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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: an entoproct
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification:
There has been much debate over the correct taxonomy of entoprocts. Presented are some of the taxonomic schemes in recent and current use:
Phylum: Entoprocta; Order: Pedicellinida; Family: Pedicellinidae.(ITIS Database1998).
Phylum: Entoprocta; Order: Pedicellinida; Family; Barentsiidae (Hayward and Ryland 1995).
Phylum: Entoprocta; Order: Coloniales; Family: Barentsiidae (Kozolf and Price 1996).
Size: Zooiods up to 10 mm tall.
Native Range:
Northwest Europe, in eurihaline sheltered waters (Hayward and Ryland 1995:286-288).
Nonindigenous Occurrences:
Lake Merritt; San Francisco Bay; Salton Sea, California (Cohen and Carlton 1995; Jebram and Everitt 1982); Chesapeake Bay, Maryland (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 1998; Coles 1999); coastal Massachusetts; Coos Bay in Oregon (Cohen and Carlton 1995); and Chesapeake Bay, Virginia (Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 1998). Established in Puget Sound, Washington (Cohen 2004).
Means of Introduction: Ballast water or ship fouling.
Status: Established in locations above.
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: Tolerant of pollution (Hayward and Ryland 1995).
References
Cohen, A. N. and J.T. Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A Report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. and The National Sea Grant College Program Connecticut Sea Grant Program. 272 pp.
Hayward, P.J. and J.S. Ryland. 1995. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
ITIS Database. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Database. Last updated: 3 July 1998; Barentsia benedeni, page accessed 16 December 1999.
Jebram, D. and B. Everitt. 1982. New victorellids (Bryozoa, Ctenostomata) from North America: the use of parallel cultures in bryozoan taxonomy. Bio. Bull. 163:172-187.
Kozloff, E.N. and L.H. Price.1996. Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest with additions and corrections. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center. 1998. Chesapeake Bay Nonindigenous Species List. Last updated 10 October 1999; page accessed 16 December 1999.
Author: Danny O'Connell and Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 4/11/2006 Citation for this information:
Danny O'Connell and Pam Fuller. 2009. Barentsia benedeni. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=284> Revision Date: 4/11/2006
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