WAIS Document Retrieval[Style Manual] [From the U.S. Government Printing Office via GPO Access] [DOCID:chapter_txt-21] [Page 313-326] [[Page 313]] INDEX ---------------------- [Numbers in parentheses refer to rules; italic indicates exact terminology; bold indicates chapter heading] A Abbreviations and letter symbols (9.1-9.63)......................147-170 Addresses: Correspondence (16.3, 16.9-16.16).......................217, 219-220 Ordinals (12.10).................................................185 signatures, lists of names (9.37, 16.3).....................152, 217 street (9.16-9.19, 13.6)................................149-150, 191 article, section (9.39)............................................153 Calendar divisions (9.44-9.46, 13.5)..........................154, 191 Closed up, with periods (9.7)......................................147 College degrees (9.32, 9.35-9.36).............................152, 153 Comma before and after (8.39)......................................131 Company, etc. (9.25)...............................................150 Not abbreviated (9.26)...........................................151 Congressional terms (9.30, 9.41-9.43, 13.11)..............152-154, 191 Dates (9.44-9.47, 13.5).......................................154, 191 et al., etc. (3.53, 8.59)......................................33, 133 Figure, not abbreviated (9.40).....................................153 Foreign countries (9.11)...........................................148 Geographic terms (9.9-9.15)....................................148-149 Land descriptions (9.20-9.22, 13.9)...........................150, 191 Latin (9.63, 11.3)............................................168, 177 Lists (9.61-9.63)..............................................158-170 Measures, weights, etc. (9.5, 9.50-9.59)..................147, 155-157 Metric (9.56-9.57).............................................156-157 Money (9.60, 12.9k)...........................................157, 184 Foreign..........................................................236 Numerals used with (9.5, 9.51, 13.4).....................147, 155, 191 Organized bodies (9.8).............................................148 Parts of publications (9.38-9.40, 13.10)......................153, 191 Period used (8.103-8.114)......................................139-140 Not used (8.115-8.123)...........................................141 Preparing copy (2.21-2.24)..........................................11 Provinces, etc. (9.15).............................................149 Senator, Representative (9.30).....................................152 States (9.12-9.13).............................................148-149 Tabular work (13.4-13.13)......................................191-192 Territories and possessions (9.14).................................149 Time zones (9.47)..................................................154 Titles, civil and military (9.29)..................................151 U.S.: Before Government or Government organization (9.9, 3.7).....148, 191 As adjective (9.10, 13.7).................................148, 191 Vessels (9.27, 11.6)..........................................151, 177 able, words ending in (5.11)..........................................70 Accents: Anglicized and foreign words (5.3-5.4)...........................67-68 Geographic names (5.20-5.21)........................................72 List (10.18-10.19).............................................174-176 Acronyms, coined words and symbols (9.48)............................155 Plurals (8.11, 8.13)...............................................127 Adjectives: Capitalization (3.5-3.6)............................................33 Nationalities......................................................233 Adverbs: Ending in ly (6.20).................................................78 Advice to authors and editors (1.1-1.23).............................1-6 Agricultural weights and measures....................................240 Allmark (2.103-2.104, 2.112, 2.117)...............................19, 20 American National Standards Institute (ANSI)........................2, 3 Ampersand (&): Comma omitted before (8.56)........................................133 Firm names (9.25)..................................................150 Index entries (15.27)..............................................214 Anglicized foreign words (5.3-5.4)....................................67 anyone, any one (6.12)................................................76 Apostrophes and possessives (8.3-8.18)...........................125-128 Abbreviations (8.11-8.12)..........................................127 Authentic form in names to be followed (8.6).......................126 Coined plurals (8.11)..............................................127 Contractions (8.11)................................................127 Possessive (8.3-8.8, 8.10).....................................125-126 Pronouns (8.8-8.9).................................................126 Spelled-out words (8.13)...........................................127 Appellations (3.31)...................................................29 appendix: Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Footnote numbering (15.2)..........................................211 Part of book (2.3m).................................................10 [[Page 314]] Plural form (5.10)..................................................69 Area: Abbreviations (9.56, 9.58)....................................156, 157 Metric equivalents.................................................239 article: Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Capitalization (3.11-3.12, 3.49)................................25, 33 Caps and small caps (9.39).........................................153 Not abbreviated (9.40).............................................153 Assembly: Legislative.........................................................50 United Nations (3.17)...........................................26, 60 association (9.25)...............................................37, 150 Asterisk(s): Ellipses (8.77)....................................................136 Footnote reference (13.68-13.69, 15.13-15.14, 15.17)..........198, 212 Astronomical: Bodies, capitalization (3.30).......................................29 Time (12.9b).......................................................182 Astrophysical abbreviations (9.59)...................................157 Atomic numbers, etc. (10.16).........................................173 B Backstrips, run down (2.20)...........................................11 Base lines and meridians.............................................227 basin.................................................................48 B.C. (9.61, 12.9c)..............................................158, 183 Bible, etc. (3.33)................................................29, 38 Bibliography: Footnote numbering (15.2)..........................................211 Government publications (1.22).......................................2 Part of book (2.31).................................................10 References (2.130, 8.29, 8.58)............................22, 130, 133 Bill style (2.41).....................................................14 Blank pages, avoid more than two (1.16)................................2 Board on Geographic Names (5.20, 5.21)................................72 Boldface: Page numbers, contents (15.30).....................................214 Punctuation (8.150)................................................145 Braces: Equations (10.14)....................................................172 Brackets (8.19-8.22).............................................128-129 Dates abbreviated in (9.45)........................................154 Emphasis added, etc. (8.19)........................................128 Equations (8.21, 10.14).......................................129, 172 Headnotes (13.88-13.89)............................................200 More than one paragraph (8.22).....................................129 Type (8.150).......................................................145 Bylines in parentheses (8.101).......................................139 C Calendar divisions: Abbreviations (9.44-9.46, 13.5)...............................154, 191 Capitalization (3.23)...............................................28 called, so-called (8.128)............................................142 Capacity: Abbreviations (9.56, 9.58)....................................156, 157 Metric equivalents.................................................239 Capitalization rules (3.1-3.57)....................................23-34 Addresses, salutations, and signatures (3.55, 16.2)............34, 217 Articles, definite (3.11-3.12)......................................25 Calendar divisions (3.23)...........................................28 Common nouns and adjectives (3.5-3.9)............................23-24 Continued (13.37)..................................................195 Countries, domains (3.19-3.20)......................................27 Fanciful appellations (3.31)........................................29 Firm names..........................................................46 First words (3.42-3.45)..........................................31-32 Heads, center and side (3.46-3.54)...............................32-33 Historic and documentary work (3.57)................................34 Historic events (3.24)..............................................28 Holidays, etc. (3.24)...............................................28 Interjections (3.56)................................................34 Organized bodies (3.17-3.18).....................................26-27 Particles (3.13-3.16)............................................25-26 Proper names (3.2)..................................................23 Derivatives (3.3, 3.4)............................................23 Religious terms (3.33)...........................................29-30 Scientific names (3.26-3.30)........................................29 Soil names (3.29)...................................................29 Titles: Persons (3.34-3.37)............................................30-31 Publications, etc. (3.38-3.41) 31 Trade names and trademarks (3.25)...................................28 Capitalization examples............................................35-62 Capitals, foreign....................................................228 Caps and small caps: Abbreviation (9.61)................................................158 article, section (9.39)............................................153 Capitalization, in heads (3.46, 3.49, 3.51-3.54)................32, 33 Congressional work.................................................297 Datelines, addresses, and signatures (9.37, 16.3).............152, 217 Figure (2.71, 8.112)...........................................16, 140 Heads spaced with regular justification spaces (2.50)...............14 Note (8.107, 13.53)...........................................139, 197 Quotation marks in (11.10).........................................178 Use of in hearings (8.19)..........................................128 Vessel names (11.6)................................................177 Celsius (9.53, 9.62)............................................155, 164 Centerheads. (See Heads, center and side.) Chair (3.32)......................................................29, 40 Chairman (3.35)...................................................30, 40 chapter: Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Alignment, in contents (15.28).....................................214 Capitalization (3.9)............................................24, 40 Chemical: Elements: Abbreviations (10.16)............................................173 Atomic numbers, etc. (10.16) 173 Compounding (6.43)................................................82 List (10.16).....................................................173 Numerals (6.43, 10.16).......................................82, 173 Symbols (10.16)..................................................173 Formulas (6.44, 12.15).........................................82, 186 [[Page 315]] Symbols: Preparing copy (2.33-2.34)........................................13 Set in roman (10.16).............................................173 church (3.33).....................................................29, 40 and state (3.19)................................................27, 40 Ciphers: Leaderwork (14.7-14.8).............................................208 Numerals (12.9d)...................................................183 Tabular work (13.29-13.36).....................................194-195 Citations: Abbreviations (9.42, 9.43, 9.45)...............................153-154 Biblical, etc. (8.28)..............................................130 