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2005 Progress Report: Inner City Toxicants and Neurodevelopment in Urban Children

EPA Grant Number: R831711
Center: Mount Sinai Center for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research.
Center Director: Wolff, Mary S.
Title: Inner City Toxicants and Neurodevelopment in Urban Children
Investigators: Wolff, Mary S. , Brenner, Barbara , Claudio, Luz , Galvez, Maida , Godbold, James , Teitelbaum, Susan , Wetmur, James G.
Current Investigators: Wolff, Mary S. , Claudio, Luz , Galvez, Maria , Godbold, James , Teitelbaum, Susan
Institution: Mount Sinai School of Medicine
EPA Project Officer: Fields, Nigel
Project Period: November 1, 2003 through October 31, 2008
Project Period Covered by this Report: November 1, 2004 through October 31, 2005
Project Amount: $3,948,091
RFA: Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research (2003)
Research Category: Children's Health , Health Effects

Description:

Objective:

Children in America’s cities are at risk of exposure to multiple known and potential developmental toxicants. Particular concern has been raised about newly identified, widely prevalent chemicals–the so-called endocrine disruptors (EDs), which include phthalates and alkyl phenols. They have become widely dispersed in the urban built-environment, and significant levels of phthalates now are nearly ubiquitous in the bodies of Americans. Highest exposures occur in children and in minorities. Yet, little is known about children’s pathways of exposure to EDs, the presence and the levels of EDs in children, or the human developmental toxicity of EDs. The objectives of this research project are to: (1) characterize the levels and sources of children’s exposures to contemporary-use EDs in the urban built-environment; (2) study relationships between EDs and neurobehavioral development; (3) study relationships among ED exposures, diet, physical activity, and somatic growth; and (4) characterize enzymatic polymorphisms that may modulate individual susceptibility to EDs. This research project is underway, and preliminary findings indicate broad, variable exposures and disparate built-environment characteristics in our neighborhood. Children in the Mount Sinai Center for Children’s Health and the Environment’s research project are overweight as they reach 6 to 8 years of age, which is a great concern to the community. More than 40 percent of children in our cohorts are above the 85th national percentile of body mass index that defines risk-for-overweight.

Progress Summary:

During Years 1 to 5 of the Center, we studied effects of exposure to environmental chemicals on children’s growth and neurobehavioral development. We characterized children’s exposures to pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), DDT, chlordane, and lead in three birth cohorts from East and Northern Harlem, New York City. We also evaluated susceptibility factors related to certain exposures. With the East Harlem community, we developed, deployed, and field-tested integrated pest management methods to reduce children’s exposures to neurotoxic pesticides. In a population of African American men whose mothers had participated in the Collaborative Perinatal Project during the 1960s, we measured in utero exposure to PCBs and found associated decrements in intelligence that were still evident at age 17 years. Timing of pubertal development now is being studied. PCBs, but not dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), were strongly associated with income, a socioeconomic status indicator, in this cohort. In two recently established (1998-2001) East Harlem birth cohorts, we found evidence for common (but not universal) exposure to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides. Exposures to PCBs and related chlorinated hydrocarbons were quite low, but PCB levels still were associated with fish intake. In utero exposure to organophosphates was associated with decreased head circumference of infants at birth but only in mothers with low paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity. In Years 6 to 10, we continue to follow the birth cohorts established in the first grant cycle to evaluate effects on later childhood development of these prenatal exposures, as well as the prevalent ED exposures.

Project 1 is a Community-Based Participatory Research project that is studying childhood obesity in relation to structural features and ED exposures in the urban built-environment of East Harlem. We are assessing accessibility to physical activity resources and to healthy foods. The first step was to develop maps that locate every play space, open area, and food source in East Harlem, to use as measures of the built-environment in our community. These maps will be the basis of a geographic information system (GIS) to assess obesity and physical activity among children in our studies. Quantitative physical activity is being assessed using a newly developed protocol that records daily pedometer readings and activity diaries. The protocol was evaluated in weeklong diaries among 30 children in Project 1. Children’s usage patterns of EDs are being determined through a “product-use” questionnaire (developed in our project). We have completed a 6-month study to evaluate biomarker protocols of phthalates, phenols, and phytoestrogens, and the sources of those chemicals in 34 6- to 8-year-old children. Reported product usage is being compared with children’s body burdens of new-age EDs as determined in urine. Early results show maximum levels greater than 3,000 μg/L of at least one analyte and median levels greater than 100 μg/L for most of the phthalate, phytoestrogen, and phenol families of EDs. Findings will guide sample collection and analysis for both Projects 1 and 2, as well as lead to an improved product-use questionnaire. A 3-year longitudinal study has begun in 150 6- to 8-year-old children to evaluate risk for obesity in relation to built-environment factors and ED exposures.

