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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: largemouth bass
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: Moyle (1976a); Becker (1983); Page and Burr (1991); Etnier and Starnes (1993); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994).
Size: 97 cm.
Native Range:
St. Lawrence and Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and Mississippi River basins from southern Quebec to Minnesota and south to the Gulf; Atlantic Slope drainages from North Carolina to Florida; Gulf Slope drainages from southern Florida into northern Mexico (Page and Burr 1991).
The largemouth bass is reported as stocked in Alabama (Mettee et al. 1996); Arkansas (Pritchard et al. 1978); Arizona (Miller and Lowe 1967; Minckley 1973; Hendrickson et al. 1980; Tyus et al. 1982; Tilmant 1999; USFWS 2005) (Behnke and Benson 1980); California (Smith 1896; Shebley 1917; Neale 1931; Moyle 1976a; Hubbs et al. 1979; Shapalov et al. 1981; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1993e, 2005; Tilmant 1999; Sommer et al. 2001; Matern et al. 2002; Bryan 1969); Colorado (Everhart and Seaman 1971; Holden and Stalnaker 1975; Tyus et al. 1982; Propst and Carlson 1986; Rasmusen 1998; Tilmant 1999; Beckman 1952), (Behnke and Benson 1880); Connecticut (Behnke and Wetzel 1960; Whitworth et al. 1968; Schmidt 1986; Whitworth 1996; Tilmant 1999); Delaware (Raasch and Altemus 1991); District of Columbia (Tilmant 1999); Georgia (Pritchard et al. 1978); Hawaii (Brock 1960; Maciolek 1984); Idaho (Smith 1896; Linder 1963; Idaho Fish and Game 1990; Anonymous 2004); Illinois (Burr, personal communication); Iowa (Bailey and Allum 1962); Kansas (Cross 1967; Tilmant 1999); Kentucky (Burr and Warren 1986); Maine (Kendall 1914a; Everhart 1976; Schmidt 1986; Mallard 2003); Maryland (Ferguson 1876; Truitt et al. 1929; Tilmant 1999); Massachusetts (Schmidt 1986; Hartel 1992; Hartel et al. 1996; Tilmant 1999; USFWS 2005; Grice 1956); Michigan (Lee et al. 1980 et seq.); Minnesota (Phillips et al. 1982; Tilmant 1999); Mississippi (Pritchard et al. 1978); Missouri (Pflieger 1971, 1975; Renken 2002 ); Montana (Cross et al. 1986; Holton 1990; Tilmant 1999; Mann 2004); Nebraska (Morris et al. 1974); Nevada (Miller and Alcorn 1946; La Rivers 1962; Hubbs et al. 1974; Deacon and Williams 1984; Insider Viewpoint 2001; USFWS 2005; Vinyard 2001; Tilmant 1999); New Hampshire (Scarola 1973; Schmidt 1986); New Jersey (Nelson 1890; Fowler 1952; Soldwedel, personal communication; USFWS 2005); New Mexico (Tyus et al. 1982; Sublette et al. 1990); New York (Smith 1985; Schmidt 1986; Whittier et al. 2000; USFWS 2005); North Carolina (Menhinick 1991); North Dakota (Lee et al. 1980 et seq.; Cross et al. 1986); Ohio (Trautman 1981); Oklahoma (Miller and Robison 1973); Oregon (Smith 1896; Wydoski and Whitney 1979; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1993e, 2005; Bond 1994; Logan et al. 1996; State of Oregon 2000; Anonymous 2001; Ridler 2004); Pennsylvania (Lee et al. 1980 et seq.; Copper 1983; Hocutt et al. 1986; Schmidt 1986; Tilmant 1999); Rhode Island (Lapin, personal communication); South Dakota (Bailey and Allum 1962; Cross et al. 1986); Texas (Kraai et al. 1983; Texas Parks and Wildlife Department 1993; Red River Authority 2001); Utah (Smith 1896; Sigler and Miller 1963; Tyus et al. 1982; Tilmant 1999; Sharp 1898) (Behnke and Benson 1880); Vermont (Lee et al. 1980 et seq.; Tilmant 1999); Virginia (Lee et al. 1980 et seq.; Hocutt et al. 1986; Jenkins and Burkhead 1994; Tilmant 1999); Washington (Smith 1896; Gray and Dauble 1977; Wydoski and Whitney 1979; Tilmant 1999; USFWS 2005; Four Seasons Campground and Resort 2003); West Virginia (Stauffer et al. 1995); Wisconsin (Becker 1983); and Wyoming (Baxter and Simon 1970; Tyus et al. 1982; Cross et al. 1986; Hubert 1994; Tilmant 1999) (Behnke and Benson 1880); .