Italic (11.3, 11.8)...........................................177, 178 Punctuation (8.96, 8.97)...........................................138 Civil and military titles: Abbreviations (9.29-9.37)......................................151-153 Capitalization (3.34-3.37).......................................30-31 Plurals (5.8).......................................................68 coast (3.22)......................................................28, 40 Code (3.38).......................................................31, 40 Colon (8.23-8.33)................................................129-130 Affecting use of numerals (12.8)...................................182 After salutations (8.25, 16.15)...............................129, 220 Biblical and bibliographic citations (8.28, 8.29, 12.7).......130, 182 Capitalization following (3.42, 3.44, 8.24, 8.25)..........31, 32, 129 Ratio (8.31, 8.32).................................................130 Subentries (8.27, 14.15)......................................129, 208 Colony (3.19).....................................................27, 41 Combining forms (6.29-6.35)........................................80-81 Comma (8.34-8.49)................................................130-132 Chemical formulas (6.44)............................................82 Compound sentences (8.43)..........................................131 Omitted (8.50-8.59)............................................132-133 Semicolon, used with (8.145).......................................144 commandant (9.30)....................................................152 Commander in Chief (3.35).............................................30 Compounding (6.40)..................................................82 Plural (5.8)........................................................68 Commission (3.17).................................................26, 41 Committee.............................................................41 Company: Abbreviation (9.25-9.26).......................................150-151 Ampersand with (9.25)..............................................150 List................................................................46 Compass directions: Abbreviations (9.50)...............................................155 Capitalization (3.22)...............................................28 Compound words (6.14)...............................................77 Land description (9.21)............................................150 Compounding examples (7.1-7.14)...................................85-124 Compounding rules (6.1-6.52).......................................75-84 Chemical terms (6.42-6.44)..........................................82 Civil and military titles (6.40-6.41)...............................82 Fractions (6.38, 12.26-12.28)..................................81, 188 General rules (6.4-6.7)..........................................75-76 Improvised compounds (6.46-6.52)....................................83 Numerical compounds (6.36-6.39, 12.9o)......................81-82, 184 Prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms (6.29-6.35)..............80-81 Short prefixes (6.7)..............................................76 Scientific and technical terms (6.42-6.45)..........................82 Solid compounds (6.8-6.14).......................................76-77 Unit modifiers (6.15-6.28).......................................77-80 Units of measurement (6.45).........................................82 Congressional: Abbreviations (9.41-9.43, 13.11)..........................153-154, 191 Capitalization (3.17)...............................................26 Ordinals (12.10-12.13).............................................185 Congressional Record.............................................257-296 Addresses and signatures...........................................267 Call of the House..................................................266 Capitalization.....................................................258 Caps and small caps................................................261 Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union........264, 281 Credits............................................................268 Extensions of Remarks.........................................270, 284 Extracts...........................................................269 Figures............................................................259 Forms of titles....................................................266 General rules......................................................257 Index..............................................................288 Miscellaneous......................................................260 Parentheses and brackets...........................................263 Poetry.............................................................268 Proceedings: House............................................................279 Senate...........................................................271 Punctuation........................................................262 Speech heads.......................................................270 Tabular matter.....................................................259 Voting: House and Committee of the Whole.................................264 Pairs............................................................266 Yeas and nays....................................................265 Congressional work: Back title.........................................................309 Cover and title pages.........................................307, 308 Reports and hearings...............................................297 Consonants: a, an, before (5.16-5.19)...........................................72 Doubled (5.14, 5.15)............................................71, 72 Hyphen, to avoid tripling (6.7).....................................76 Contents (15.20-15.30)...........................................212-214 Part of book (2.3i, 2.12).......................................10, 11 Type (15.28-15.30).................................................214 Contractions: Apostrophe to indicate (8.11, 8.12)....................127 Copy (see also Preparing copy): Blank pages, avoid more than two (1.16)..............................2 Corrections marked (1.20-1.21).......................................2 Covers to be indicated (1.14)........................................2 Fold-ins, avoid use of (1.15)........................................2 Folioing looseleaf or perforated work (1.13).........................1 Follow Style Manual (1.1)............................................1 Footnote references (1.8)............................................1 Illustrations: Instructions (1.9).................................................1 [[Page 316]] Position (1.9).....................................................1 Separate sheets (1.9)..............................................1 Legible (1.3)........................................................1 Numbering (1.4)......................................................1 Paper stock (1.17)...................................................2 Paragraph, begin with (1.5)..........................................1 Proofreader's marks (1.23)...........................................4 Proper names, signatures, etc., plainly marked (1.6).................1 Reprint, in duplicate (1.4)..........................................1 Style sheets furnished (1.12)........................................1 Trim size (1.12, 1.18)............................................1, 2 Typewritten, one side only (1.4).....................................1 Corrections: Author's (1.20-1.21).................................................2 Proofreading (2.79-2.80)............................................17 Counties and geographic divisions................................243-256 Cover: Kind, to be indicated (1.14, 2.5)...........................2, 10 Crown (3.35)......................................................30, 43 D Dagger (13.69, 15.14)...........................................198, 212 Dash (8.60-8.75).................................................133-135 Em dash (8.60-8.70)............................................133-134 En dash (8.72-8.75)................................................135 Figures, letters, or figures and letters (8.72-8.73, 9.8, 12.7)...........................................135, 148, 182 Not to be used for and (8.75)................................... 135 Not to be used for to (8.74, 13.111)........................135, 202 Proportion (8.32)..................................................130 Date columns. (See Tabular work.) Datelines, addresses, and signatures (16.1-16.28)................217-224 Dates: Abbreviations (9.44-9.45, 13.5)...............................154, 191 A.D., B.C. (8.52, 12.9c)......................................132, 183 Commas with (8.49, 8.52, 12.9c)...............................132, 183 En dash (8.73-8.75, 12.9c)....................................135, 183 Ordinals in (12.10, 12.19)....................................185, 186 Roman numerals (12.29).............................................189 Tabular work (13.5)................................................191 Days: Abbreviations (9.46)...............................................154 Holidays, etc. (3.24)...............................................28 Decimals: Alignment (2.27, 13.31)........................................12, 195 Ciphers with (13.29-13.33).........................................194 Comma omitted (8.54)...............................................133 Used with numerals (12.9d).........................................183 Decorations, medals, etc..............................................43 Decree: Executive.......................................................43, 45 Royal (3.38)................................................31, 43, 56 Degree mark: Repeated (10.6)....................................................171 Spacing (12.9f)....................................................183 With figures (9.50-9.51, 9.53, 10.6, 12.9f)..............155, 171, 183 Degrees (scholastic, etc.): Abbreviations (9.32, 9.33, 9.35-9.36)..............................152 Closed up (9.7)..................................................147 Capitalization (9.36)..............................................152 Sequence of (9.35).................................................152 Deity, words denoting (3.33)......................................29, 43 Derivatives: Compounds (6.6).....................................................75 Proper names (3.3-3.4)..............................................23 Scientific names (3.26-3.29)........................................29 Devil, etc. (3.33)....................................................29 diseases and related terms............................................44 do. (ditto): Leaderwork (14.4, 14.6).......................................207, 208 Tabular work (13.41-13.50).........................................196 dollar: Abbreviation (9.60)................................................157 Leaderwork (14.7-14.8).............................................208 Mark (9.60, 12.9k)............................................157, 184 Repeated (10.6)..................................................171 Tabular work (13.51-13.56).........................................197 Dr.(9.29, 9.33).................................................151, 152 Not used with other titles (9.33)..................................152 E Earth (3.30)......................................................29, 45 Editorial marks (illustration).........................................4 Editors and authors, suggestions (1.1-1.23)..........................1-5 Ellipses (8.77-8.82).................................................136 Emphasis, italic not used (11.2) 177 Emphasis added, etc. (11.4)..........................................177 Equations (10.8-10.15)...............................................172 Esq.: Abbreviation (9.32, 9.33, 9.37)...........................152, 153 etc., et cetera (2.28)................................................12 et seq. (11.3).......................................................177 Even space after sentences (2.49) 14 everyone, every one (6.12).........................................76-77 Exclamation point (8.83-8.85)....................................136-137 Extracts: Footnotes (15.8)...................................................211 Quotation marks omitted (2.24) 11 F Fahrenheit (9.53)....................................................155 False title (2.3b).....................................................9 FIC & punc. (2.38)..........................................13, 257, 297 figure (2.71, 3.9)................................................16, 24 Not abbreviated (9.40).............................................153 