Project 2 is a continuing prospective epidemiologic study of an ethnically diverse birth cohort of infants born at Mount Sinai. A total of 482 women have been recruited and 97 have been enrolled thus far. We now are conducting neurobehavioral and anthropometric assessments, including percent body fat, at the child’s fourth, sixth, and seventh year. The aim is to assess whether in utero and/or childhood exposure to pesticides and EDs, specifically organophosphates, pyrethroids, PCBs, phthalates, and bisphenol A, are associated with childhood growth and neurodevelopment in children in New York City. The possible modulating influences of polymorphisms and enzymatic activity involving paraoxonases, lipases, and glucuronidases also will be evaluated, in collaboration with Project 3.

Project 3 has involved the study of seven genetic polymorphisms in the enzymes that activate and detoxify organophosphates and other pesticides in the population of mothers and infants enrolled in Project 2. Genotypes and phenotypes have been assessed in 656 samples, including maternal and umbilical cord bloods. Genotype-phenotype associations of PON1 vary by allele, are independent of race/ethnicity, and are stronger for infants than mothers. Results suggest that infants may be more susceptible to toxic effects of PON1 substrates. We have developed a new robust single molecule-based haplotyping technology that was verified by showing haplotype-based variation in PON1 activity in mothers heterozygous at two loci, a result that could not have been determined by genotyping or by haplotype inference. High throughput assays for UGT2B7 and lingual lipase are under development to address our aims to investigate these new ED-related susceptibility factors during the next 3 years.

Future Activities:

Project 1

In preparation for Year 3, we will review and modify the main questionnaire for the 1-year follow-up visit. We plan to conduct follow up dietary recalls on one-half of our sample in Year 3 and the remaining one-half in Year 4. We will continue to examine temporal variability and reliability of the EDs to determine optimal urine sampling strategies; to examine ED exposure levels and their relationship to diet, physical activity level, and weight; and to compare availability, proximity, and density of resources (GIS data) with individual level factors (neighborhood questionnaire) such as access, knowledge, utilization, dietary quality, and physical activity level.

Project 2

During the next year, we plan to continue 4- and 6-year follow-up visits, and begin administering the 7-year follow-up visits. To date, we have completed a total of 97 visits and are averaging approximately 3 to 4 visits per week.

To address our second objective, we are finalizing the statistical analyses of birth outcomes in relationship with maternal prenatal exposure to alkylphosphate pesticide metabolites, PCBs and DDT, lead, and PON expression. We have started our analysis of prenatal exposure to pesticide metabolites, PCBs and DDT, lead, and PON expression and the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment, which was given within 48 hours of delivery, and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, which were given at years 1 and 2.

Project 3

We will complete the examination inferred versus molecular PON1 haplotypes in our population. We have found that 20 of the 137 individuals showed different molecular haplotypes than the inferred haplotypes, a 15 percent disconcordancy, suggesting caution in the use of statistical inference for haplotypes. When the most probable predicted diplotype had a probability of 50-65 percent, 14 of 31 were discordant (45%). After additional analysis with paraxon as a substrate, a paper reporting these results will be prepared for publication.

The UGT2B7 promoters of our African American population will be resequenced. The UGT2B7 results will be compared to exposure measurements and with outcome measurements from Project 2.

The lipase/amylase data collection will continue. These data will be used to select individuals with varying lipase/amylase ratios for analysis of phthalate metabolism in collaboration with Dr. Dana Barr at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). We aim to have a large enough sample population to permit the HPLC-MS assays to be carried out in the next year. The goal is to establish an inexpensive biomarker assay to permit large population studies of human variation in phthalate metabolism. The long-term goal is to compare these biomarker results with exposure measurements and with outcome measurements from Project 2.


