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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: freshwater drum
Synonyms and Other Names: (sheepshead).
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Becker (1983); Page and Burr (1991); Etnier and Starnes (1993); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994).
Size: 89 cm.
Native Range: East of Rocky Mountains in St. Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay, and
Mississippi River basins from Quebec to northern Manitoba and southern
Saskatchewan, and south to Gulf; Gulf Coast drainages from Mobile Bay,
Georgia and Alabama, through eastern Mexico to Rio Usumacinta system,
Guatemala (Page and Burr 1991).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: Freshwater drum was stocked in Bonny Reservoir, Yuma County, Colorado, with stock from Mead County, Kansas, in 1951 (Everhart and Seaman 1971; Ellis 1974; Walker 1993). Drum introduced and established in Bonny Reservoir became the stock source for many other reservoirs in the Republican, Arkansas and Platte drainages of eastern Colorado (Everhart and Seaman 1971; Walker 1993; Rasmussen 1998). The species also was introduced into the Fox drainage in Illinois (Burr and Page 1986), and the Youghiogheny system in Pennsylvania (Hendricks et al. 1983). Two drum were reported in 1947 from the Moen's Lake chain in Oneida County, Wisconsin, in the upper Wisconsin River drainage (Becker 1983). It has been introduced into Wyoming (Stone 1995), including Keyhole and Grayrocks reservoirs (Hubert 1994).
Means of Introduction: Freshwater drum was stocked in the early 1950s in Colorado lakes as a sport fish (Everhart and Seaman 1971). It was accidentally stocked in two Wyoming reservoirs (Hubert 1994). The two fish reported from the upper Wisconsin drainage in Wisconsin were likely the result of fish rescue and transfer operations from the Mississippi River in the 1930s (Becker 1983).
Status: Established in Colorado; reported in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Extirpated in Pennsylvania (Hendricks et al. 1983).
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: In Wisconsin, there are no other records of freshwater drum from the upper Wisconsin River; the species is considered native farther downstream near and below the Portage area (Becker 1983).
Ellis, M. M. 1974. Fishes of Colorado. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder, CO 11(1):1-136.
Everhart, W. H., and W. R. Seaman. 1971. Fishes of Colorado. Colorado Game, Fish and Parks Division, Denver, CO. 75 pp.
Hubert, W. 1994. Exotic fish. Pages 158-174 in T. L. Parrish, and S. H. Anderson, editors. Exotic species manual. Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, WY.
Page, L. M., and B. M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Field Guide Series, volume 42. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
Walker, P. - Colorado Division of Wildlife, Brush, CO.
Other Resources:
Distribution map in Illinois - ILNHS
FishBase Fact Sheet
Author: Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 12/5/2003 Citation for this information:
Pam Fuller. 2009. Aplodinotus grunniens. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=946> Revision Date: 12/5/2003
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