Illinois Institute of Technology, Research Institute, (IITRI)). FY 1972.
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION AND WELFARE
All were administered by National Institute of Education except as noted.
Appalachia Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.Center for the Advanced Study of Educational Administration (University of Oregon). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Center for Educational Policy Research (Stanford Research Institute). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Center for Research and Development for Learning and Re-Education (University of Wisconsin). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Center for Research and Development in Higher Education (University of California). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Center for the Study of the Evaluation of Instructional Programs (University of California). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Center for the Study of Social Organization of Schools and the Learning Process (Johns Hopkins University). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Center for Urban Education. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Central Atlantic Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1969.
Central Midwestern Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Cooperative Educational Research Laboratory, Inc. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1969.
Coordination Center for the National Program in Early Childhood Education (University of Illinois). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Eastern Regional Institute for Education. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Educational Development Center, Inc. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
The Far West Laboratory for Educational Research and Development. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Learning Research and Development Center (University of Pittsburgh). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Michigan-Ohio Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1969.
Mid-Continent Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
National Laboratory for Higher Education. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Policy Research Center (Syracuse University Research Corporation). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Regional Educational Laboratory for the Carolinas and Virginia. Renamed National Laboratory for Higher Education in FY 1971.
Research and Development Center in Educational Stimulation (University of Georgia). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Research and Development Center in Teacher Education (University of Texas). Phased out as FRDC at end of FY 1972.
Research for Better Schools, Inc. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Rocky Mountain Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1969.
South Central Regional Educational Laboratory Corporation. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1969.
Southeastern Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Southwest Educational Development Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Southwest Regional Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Southwestern Cooperative Educational Laboratory. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Stanford Center for Research and Development in Teaching (Stanford University). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
Upper Midwest Regional Educational Laboratory, Inc. Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1972.
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY/ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission (National Academy of Sciences). Phased out as FFRDC in April 1975.Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory (Westinghouse Electric Corp.). Oct. 1992.
Cambridge Electron Accelerator (Harvard University and MIT). Closed down in 1974.
Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (Southeastern Universities Research Association, Inc.). Renamed Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in May 1996.
Energy Technology Engineering Center (Rockwell International Corp.). Closed out in Nov. 1995.
Hanford Engineering Development Laboratory (Westinghouse Hanford Co.). Oct. 1992. This included the Liquid Metal Fast Breeder Reactor program beginning in Dec. 1971.
Holifield National Laboratory (Union Carbide Corp.). Renamed Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Inhalation Technology Research Institute (Lovelace Institutes). May 1996.
Liquid Metal Engineering Center (Rockwell International Corp.). Became Energy Technology Engineering Center in FY 1980.
Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory (General Electric Co.). Oct. 1992.
Mound Laboratory (Monsanto Chemical Co.). FY 1982.
National Accelerator Laboratory (Universities Research Association, Inc.). Renamed Fermilab in 1974.
National Reactor Testing Station (Aerojet Nuclear Corp.). Renamed Idaho National Engineering Laboratory in 1974.
Princeton-Pennsylvania Proton Accelerator (Princeton University and University of Pennsylvania). Phased out as FFRDC at end of FY 1971.
Solar Energy Research Institute (Midwest Research Institute). Renamed National Renewable Energy Laboratory in September 1991.
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
Space Radiation Effects Laboratory (College of William and Mary). FY 1979.
Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory. Became part of National Optical Astronomy Observatories in 1984.Kitt Peak National Observatory. Became part of National Optical Astronomy Observatories in 1984.
National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak Observatory. Became part of National Optical Astronomy Observatories in 1984.
Sources: Master Government List of Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs), Fiscal Year 1997, and the National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Research and Development, Volumes XVI-XLIII, Detailed Statistical Tables, annual publication (Arlington, VA).
Prepared by Jennifer Held and Mary V. Burke, Science Resources Studies, National Science Foundation, 1996.