Journal Articles: 141 Displayed | Download in RIS Format

Other center views: All 306 publications 174 publications in selected types All 141 journal articles

Type Citation Sub Project Document Sources
Journal Article Anderson HA, Wolff MS. Environmental contaminants in human milk. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2000;10(Suppl 6):755-760. R831711 (2005)
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  • Abstract from PubMed
  • Journal Article Anderson HA, Wolff MS. Importance of environmental contaminants in human milk. Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 2000;10:1-6. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Anderson HA, Wolff MS. Introductory commentary: special fish contaminants issue. Environmental Research 2005;97(2):125-126. R831711 (2005)
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  • Full-text: Science Direct Full Text
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  • Journal Article Anderson HA, Wolff MS. Special fish contaminants issue. Environmental Research 2005;97(2):125-126 [introductory commentary]. R831711 (2004)
  • Full-text: Science Direct Full Text
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  • Abstract: Science Direct Abstract
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  • Journal Article Belogolovkin V, Engel SM, Ferrara L, Eddleman KA, Stone JL. Does placental location predict fetal birth-weight in diamniotic twins? Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 2007;26:187-191. R831711 (2007)
  • Full-text: Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine Full Text
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  • Journal Article Berkowitz GS, Wolff MS, Matte T, Susser E, Landrigan PJ. The rationale for a national prospective cohort study of environmental exposure and childhood development. Environmental Research 2001;85(2):59-68. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Berkowitz GS, Obel J, Deych E, Lapinski R, Godbold J, Liu Z, Landrigan PJ, Wolff MS. Exposure to indoor pesticides during pregnancy in a multiethnic, urban cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(1):79-84. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Berkowitz GS, Wetmur JG, Birman-Deych E, Obel J, Lapinski RH, Godbold JH, Holzman IR, Wolff MS. In utero pesticide exposure, maternal paraoxonase activity, and head circumference. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(3):388-391. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Bienenfeld LA, Golden AL, Garland EJ. Consumption of fish from polluted waters by WIC participants in east Harlem. Journal of Urban Health 2003;80:349-58. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Borrell LN, Factor-Litvak P, Wolff MS, Susser E, Matte TD. Effect of socioeconomic status on exposures to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) among pregnant African-American women. Archives of Environmental Health 2004;59(5):250-255. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Borrell LN, Factor-Litvak P, Wolff M, Susser E, et al. The effect of socioeconomic indicators on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (DDE) exposure in pregnant women. Archives of Environmental Health 2004;59(5):250-255. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Braganza SF, Galvez MP, Mencin AA, Ozuah PO. Weighing the appropriate uses of supplemental zinc. Contemporary Pediatrics 2006:23(7):66-74. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Braganza SF, Galvez MP, Mencin AA, Ozuah PO. Weighting the appropriate uses of supplemental zinc. Contemporary Pediatrics 2006;23(7):66-74. R831711 (2006)
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  • Full-text: Contemporary Pediatrics Full Text
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  • Journal Article Braganza SF, Galvez MP, Ozuah PO. When parents ask about diet therapy for ADHD. Contemporary Pediatrics 2006;23(5):47-49. R831711 (2005)
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  • Full-text: Contemporary Pediatrics Full Text
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  • Journal Article Brand SR, Engel SM, Canfield RL, Yehuda R. The effect of maternal ptsd following in utero trauma exposure on behavior and temperament in the 9-month old infant. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006;1071:454-454. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Brenner BL, Markowitz S, Rivera M, Romero H, Weeks M, Sanchez E, Deych E, Garg A, Godbold J, Wolff MS, Landrigan PJ, Berkowitz G. Integrated pest management in an urban community: a successful partnership for prevention. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(13):1649-1653. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Brenner B. Implementing a community intervention program for health promotion. Social Work in Health Care 2002;35(1-2):359-379. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Britton JA, Teitelbaum SL, Wolff MS. Correspondence re: Schoen et al., Lack of association between adipose tissue distribution, and insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in men and women. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2002;11:581-586 (letter to the editor). R831711 (2006)
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  • Full-text: Letter Full Text
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  • Journal Article Britton JA, Teitelbaum SL, Wolff MS. Letter to the Editor. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2002;11:581-586. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Britton JA, Wolff MS, Lapinski R, Forman J, Hochman S, Kabat GC, Godbold J, Larson S, Berkowitz GS. Characteristics of pubertal development in a multi-ethnic population of nine-year-old girls. Annals of Epidemiology 2004;14(3):179-187. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Carpenter DO, Chew FT, Damstra T, Lam LH, Landrigan PJ, Makalinao I, Peralta GL, Suk WA. Environmental threats to the health of children: the Asian perspective. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(10):989-992. R831711 (2005)
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  • Full-text: Environmental Health Perspectives Full Text
