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| NAS - Nonindigenous Aquatic Species |
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Common Name: a harpacticoid copepod
Taxonomy: available through 
Identification: This copepod is distinguishable from many other harpacticoids that occur in the Great Lakes by its broad rostrum and long caudal rami (Horvath et al. 2001). Both the exopod and endopod on the 1st leg of S. borutzkyi are 3-segmented. The exopods have either 4 setae (on leg 1) or 4 spines (on leg 2) on the last segment. On the 2nd segment of the exopods there is either 1 exterior spine (leg 1) or 1 interior spine (leg 2) (Lesko et al. 2003).
Size: 0.5–0.6 mm long. Males are typically shorter than females (Monchenko 1967; Horvath et al. 2001; Lesko et al. 2003).
Native Range: S. borutzkyi is native to the Black Sea basin (Monchenko 1974, 1995; Horvath et al. 2001).
Nonindigenous Occurrences: S. borutzkyi was recorded for the first time in Lake Michigan in 1998 (Horvath et al. 2001). Its continued presence in the lake was confirmed in subsequent years (Garza and Whitman 2004). It was discovered in Lake Erie in 2003 (Lesko et al. 2003).
Ecology: In Lake Michigan, S. borutzkyi is found at depths of 6–15 m and has reached densities of 3700 m2 (Horvath et al. 2001). It was originally recorded in Europe by Monchenko (1967) in the Danube Delta region of the Black Sea on silt and sand at a pH of 7.6 and salinity of 0.04–6ppt. Reproductive females carry two egg sacs ventrally (Lesko et al. 2003). The species can diapause, which likely contributed to its survival in ship ballast tanks (Panov et al. 2004).
Means of Introduction: The introduction of this species is attributable to ballast water release (Horvath et al. 2001).
Status: Established where recorded.
Impact of Introduction: A) Realised: S. borutzkyi now dominates the harpacticoid community in deep sites (at 15 m) in Lake Michigan. This possibly reflects successful competition with native species for similar resources or the ability to exploit unused resources (Horvath et al. 2001).
B) Potential: Unknown.
Remarks:
References
Garza, E. L. and R. L. Whitman. 2004. The nearshore benthic invertebrate community of southern Lake Michigan and its response to beach nourishment. Journal of Great Lakes Research 30(1):114-122.
Horvath, T. G., R. L. Whitman and L. L. Last. 2001. Establishment of two invasive crustaceans (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) in the nearshore sands of Lake Michigan. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:1261-1264.
Lesko, L. T., P. L. Hudson, J. W. Reid and M. A. Chriscinske. 2003. Harpacticoid copepods of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Great Lakes Science Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Monchenko, V. I. 1967. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Gattung Schizopera (Crustacea, Harpacticoida) im Schwarzen Meer. Zoologischer Anzeiger 178:367-374.
Monchenko, V. I. 1974. New data on the distribution of rare harpacticoids off the northwestern shores of the Black Sea. Hydrobiologal Journal 10(5):78-80.
Monchenko, V. I. 1995. Harpacticoida of River Dnieper (results of faunistic studies). Gidrobiologicheskii Zhurnal 31(5):33-37.
Panov, V. E., P. I. Krylov and N. Riccardi. 2004. Role of diapause in dispersal and invasion success by aquatic invertebrates. Journal of Limnology 63(Suppl. 1):56-69.
Other Resources: Great Lakes Water Life
Author: Rebekah M. Kipp
Contributing Agencies: 
NOAA - GLERL
Revision Date: 6/11/2007 Citation for this information:
Rebekah M. Kipp. 2009. Schizopera borutzkyi. USGS Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL.
<http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.asp?speciesID=2374> Revision Date: 6/11/2007
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