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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: a bryozoan
Synonyms and Other Names: A. polyoum
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: There has been much debate over the correct taxonomy of Bryozoans. ITIS lists the phyla Bryozoa and Ectoprocta to be synonymous. Presented are some of the taxonomic schemes in recent and current use for this species:
Phylum: Bryozoa; Class: Gymnolaemata; Order: Ctenostomata; Suborder: Alcyonidiina; Superfamily: Alcyonidioidea; Family: Alcyonidiidae.(Bryozoan Home Page 1999) where junior synonym is A. polyoum.
Phylum: Ectoprocta or Bryozoa; Class: Gymnolaemata; Order: Ctenostomata; Suborder: Carnosa; Family: Alcyonidiidae (ITIS Database 1998)
In the ITIS database A. gelatinosum and A. polyoum are listed as two valid species. However, Kozloff and Price (1996) and the ITIS Database consider A. polyoum to be a junior synonym of A. gelatinosum.
A taxonomically difficult family. Forms smooth pail brown encrusting gelatinous patches on algae. interzooidal boundaries are not visible six sided uneven shape. Each zooiod has 19-20 tentacles. Embryos are yellow fawn and visible in gonozooiods during autumn and winter (Hayward and Ryland 1995) on algae on the lower shore.
Size: Zooiod 0.5 mm long; 0.4 mm at widest width.
Native Range: Northern Atlantic in Europe (Hayward and Ryland 1995; ITIS database). Northern Atlantice from Labrador to Chesapeake Bay (Cohen and Carlton 1995).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: San Francisco Bay and Tomales Bay, California (reported as A. polyoum) (Cohen and Carlton 1995).
Means of Introduction: Ship ballast water and/or fouling.
Status: Established.
Impact of Introduction: Unknown.
Remarks: None.
References
Bryozoan Home Page. Edited by Phil Block. Page updated 5 November 1999; page accessed 16 December 1999.
Cohen, A.N. and J.T. Carlton.1995. Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in a United States Estuary: A Case Study of the Biological Invasions of the San Francisco Bay and Delta. A Report for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C. and The National Sea Grant College Program Connecticut Sea Grant Program. 272 pp.
Hayward, P.J. and J.S. Ryland. 1995. Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe. Oxford University Press Inc., New York.
ITIS Database. Integrated Taxonomic Information System Database. Last updated: 3 July 1998; Alcyonidiidae page, accessed 16 December 1999.
Kozloff, E.N. and L.H. Price.1996. Marine Invertebrates of the Pacific Northwest with additions and corrections. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Author: Danny O'Connell and Pam Fuller
Revision Date: 5/1/2003 Citation for this information:
Danny O'Connell and Pam Fuller. 2009. Alcyonidium gelatinosum. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=264> Revision Date: 5/1/2003
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