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  • Journal Article Chemtob CM, Conroy DL, Hochauser CJ, Laraque D, Banks J, Schmeidler J, Dela Cruz M, Nelsen WC, Landrigan PJ. Children who lost a parent as a result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001: registry construction and population description. Death Studies 2007;31(1):87-100. R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Chen A, Zhang J, Zhou L, Gao E, et al. DDT serum concentration and menstruation among young Chinese women. Environmental Research 2005;99(3):397-402 R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Chen J, Germer S, Higuchi R, Berkowitz G, Godbold J, Wetmur JG. Kinetic polymerase chain reaction on pooled DNA: a high-throughput, high-efficiency alternative in genetic epidemiological studies. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 2002;11(1):131-136. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Chen J, Kumar M, Chan W, Berkowitz G, Wetmur JG. Increased influence of genetic variation on PON1 activity in neonates. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(11):1403-1409. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Chen J, Chan W, Wallenstein S, Berkowitz G, Wetmur JG. Haplotype-phenotype relationships of paraoxonase-1. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 2005;14(3):731-734. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Claudio L, Torres T, Sanjurjo E, Sherman LR, Landrigan PJ. Environmental health sciences education—a tool for achieving environmental equity and protecting children. Environmental Health Perspectives 1998;106(Suppl 3):849-855. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Claudio L, Tulton L, Doucette J, Landrigan PJ. Socioeconomic factors and asthma hospitalization rates in New York City. Journal of Asthma 1999;36(4):343-350. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Claudio L, Stingone J. Disparities in use of urgent health care services among asthmatic children. Annals of Allergy Asthma Immunology 2006;97:244-250. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Claudio L, Stingone JA, Godbold J. Prevalence of childhood asthma in urban communities: the impact of ethnicity and income. Annals of Epidemiology 2006;16(5):332-340. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Claudio L, Stingone J. Improving sampling and response rates in school-based research through participatory methods. Journal of School Health 2008;78:445-451. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Cohn BC, Cirillo PM, Wolff MS, Schwingl PJ, et al. In utero DDT and DDE exposure may alter time to pregnancy in daughters 30 years later. Lancet 2003;361(9376):2205-2006. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Dunson DB, Herring AH, Engel SM. Bayesian selection and clustering of polymorphisms in functionally-related genes. Journal of the American Statistical Association 2007;103(482):534-546. R831711 (2007)
  • Full-text: Duke Full Text
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  • Journal Article Edwards ES, Green N, Henry CJ, Landrigan PJ, Swartz D. Tracking children’s health to age 21. Science 2003;302(5646):781 (letter). R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Engel SM, Olshan AF, Siega-Riz AM, Savitz DA, Chanock SJ. Polymorphisms in folate metabolizing genes and risk for spontaneous preterm and small-for-gestational age birth. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006;195(5):1231.e1-1231.e11. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Engel SM, Hertz-Picciotto I, Schramm M, Watt-Morse M. Recreational Physical Activity Practices Before and During Pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology 2006. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Engel SM, Levy B, Liu Z, Kaplan D, Wolff MS. Xenobiotic phenols in early pregnancy amniotic fluid. Reproductive Toxicology 2006;21(1):110-112. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Engel S, Berkowitz G, Barr DB, Teitelbaum SL, Siskind J, Meisel SJ, Wetmur JG, Wolff MS. Prenatal exposure to organophosphates and organochlorines and performance on the Brazelton neonatal behavioral assessment scale in a multiethnic pregnancy cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology 2007;165:1397-1404. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Eskenazi B, Landrigan PJ. Environmental Health Perspectives and children’s environmental health. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(10):A559-A560 (editorial). R831711 (2006)
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  • Journal Article Eskenazi B, Landrigan PJ. Environmental Health Perspects and children’s environmental health. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110:721-728. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Eskenazi B, Gladstone EA, Berkowitz GS, Drew CH, Faustman EM, Holland NT, Lanphear B, Meisel SJ, Perera FP, Rauh VA, Sweeney A, Whyatt RM, Yolton K. Methodologic and logistic issues in conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies: lessons learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):1419-1429. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Eskenazi B, Gladstone EA, Berkowitz GS, Drew CH, Faustman EM, Holland NT, Lanphear B, Meisel SJ, Perera FP, Rauh VA, Sweeney A, Whyatt RM, Yolton K. Methodological issues in conducting longitudinal birth cohort studies: lessons learned from the Centers for Children’s Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):1419-1429. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Etzel RA, Balk SJ, Reigart JR, Landrigan PJ. Environmental health for practicing pediatricians. Indian Pediatrics 2003;40(9):853-860. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Etzel RA, Crain EF, Gitterman BA, Oberg C, Scheidt P, Landrigan PJ. Pediatric environmental health competencies for specialists. Ambulatory Pediatrics 2003;3(1):60-63. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Fenske RA, Bradman A, Whyatt RM, Wolff MS, Barr DB. Lessons learned for the assessment of children’s pesticide exposure: critical sampling and analytical issues for future studies. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):1455-1462. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Fewtrell LJ, Pruss-Ustun A, Landrigan P, Ayuso-Mateos JL. Estimating the global burden of disease of mild mental retardation and cardiovascular diseases from environmental lead exposure. Environmental Research 2004;94(2):120-133. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Flores G, Fuentes-Afflick E, Barbot O, Carter-Pokras O, Claudio L, Lara M, McLaurin JA, Pachter L, Ramos-Gomez FJ, Mendoza F, Valdez RB, Villarruel AM, Zambrana RE, Greenberg R, Weitzman M. The health of Latino children:urgent priorities, unanswered questions, and a research agenda. JAMA 2002;288(1):82-90. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Forman J, Moline J, Cernichiari E, Sayegh S, Torres JC, Landrigan MM, Hudson J, Adel HN, Landrigan PJ. A cluster of pediatric metallic mercury exposure cases treated with meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA). Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(6):575-577. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Galvez MP, Frieden TR, Landrigan PJ. Obesity in the 21st century. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(13):A684-A685 (editorial). R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Galvez MP, Peters R, Graber N, Forman J. Effective risk communication in children’s environmental health: lessons learned from 9/11. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2007;54(1):33-46. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Galvez MP, Morland K, Raines C, Kobil J, Siskind J, Godbold J, Brenner B, Godbold J. Race and food store availability in an inner city neighborhood. Public Health Nutrition 2008;11(6):624-631. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Galvez M, Vanable L, Forman JA, Landrigan PJ, Akeredolu E, Leighton J, Nagin D. Childhood lead poisoning from commercially manufactured French ceramic dinnerware-New York City, 2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports 2004;53(26):584-586. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Garg A, Landrigan PJ. Children’s environmental health: new gains in science and policy. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2002;584(1):135-144. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Garg A, Landrigan PJ. Children’s environmental health: new gains in science and policy. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2002;584:135-144. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Goldman L, Falk H, Landrigan PJ, Balk SJ, Reigart JR, Etzel RA. Environmental pediatrics and its impact on government health policy. Pediatrics 2004;113(Suppl 4):1146-1157. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Gore AC. Environmental toxicant effects on neuroendocrine function. Endocrine 2001;14(2):235-246. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Gore AC, Wu TJ, Oung T, Lee JB, Woller MJ. A novel mechanism for endocrine-disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls: direct effects on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurones. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2002;14(10):814-823. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Gore AC. Organochlorine pesticides directly regulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression and biosynthesis in the GT1-7 hypothalamic cell line. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2002;192(1-2):157-170. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Grandjean P, Landrigan PJ. Developmental neurotoxicity of industrial chemicals. Lancet 2006;368:2167-78. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Israel BA, Parker EA, Rowe Z, Salvatore A, Minkler M, Lopez J, Butz A, Mosley A, Coates L, Lambert G, Potito PA, Brenner B, Rivera M, Romero H, Thompson B, Coronado G, Halstead S. Community-based participatory research: lessons learned from the Centers for Children's Environmental Health and Disease Prevention Research. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):1463-1471. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Kadlubar FF, Berkowitz GS, Delongchamp RR, Wang C, Green BL, Tang G, Lamba J, Schuetz E, Wolff MS. The CYP3A4*1B variant is related to the onset of puberty, a known risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention 2003;12(4):327-331. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Kriegsfeld LJ, Silver R, Gore AC, Crews D. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide contacts on gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurones increase following puberty in female rats. Journal of Neuroendocrinology 2002;14(9):685-690. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Lamb MR, Taylor S, Liu X, Wolff MS, Borrell L, Matte TD, Susser ES, Factor-Litvak P. Prenatal exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and postnatal growth: a structural analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2006;114(5):779-785. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Lambertini L, Diplas AI, Lee MJ, Sperling R, Chen J, Wetmur J. A sensitive functional assay reveals frequent loss of genomic imprinting in human placenta. Epigenetics 2008;3(5). R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Suk WA, Amler RW. Chemical wastes, children's health, and the Superfund Basic Research Program. Environmental Health Perspectives 1999;107(6):423-427. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Claudio L, Markowitz SB, Berkowitz GS, Brenner BL, Romero H, Wetmur JG, Matte TD, Gore AC, Godbold JH, Wolff MS. Pesticides and inner-city children: exposures, risks, and prevention. Environmental Health Perspectives 1999;107(Suppl 3):431-437. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Risk assessment for children and other sensitive populations. In: Uncertainty in the Risk Assessment of Environmental and Occupational Hazards: An International Workshop. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1999;895(1):1-9. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Pediatric lead poisoning: is there a threshold? Public Health Reports 2000;115(6):530-531. R831711 (2006)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Children’s environmental health: lessons from the past and prospects for the future. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2001;48(5):1319-1330. R831711 (2006)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Children's environmental health. Lessons from the past and prospects for the future. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2001;48(5):1319-1330. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): an analysis of the evidence that they impair children’s neurobehavioral development. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 2001;73(1):11-17. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Pesticides, PCBs, and the Risk to Children. Contemporary Pediatrics 2001;18(2):110-126. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Sonawane B, Mattison D, McCally M, Garg A. Chemical contaminants in breast milk and their impacts on children’s health: an overview. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(6):A313-A315. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Garg A. Chronic effects of toxic environmental exposures on children's health. Clinical Toxicology 2002;40(4):449-456. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Schechter CB, Lipton JM, Fahs MC, Schwartz J. Environmental pollutants and disease in American children: estimates of morbidity, mortality, and costs for lead poisoning, asthma, cancer, and developmental disabilities. Environmental Health Perspectives 2002;110(7):721-728. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. The worldwide problem of lead in petrol. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2002;80(10):768 (editorial). R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Kimmel CA, Correa A, Eskenazi B. Children’s health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;112:257-265. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Slutsky J. Are Learning Disabilities Linked to Environmental Toxins? Journal of Learning Disabilities 2004;15:7-12. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Children as a vulnerable population. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2004;17(1):175-177. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Kimmel CA, Correa A, Eskenazi B. Children’s health and the environment: public health issues and challenges for risk assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(2):257-265. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Environmental factors and pediatric disease: new developments in research and education. Journal of San Francisco Medical Society 2004;77(4):18-19, 26. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Newman B. Children and other high-risk workers as a special challenge to occupational health services. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health 2005;(1):43-45. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Tamburlini G. Children’s health and the environment: a transatlantic dialogue. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):A646-A647 (editorial). R831711 (2006)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Tamburlini G. Children's health and the environment: a transatlantic dialogue. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(10):A646-A647. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Sonawane B, Butler RN, Trasande L, Callan R, Droller D. Early environmental origins of neurodegenerative disease in later life. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113:1230-1233. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Sonawane B, Butler RN, Trasande L, Callan R, Droller D. Early environmental origins of neurodegenerative disease in later life. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(9):1230-1233. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Environmental exposures and children’s health challenges. Zero to Three 2005;26:8-10. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ.Environmental threats to children’s health – the promise of the National Children’s Study. New England College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (NECOEM Reporter) 2005;2:1-2. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Trasande L. More kids chronically ill. Poughkeepsie Journal 2005. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ. Environmental pediatrics and the ecological imperative. EcoHealth 2006;3(2):75-76. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Trasande L, Thorpe LE, Gwynn C, Lioy PJ, D’Alton ME, Lipkind HS, Swanson J, Wadhwa PD, Clark EB, Rauh VA, Perera FP, Susser E. The National Children’s Study: a 21-year prospective study of 100,000 American children. Pediatrics 2006;118(5):2173-2186. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Woolf AD, Gitterman B, Lanphear B, Forman J, Karr C, Moshier EL, Godbold J, Crain E. The Ambulatory Pediatric Association Fellowship in Pediatric Environmental Health: a five-year assessment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(110):1383-1387. R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Trasande L, Swanson JM. Genetics, altruism and the National Children’s Study. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 2008;146A:294-296. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Landrigan PJ, Forman J, Galvez M, Newman B, Engel SM, Chemtob C. Impact of September 11 World Trade Center disaster on children and pregnant women. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 2008;75:129-134. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Landrigan P, Garg A, Droller DBJ. Assessing the effects of endocrine disruptors in the National Children’s Study. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(13):1678-1682. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Liu Z, Wolff MS, Moline J. Analysis of environmental biomarkers in urine using an electrochemical detector. Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences 2005;819:155-159. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Longnecker MP, Wolff MS, Gladen BC, Brock JW, Granjean P, Jacobson JL, Korrick SA, Rogan WJ, Weisglas-Kuperus N, Herz-Picciotto I, Ayotte P, Stewart P, Winneke G, Charles MJ, Jacobson SW, Dewailly E, Boersma ER, Altshul LM, Heinzow B, Pagano JJ, Jensen AA. Comparison of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) levels across studies of human neurodevelopment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(1):65-70. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Magdo HS, Forman J, Graber N, Newman B, Klein K, Satlin L, Amler RW, Winston JA, Landrigan PJ. Grand rounds: nephrotoxicity in a young child exposed to uranium from contaminated well water. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(8):1237-1241. R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Needleman HL, Landrigan PJ. What level of lead in blood is toxic for a child? American Journal of Public Health 2004;94(1):8 (letter). R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Pirisi A. Profile: Philip Landrigan: Children’s Health Crusader. Lancet 2005;365:1281-1360. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Salama J, Chakraborty TR, Ng L, Gore AC. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on estrogen receptor-β expression in the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;110(10):1278-1282. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Sarcinelli PN, Pereira AC, Mesquita SA, Oliveira-Silva JJ, et al. Dietary and reproductive determinants of plasma organochlorine levels in pregnant women in Rio de Janeiro. Environmental Research 2003;91(3):143-150. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Savitz DA, Ananth CV, Berkowitz GS, Lapinski R. Concordance among measures of pregnancy outcome based on fetal size and duration of gestation. American Journal of Epidemiology 2000;151(6):627-633. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Stingone JA, Claudio L. Asthma and enrollment in special education among urban schoolchildren. American Journal of Public Health 2006;96(9):1593-1598. (Awarded Best Paper at American Public Health Association Conference, Philadelphia, PA, December 10-14, 2005.) R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Stingone JA, Claudio L. Disparities in the use of urgent health care services among asthmatic children. Annals of Allergy Asthma & Immunology 2006;97(2):244-250. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Stingone J, Claudio L. Disparities in allergy testing and health outcomes among urban children with asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008;122(4):748-753. R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Suk WA, Ruchirawat KM, Balakrishnan K, Berger M, Carpenter D, Damstra T, deGarbino JP, Koh D, Landrigan PJ, Makalinao I, Sly PD, Xu Y, Zheng BS. Environmental threats to children’s health in Southeast Asia and the western Pacific. Environmental Health Perspectives 2003;111(10):1340-1347. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Susser EB, Brown A, Matte TD. Prenatal factors and adult mental and physical health. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 1999;44(4):326-334. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Susser E, Matte TD. Early antecedents of adult health. Journal of Urban Health 1998;75(2):236-241. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Susser E, Terry MB, Matte T. The birth cohorts grow up: new opportunities for epidemiology. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology 2000;14(2):98-100. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Teitelbaum SL, Britton JA, Calafat AM, Ye X, Silva MJ, Reidy JA, Galvez MP, Brenner BL, Wolff MS. Temporal variability in urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites, phytoestrogens and phenols among minority children in the United States. Environmental Research 2008;106(2):257-269. R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Torres-Arreola L, Berkowitz G, Torres-Sánchez L, López-Cervantes M, Cebrian ME, Uribe M, López-Carrillo L. Preterm birth in relation to maternal organochlorine serum levels. Annals of Epidemiology 2003;13(3):158-162. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Trasande L, Landrigan PJ. The National Children’s Study: a critical national investment. Environmental Health Perspectives 2004;112(14):A789-A790 (editorial). R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Trasande L, Schechter C, Landrigan PJ. Public health and economic consequences of environmental methylmercury toxicity to the developing brain. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(5):590-596. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Trasande L, Schechter CB, Haynes KA, Landrigan PJ. Mental retardation and prenatal methylmercury toxicity. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 2006;49:153-158. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Trasande L, Schapiro ML, Falk R, Haynes KA, Behrmann A, Vohmann M, Stremski ES, Eisenberg C, Evenstad C, Anderson HA, Landrigan PJ. Pediatrician attitudes, clinical activities, and knowledge of environmental health in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Medical Journal 2006;105(2):45-49. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Trasande L, Cronk CE, Leuthner SR, Hewitt JB, Durkin MS, McElroy JA, Anderson HA, Landrigan PJ. The National Children’s Study and the children of Wisconsin. Wisconsin Medical Journal 2006;105(2):50-54. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Trasande L, Boscarino J, Graber N, Falk R, Schechter C, Galvez M, Dunkel G, Geslani J, Moline J, Kaplan-Liss E, Miller RK, Korfmacher K, Carpenter D, Forman J, Balk SJ, Laraque D, Frumkin H, Landrigan P. The environment in pediatric practice: a study of New York pediatricians' attitudes, beliefs, and practices towards children's environmental health. Journal of Urban Health 2006;83(4):760-772. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Trasande L, Landrigan PJ, Schechter CB, Bopp RF. Methylmercury and the developing brain. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(8):A396-A397. R831711 (2007)
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  • Journal Article Wallenstein S, Chen J, Wetmur JG. Comparison of statistical models for analyzing genotype, inferred haplotype, and molecular haplotype data. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism 2006;89(3):270-273. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Weiss B, Landrigan PJ. The developing brain and the environment: an introduction. Environmental Health Perspectives 2000;108(Suppl 3):373-374. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Wetmur JG, Kumar M, Zhang L, Palomeque C, Wallenstein S, Chen J. Molecular haplotyping by linking emulsion PCR: analysis of paraoxonase 1 haplotypes and phenotypes. Nucleic Acids Research 2005;33(8):2615-2619. R831711 (2005)
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  • Full-text: Oxford Journals Full Text
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Anderson HA. Body mass and serum levels of organochlorines. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1999;8:951-952. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Wolff MS, Anderson HA. Correspondence re: J.M. Schildkraut et al., Environmental contaminants and body fat distribution. Cancer Epidemiol. Biomark. Prev. 8: 179-183, 1999. Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 1999;8(10):951-952 (letter). R831711 (2006)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS. Half-life of organochlorines (OCs) in humans. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 1999;36:504 (letter). R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Landrigan PJ. Organochlorine chemicals and children’s health. The Journal of Pediatrics 2002;140(1):10-13. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Britton JA, Wilson VP. Environmental risk factors for breast cancer among African-American women. Cancer 2003;97(1 Suppl):289-310. R831711 (2005)
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    Journal Article Wolff MS, Teitelbaum SL, Lioy PJ, Santella RM, Wang RY, Jones RL, Caldwell KL, Sjodin A, Turner WE, Li W, Georgopoulos P, Berkowitz GS. Exposures among pregnant women near the World Trade Center site on 11 September 2001. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(6):739-748. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Deych E, Ojo F, Berkowitz GS. Predictors of organochlorines in New York City pregnant women, 1998-2001. Environmental Research 2005;97(2):170-177. R831711 (2004)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Britton JA, Russo J. TCDD and puberty in girls. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005;113(1):A17;author reply A18. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS. Endocrine disruptors: challenges for environmental research in the 21st century. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 2006;1076:228-238. R831711 (2006)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Teitelbaum SL, Windham G, Pinney SM, Britton JA, Chelimo C, Godbold J, Biro F, Kushi LH, Pfeiffer CM, Calafat AM. Pilot study of urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols in girls. Environmental Health Perspectives 2007;115(1):116-121. R831711 (2005)
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Engel S, Berkowitz G, Teitelbaum S, Siskind J, Barr DB, Wetmur J. Prenatal pesticide and PCB exposures and birth outcomes. Pediatric Research 2007;61(2):243-250. R831711 (2005)
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  • Full-text: Pediatric Research Full-text
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  • Journal Article Wolff MS, Britton JA, Boguski L, Hochman S, Maloney N, Serra N, Liu Z, Berkowitz G, Larson S, Forman J. Environmental exposures and puberty in inner-city girls. Environmental Research 2008;107:393-400. R831711 (2007)
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    Journal Article Wolff MS, Engel SM, Berkowitz G, Zhu C, Wetmur J, Calafat AI. Prenatal phenol and phthalate exposures and birth outcomes. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116:1092–1097. R831711 (2007)
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  • Supplemental Keywords:

    lipase, paraoxonase, fast food, obesity, endocrine disruptors, EDCs, neurodevelopment, PCBs, DDT, DDE, pesticides, lead, GIS, children, children’s health, , POLLUTANTS/TOXICS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, Endocrine Disruptors - Environmental Exposure & Risk, Risk Assessment, Health Risk Assessment, endocrine disruptors, Chemicals, Children's Health, Biochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Endocrine Disruptors - Human Health, neurodevelopmental toxicity, endocrine disrupting chemicals, children's environmental health, childhood development, exposure pathways, pesticide exposure, environmental health, phthalates, phtalates, pesticides, children's vulnerablity, exposure studies
    Relevant Websites:

    http://www.mssm.edu/cpm/dept_research.shtml exit EPA

    Progress and Final Reports:
    2004 Progress Report
    Original Abstract
    2006 Progress Report
    2007 Progress Report

    Subprojects under this Center: (EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
    R831711C001 Growing Up Healthy in East Harlem (Community-Based Participatory Research)
    R831711C002 Pesticides, Endocrine Disruptors, Childhood Growth and Development (Birth Cohort)
    R831711C003 Genetics of Phthalate and Bisphenol A Risk in Minority Populations (Individual Susceptibility)

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    The perspectives, information and conclusions conveyed in research project abstracts, progress reports, final reports, journal abstracts and journal publications convey the viewpoints of the principal investigator and may not represent the views and policies of ORD and EPA. Conclusions drawn by the principal investigators have not been reviewed by the Agency.


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