Period not used at end (8.112) 140 Figures. (See Numerals.) Firm names. (See Company.) First words capitalized (3.42-3.45)................................31-32 Flush heads. (See Heads, center and side.) ``Fol.,'' ``Fol. lit.,'' etc. (2.38)..................................13 Fold-ins, oversize, avoided (1.15).....................................2 Footnotes, indexes, contents, and outlines (15.1-15.31)..........211-216 Leaderwork (14.11-14.13)...........................................208 [[Page 317]] References: Comma not used (8.50, 15.19)................................132, 212 Follow punctuation (15.18).......................................212 Footnote added (2.97).............................................18 Eliminated (2.110g).............................................18 Run across (1.8, 13.71).......................................1, 198 Sequence (15.14).................................................212 Superior figures (13.67, 15.12).............................198, 212 Tabular work (13.66-13.85).....................................198-199 Text (15.1-15.19)..............................................211-212 Foreign: Countries: Abbreviations (9.11).............................................148 Capitals of..................................................228-232 Heads of state...................................................228 Money............................................................236 Abbreviations (9.60)......................................157, 236 Nationalities....................................................233 Weights and measures...............................................239 Metric (9.56-9.57)..........................................156-157, 239-240 Words: Accents (5.3, 5.4)............................................67, 68 Compounding (6.24)................................................79 Italic (11.2)....................................................177 Foreword (2.3f)........................................................9 Fort..................................................................47 Not abbreviated (9.19).............................................150 State name with (9.12).............................................148 Fractions (12.26-12.28)..............................................188 Comma omitted (8.54, 12.9e, 12.27).......................133, 183, 188 Hyphen in (6.38-6.39)...........................................81, 82 Land descriptions (9.20-9.22)......................................150 Piece and em (12.27)...............................................188 Spelled out (6.38, 12.26)......................................81, 188 Tabular work (13.86-13.87).........................................200 Alignment (13.63)................................................198 Franking privilege (2.129)............................................21 Frontispiece (2.3a)....................................................9 ful, words ending in (5.9)............................................69 G General instructions (2.1-2.130)....................................7-22 Germany, West, etc. (3.21, 3.22)..............................27, 28, 61 Gospel, etc. (3.33)...............................................29, 48 Government(s) (3.8, 3.20).....................................24, 27, 48 Departments, capitalization (3.17)..................................26 Foreign............................................................228 Governor (3.35)...................................................30, 48 Grades, market........................................................51 Gravity terms (9.53).............................................155-156 Guide meridians......................................................227 H Halftitle: Imprint (2.118).....................................................20 Part of book (2.3j).................................................10 H-bomb, H-hour (6.51).............................................48, 83 Heads, center and side: Capitalization (3.46-3.54).......................................32-33 Tabular work (13.25-13.27).....................................193-194 Heads of state, foreign..............................................228 Holidays, etc. (3.24).............................................28, 49 Holy Scriptures, etc. (3.33)......................................29, 49 Honorable, etc. (9.31)...............................................152 House.................................................................49 Hyphen (see also Compounding rules): Chemical formulas (6.43, 6.44) 82 Civil and military titles (5.8, 6.40-6.41)......................68, 82 Compass directions (6.14)...........................................77 Division at end of line (8.87).....................................137 Fractions (12.26, 12.28)...........................................188 Numerical compounds (6.36-6.39, 12.9o)......................81-82, 184 Prefixes, suffixes, and combining forms (6.7, 6.29-6.35).....76, 80-81 Scientific terms (6.42-6.44)........................................82 Unit modifiers (6.15-6.28).......................................77-80 Not used when meaning is clear (6.16).............................77 Numerical (6.36-6.39, 12.9o)...........................81-82, 184... I ibid, id. (11.3).....................................................177 ible, words ending in (5.11)..........................................70 Illustrations: Makeup (2.3i, 2.12, 2.18).......................................10, 11 Separate sheets (1.9)................................................1 Imprints (2.115-2.120).............................................20-21 Signature marks (1.16, 2.101, 2.112)..........................2, 19-20 Improvised compounds (6.46-6.52)..................................... 