The largemouth bass is also stocked in Puerto Rico (Erdsman 1984; Lee et al 1983).
Means of Introduction: This species has been an important sport fish for many years and as such has been stocked widely in areas where it is nonindigenous. Intentional stocking for sportfishing.
Status: Established in most locations.
Impact of Introduction: Introduced bass usually affect populations of small native fishes through predation, sometimes resulting in the decline or extinction of such species (Minckley 1973). Species that have suffered such effects include relict dace Relictus solitarius, Clover Valley speckled dace Rhinichthys osculus oligoporus, Independence Valley tui chub Gila bicolor lethoporus (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985b), a distinct population of Gila chub G. intermedia, Monkey Spring pupfish Cyprinodon sp. (Minckley 1973), White River springfish Crenichthys baileyi, Pahranagat roundtail chub Gila robusta jordani (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1985b), Owens pupfish Cyprinodon radiosus (Miller and Pister 1971), wild brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (Boucher 2003), and White River spinedace Lepidomeda albivallis (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 1994e). Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) speculated that introduced largemouth bass may have contributed to the demise of an isolated population of trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus in the Potomac River in Virginia and Maryland. Introduced predatory centrarchids are likely responsible for the decline of native ranid frogs in California, California tiger salamander Ambystoma californiense populations (Hayes and Jennings 1986; Dill and Cordone 1997), and the Chiricahua leopard frog Rana chiricahuensis in southeastern Arizona (Rosen et al. 1995). In Squaw Creek Reservoir in northcentral Texas, introduced Florida largemouth intergrade with native northern largemouth (Whitmore and Hellier 1988).
Remarks: This account includes introductions of both subspecies M. s. salmoides, the northern largemouth bass, and M. s. floridanus, the Florida largemouth bass. For instance, both subspecies have been introduced into Nevada (Deacon and Williams 1984). Tyus et al. (1982) gave a distribution map of the this species in the upper Colorado basin. MacCrimmon and Robbins (1975) showed a map depicting this species' native and introduced range. Jenkins and Burkhead (1994) reported the largemouth as introduced into the Roanoke drainage in Virginia. Recently prehistoric bones of M. salmoides were discovered near the Roanoke River in Roanoke, Virginia, indicating that the species is native there (Jenkins, personal communication).
Anonymous 2001.
Boucher, D. 2003. Illegal fish stockings threaten Maine lakes and rivers. Available online at URL http://www.state.me.us
Cooper, E.L. 1983. Fishes of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State University Press. University Park, PA. 243 pp.
Erdsman, D.S. 1984. Exotic fishes in
Insider Viewpoint. 2001. Fishing Records –
Logan, D., E.L. Bibles, and D.F. Markle. 1996. Recent collections of continental exotic aquarium fishes in Oregon and thermal tolerance of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus and Piaractus brachypomus. California Fish and Game. 82(2): 66-80.
Mallard, B. 2003. Invasive species: Life after Sebago.
Miller, R.R. and C.H. Lowe. 1967. Part 2. Fishes of
Rasmussen, J.L. 1998. Aquatic nuisance species of the
Renken, T. 2002. Fishermen can lapse into mistakes that are harmful to environment. St. Louis Today. November 11, 2002.
Shapovalov, L., A.J. Cordone, and W.A. Dill. 1981. A list of freshwater and anadromous fishes of
Sommer, T, B. Harrell, M. Nobriga, R. Brown, P. Moyle, W. Kimmerer, and L. Schemel. 2001.
State of Oregon. 2000. Warm Water Game Fish Records. 7 pp.
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. 1993. State Record Listing. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, May 21, 1993: 19-21.
Tilmant, J.T. 1999. Management of nonindigenous aquatic fish in the U.S. National Park System. National Park Service. 50 pp.
Whittier, T. R., D. B. Halliwell and R. A. Daniels. 2000. Distributions of lake fishes in the Northeast - II. The Minnows (Cyprinidae). Northeastern Naturalist. 7(2): 3- 131-156.
Other Resources:
Distribution in Illinois - ILNHS
Micropterus salmoides (Global Invasive Species Database)
Author: Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 4/19/2006 Citation for this information:
Pam Fuller. 2009. Micropterus salmoides. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=401> Revision Date: 4/19/2006
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