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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: sand shiner
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Becker (1983); Sublette et al. (1990); Page and Burr (1991); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994); Pflieger (1997); a commonly used synonym is Notropis stramineus (Mayden and Gilbert 1989).
Size: 8.1 cm.
Native Range: Saint Lawrence-Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and Mississippi River basins from St. Lawrence River, southern Quebec, to eastern Saskatchewan, and south to Tennessee and Texas; west to eastern Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico; Gulf Slope from Trinity River to Rio Grande, Texas, New Mexico, and Mexico (Page and Burr 1991).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: This species is known from East Clear and Chevalon creeks in Arizona (Miller and Lowe 1967; Minckley 1973). It is also known from the Colorado, Dolores (Holden and Stalnaker 1975b; Tyus et al. 1982; Woodling 1985), and Yampa (Tyus et al. 1982) rivers in Colorado; the Shawangunk Kill, New York (Smith 1985; Schmidt 1986); the Colorado, Green, and Dolores rivers, Utah (Holden and Stalnaker 1975b; Tyus et al. 1982); and the Bighorn drainage, Wyoming (Baxter and Simon 1970; Gorges 1994).
Means of Introduction: In Arizona, this species was reportedly stocked by accident along with shipments of largemouth bass from Dexter, New Mexico, in 1935, into East Clear Creek and perhaps Chevalon Creek (Minckley 1973). In his list of introduced fishes of Arizona and the lower Colorado River, Rinne (1995) reported it as an accidental introduction and gave the year as 1938. Although uncertain, it may have entered the Shawangunk Kill of New York via the Delaware-Hudson Canal system (Smith 1985). This species may have been introduced into other western states as a bait fish. It was introduced to Willard Bay Reservoir, Utah in 1982 (Sigler and Sigler 1987). The sand shiner was first collected in the upper Colorado basin (Dolores River) in 1971 (Holden and Stalnaker 1975a, 1975b). Based on its numbers and distribution, Holden and Stalnaker (1975b) suggested that this species had been present in the Colorado basin for several years, perhaps introduced as a baitfish, as it is common in the South Platte River system of eastern Colorado.
Status: Established in Arizona, Colorado, New York, Utah, and Wyoming.
Impact of Introduction: Largely unknown. This species was reported to be "a problem" in the Yampa River in Colorado (Whitmore 1997).
Remarks: Most references use the name Notropis stramineus for this species. According to Minckley (1973), it has been collected only once in Arizona, in 1955 in Navajo County. However, the species was observed in the mouth of Chevalon Creek, Arizona, in 1938 (Miller and Lowe 1967). Baxter and Simon (1970) stated that this species is known from Ocean Lake in the Bighorn drainage of Wyoming, where it may have been introduced. Tyus et al. (1982) gave a distribution map of this species in the upper Colorado basin. Schmidt (1986) listed this species as native but possibly introduced to the Hudson drainage. This species is commonly used as bait and also as a bioassay animal (Baxter and Simon 1970; Sigler and Sigler 1996).
Other Resources:
FishBase Fact Sheet
Author: Leo Nico and Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 7/12/2004 Citation for this information:
Leo Nico and Pam Fuller. 2009. Notropis stramineus. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=600> Revision Date: 7/12/2004
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