83 Inches, picas converted to...........................................241 Indentions (see also Overruns) (2.60-2.66)............................................15-16 Datelines, addresses and signatures (16.5-16.28)...............217-224 Do. (13.41-13.50)..................................................196 Extracts (2.24).....................................................11 Footnote tables (13.84)............................................199 Paragraphs (2.60-2.66)...........................................15-16 Index (15.20-15.30)..............................................212-214 Entries (15.27)....................................................214 Part of book (2.3n).................................................10 Plural form (5.10)..................................................69 Roman numerals (15.22).............................................213 See, see also (11.11, 15.20)..................................178, 212 Inferior figures and letters: Chemical elements (6.43)............................................82 Chemical formulas (10.16, 11.12, 12.15)..................173, 179, 186 Equations (10.8)...................................................172 Italic (10.8, 11.12)..........................................172, 179 Precede superiors (10.15)..........................................172 Preparing (2.33)....................................................13 infra: Italic (11.3)......................................................177 Not abbreviated (9.49).............................................155 Integral sign (10.14)................................................172 Interjections: Capitalization (3.56)...............................................34 Exclamation point (8.83-8.85)......................................136 Introduction (2.3f)....................................................9 ise, ize, yze (5.12)..................................................71 [[Page 318]] Italic (11.1-11.15)..............................................177-179 Aircraft (11.6)....................................................177 ante, post, etc. (11.3)............................................177 Continued from (11.11).............................................178 Credit line (8.66).................................................134 Datelines, addresses, and signatures (16.5-16.26)..............217-222 Emphasis (11.2)....................................................177 Equations (10.7-10.8, 11.12- 11.13)..................................................171-172, 179 ``Fol.,'' ``Fol. lit.,'' etc. (2.38)................................13 Foreign words, etc. (11.2-11.3)....................................177 Inferior letters (10.8, 11.12)................................172, 179 infra, supra (11.3)................................................177 Italic supplied, etc. (11.4).......................................177 Legal cases (11.8).................................................178 Legends (2.73, 11.14)..........................................16, 179 nth degree (11.12).................................................179 Paragraphs and sections, indicating (11.15)........................179 Provided, Resolved, etc. (3.45, 11.11).........................32, 178 To be followed (11.5)............................................177 Publications, titles of (11.2).....................................177 Salutations (8.25, 16.14).....................................129, 220 Scientific names (11.9-11.10)......................................178 See, see also (11.11, 15.20)..................................178, 212 Symbols (2.73, 11.12-11.14)....................................16, 179 Tabular work (13.95-13.96).........................................201 Units of quantity (13.123, 14.14).............................205, 208 v. (11.8)..........................................................178 Vessels (11.6-11.7, 13.95)...............................177, 178, 201 x dollars (11.12)..................................................179 ize, ise, yze (5.12)..................................................71 J Journals (2.2).......................................................7-9 Jr., Sr.: Abbreviation (9.32, 9.34)..........................................152 Index entries (15.27)..............................................214 Punctuation (8.39, 9.34)......................................131, 152 Type (9.37, 16.3).............................................152, 217 K King (3.34).......................................................30, 50 known as (8.128).....................................................142 L Land area abbreviations (9.56).......................................156 Land descriptions (9.20-9.22, 12.9f)............................150, 183 latitude, longitude: Abbreviated (9.51, 13.9)......................................155, 191 Division at end of line (9.52).....................................155 Spaces omitted (9.51, 12.9f)..................................155, 183 law (3.40)........................................................31, 50 Leaders: Abbreviation before (8.123, 13.13)............................141, 192 Leaderwork (14.1)..................................................207 Tabular work (13.97-13.101)........................................201 Leaderwork (see also Tabular work) (14.1-14.20)............................. 207-209................................................................. Bearoff (14.2).....................................................207 Clears (14.9)......................................................208 Columns (14.3).....................................................207 Continued heads (14.5).............................................208 Definition (14.1)..................................................207 Do. (14.6).........................................................208 Dollar mark and ciphers (14.7-14.8)................................208 Double up (14.19)..................................................209 Examples (14.15-14.20).........................................208-209 Flush items and subheads (14.9-14.10)..............................208 Footnotes (14.11-14.13)............................................208 Units of quantity (14.14)..........................................208 Leading and spacing (2.48-2.49)....................................14-15 Leading: Datelines, addresses, and signatures (16.4)......................217 Extracts (2.54-2.57)..............................................15 Footnotes (2.58)..................................................15 Legends (2.59)....................................................15 Line of stars (8.79).............................................136 page, section, etc., over figure columns (15.21).................213 Tabular work: Boxheads (13.18)...............................................192 Centerheads (13.25)............................................193 Footnotes (13.66)..............................................198 Spacing: Abbreviations with points (9.6)................................. 