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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: ambiguous bryozoan
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: There has been much debate over the correct taxonomy of Bryozoans. Presented are some of the taxonomic schemes in recent and current use:
Colony erect branching forming a dense grey-brown muddy tuft up to 100 mm in hight. Zooiods cylindrical with 10-11 tentacles, budded directly from each (Hayward and Ryland 1995:657). Found in salinities down to 13 ppt (Osburn 1944; Prenand and Bobin 1956).Phylum: Bryozoan; Class: Gymnolaemata; Order: Ctenostomata; Suborder Victorellina; Superfamily: Victorellidea; Family: Nolellidae. (Bryozoan Home Page 1999)
Phylum: Ectoprocta; Class: Gymnolaemata; Order: Ctenostomata; Suborder: Carnosa; Superfamily: Paludicelloidea; Family: Nolellidae (ITIS Database 1998)
Synonym: Anquinella palmata (ITIS Database)
Size: Zooiods to 1.5 mm.
Native Range:
An Atlantic species known from England, Netherlands, Belgium, and France in the eastern Atlantic; and from Massachusetts to Florida and Puerto Rico in the western Atlantic. Also known from Brazil (Cohen and Carlton 1995).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: San Francisco Bay and San Pablo Bay California (Cohen and Carlton 1995; Ruiz 2000).
Means of Introduction: Ballast water or ship fouling (Cohen and Carlton 1995).
Status: Established.
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: None.
References
Bryozoan Home Page. Edited by Phil Block. Page updated 5 November 1999; page accessed 16 December 1999.
Cohen, A. N. and J.T. Carlton. 1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A Report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. and The National Sea Grant College Program Connecticut Sea Grant Program. 272 pp.
Hayward, P.J. and J.S. Ryland. 1995. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
ITIS Database. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Database. Last updated: 3 July 1998; Anguinella palmata page, accessed 16 December 1999.
Osburn, R.C. 1944. A Survey of the Bryozoa of Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, Solomon Islands, Maryland, 59 pp.
Prenant, M.and G. Bobin. 1956. Faune de France: 60. Bryozoaires, Part 1, Entoproctes, Phylactolemes, Ctenostomes. Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences, Paris, 398 pp.
Author: Danny O'Connell and Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 4/11/2006 Citation for this information:
Danny O'Connell and Pam Fuller. 2009. Anguinella palmata. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=272> Revision Date: 4/11/2006
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