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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: rainbow darter
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Becker (1983); Page (1983); Page and Burr (1991); Etnier and Starnes (1993); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994).
Size: 7.7 cm.
Native Range: Great Lakes and Mississippi River basins from southern Ontario and
western New York to Minnesota, and south to northern Alabama and
Arkansas. Isolated populations in southwestern Mississippi and eastern
Louisiana, and in upper Potomac River drainage (Atlantic Slope), West
Virginia (Page and Burr 1991).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: The rainbow darter has been introduced into the Genesee River system of New York. The species is now common from Portageville to Caneadea and in Angelica and Caneadea creeks (Smith 1985). Hocutt et al. (1986) listed this species only as questionably native in the Potomac and the Kanawah drainage above the falls.
Means of Introduction: Unknown.
Status: The species is established in the Genesee River system, apparently due to a fairly recent introduction (late 1970s). The population was expanding explosively as of the early 1980s (Smith 1985).
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: Cross et al. (1986) reported the rainbow darter as introduced into the Middle Arkansas drainage. No records of this species were found from this drainage in Arkansas (Robison and Buchanan 1988), Oklahoma (Miller and Robison 1973), or Kansas (Cross 1967; Cross and Collins 1995). However, Cross (1967) mentioned that E. caeruleum had been reported in Kansas previously, but those records were based on misidentified E. spectabile.
Other Resources:
FishBase Fact Sheet
Author: Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 12/5/2003 Citation for this information:
Pam Fuller. 2009. Etheostoma caeruleum. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=809> Revision Date: 12/5/2003
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