147 ac, space after in small-cap heads (3.47).........................32 ampersand (9.7)..................................................147 article, section (9.39)..........................................153 Citations (8.28).................................................130 Clock time (8.26, 12.9b)....................................129, 182 Colon (8.22-8.33)............................................129-130 Datelines, addresses, and signatures (16.4)......................217 Degrees: College (9.7, 9.32-9.33, 9.35-9.36).......................147, 152 Ellipses (8.76)..................................................135 Line of stars (8.79)...........................................136 Footnote references (15.12)......................................212 Between references (8.50, 15.19)..........................132, 212 Symbols (13.69, 15.13)....................................198, 212 Footnotes, two or more (2.19) 11 Heads, center, side (2.50)........................................14 Initials, personal name (9.7)................................... 147 Letters or figures in parentheses (2.40, 8.94)...............13, 138 Mathematical signs (10.3)........................................171 Particles (3.48)..................................................32 Question mark (8.124)............................................142 Quotation marks (8.127)..........................................142 Section mark (10.6)..............................................171 Symbols with figures (10.6)......................................171 Legal cases: Capitalization (3.11)...............................................25 Italic (11.8)......................................................178 Legends (2.67-2.73)........................................................... 16...................................................................... Italic symbols (2.73, 11.14)...................................16, 179 Leading (2.59)......................................................15 Makeup (2.68, 2.72, 2.96f)......................................16, 18 [[Page 319]] Punctuation (2.70, 8.112)......................................16, 140 Type (2.69).........................................................16 Legislative bodies, foreign..........................................228 Letter of transmittal (2.3e)...........................................9 Looseleaf work, ``blue'' folios marked (1.13)..........................1 ly, words ending in (6.20)............................................78 M M., Mlle., etc. (9.29)...............................................151 Magnification symbol (10.3)..........................................171 Magnitudes (9.59)....................................................157 Makeup (2.3-2.19)...................................................9-11 Backstrips, run down (2.20).........................................11 Facing pages (2.7)..................................................10 Fold-ins to be avoided (1.15)........................................2 Footnotes: Leaderwork (14.11-14.13).........................................208 Tabular work (2.98)...............................................18 References repeated (2.13, 13.70)..........................11, 198 Sample.........................................................208 Text (15.9-15.11)................................................212 Illustrations (2.67-2.73)...........................................16 Parts of book (2.3)..................................................9 Roman numerals (2.4)................................................10 Running heads and folios (2.10-2.11)................................10 Signature marks, imprints, etc. (2.103, 2.115-2.128).............19-21 Signatures, jobs over 4 pages (1.16).................................2 Avoid over 2 blank pages (1.16)....................................2 Sink (2.8)..........................................................10 Title pages (2.5)...................................................10 Widow lines (2.6)...................................................10 Market grades (3.25)..............................................28, 59 Mathematical equations (10.8-10.15)..................................172 Signs (10.2, 10.18)...........................................171, 174 Measurement: Abbreviations (9.56-9.58)......................................156-157 Metric equivalents.................................................240 Numerals (12.9j)...................................................184 Medals, decorations, etc..............................................43 Meridians and base lines.............................................227 Messrs. (9.29).......................................................151 Meteorology signs/symbols (10.18)....................................174 Metric: Abbreviations (9.56-9.57)......................................156-157 Equivalents........................................................239 Military: Dates (8.52, 12.9c)...........................................132, 183 Installations, State name with (9.12)..........................148-149 Time (12.9b, 12.14)...........................................182, 185 Titles: Abbreviations (9.29).............................................151 Capitalization (3.35).............................................30 Units, ordinals used (12.10).......................................185 million, etc.: Roman numerals (12.29).............................................189 Use of figures with (12.24)........................................187 minute: Abbreviation (9.58)................................................157 Latitude, longitude (9.51-9.52, 12.9f)........................155, 183 Time (12.9b, 12.9n)...........................................182, 184 Astronomical (9.59, 12.9b)..................................157, 182 Money: Abbreviations and symbols (9.60, 12.9k).......................157, 184 Decimals (12.9k)...................................................184 Foreign............................................................236 Abbreviations and symbols........................................236 Fractions (12.26-12.28)............................................188 Months: Abbreviations (9.44-9.45, 13.5)...........................................................154, 191 mo (9.58)........................................................157 Punctuation (8.52, 8.74, 8.75, 12.9c)....................132, 135, 183 Moon (3.30).......................................................29, 52 Signs (10.18)......................................................174 Mount.................................................................48 Not abbreviated (9.19).............................................150 Mr., Mrs.: Abbreviation, when used (9.29).....................................151 Type (9.37, 16.3).........................................152-153, 217 With other abbreviations (9.33)....................................152 Mr. Chairman, etc. (3.37).............................................31 N Nation, etc. (3.19, 3.20).........................................27, 51 Natives: Foreign countries..............................................233-235 States (U.S.) (5.23-5.24)...........................................73 Nature (3.32).........................................................29 Navy, Naval, etc. (3.17)..........................................26, 52 Near East (3.21)..................................................27, 52 Newspapers: Capitalization (3.38)...............................................31 Datelines (16.8)...................................................218 Italic not used (11.2).............................................177 No., Nos. (9.38).....................................................153 Not abbreviated (13.22)............................................193 Note (8.107, 13.53).............................................139, 197 Nouns: Capitalization (3.5-3.10, 3.49)..............................23-25, 33 Compounding (6.8-6.11)..............................................76 Nationalities, foreign.........................................233-235 Plural forms (5.5-5.10)..........................................68-69 States, natives of (5.23)...........................................73 nth degree (11.12)...................................................179 Number: Abbreviation. (See No.) Chemical elements (10.16)..........................................173 Mark (10.18, 15.15)...........................................174, 212 Numerals (12.1-12.29)............................................181-190 Age (12.9a)........................................................182 Beginning a sentence (12.16).......................................186 Related numerals (12.25).........................................188 Chemical elements (6.43, 10.16)................................82, 173 Chemical formulas (6.44, 12.15)................................82, 186 Clock time (9.54, 12.9b)......................................156, 182 Colon affecting use (12.8).........................................182 Compound (6.36-6.39).............................................81-82 Dates. (See Dates.) [[Page 320]] Decimals (12.9d)...................................................183 Degrees (12.9f)....................................................183 Equations (10.8-10.15).............................................172 Expressed in figures (12.4-12.15)..............................181-186 Formal writing (12.19).............................................186 Fractions. (See Fractions.) Hearings, etc. (12.17).............................................186 Indefinite expressions (12.22).....................................187 Land descriptions (9.21)...........................................150 Large numbers (12.20, 12.24).......................................187 Market quotations (12.9h)..........................................183 Measurement and time (12.9a-12.9o).............................182-184 In relation to other figures (12.6)..............................182 Money (9.60, 12.9k)...........................................157, 184 Ordinals. (See Ordinals.) Percentage (12.9l).................................................184 Proportion or ratio (12.9m)........................................184 Punctuation (8.48, 12.14).....................................132, 185 Roman. (See Roman numerals.) Serial (12.7)......................................................182 Single: 10 or more (12.4)................................................181 Under 10 (12.23).................................................187 Unit of measurement, etc. (12.6).................................182 Spelled out (12.16-12.25)......................................186-188 Tabular work (13.102)..............................................201 Time (12.9n).......................................................184 Unit modifiers (6.23, 6.36-6.37, 6.39, 12.9o)..........79, 81, 82, 184 With abbreviations (9.5, 13.4)................................147, 191 O O, Oh: Capitalization (3.56)...............................................34 Exclamation point (8.84, 8.85).................................136-137 o, words ending in (5.5)..............................................68 Occident, etc. (3.21, 3.22).......................................27, 53 o'clock (9.55, 12.9b)...........................................156, 182 Office (3.17).....................................................26, 53 Ohio, abbreviation (9.13)............................................149 op. cit. (11.3)......................................................177 Order (3.38)..................................................31, 45, 53 Ordered (3.45, 11.11)............................................32, 178 Ordinals (12.10-12.13, 13.102)..................................185, 201 Beginning with 10th (12.10)........................................185 In relation to other ordinals or numerals (12.11)..................185 Leaderwork (12.13).................................................185 Military units (12.10).............................................185 Street address (12.13, 13.6)..................................185, 191 Tabular work (12.13, 13.102)..................................185, 201 Orient, etc. (3.21, 3.22).....................................27, 28, 53 Outlines: Indentions (15.31).................................................214 Numbering sequence (15.31).........................................214 Overruns (see also Indentions): Addresses, datelines, and signatures (16.5, 16.27)............217, 224 Center, side heads (2.65-2.66)..................................... 16 Hanging indentions (2.62-2.63)......................................15 Indexes (15.23-15.25)..............................................213 Leaderwork (14.4)..................................................207 Paragraphs (2.60-2.61)..............................................15 Tabular work (13.90-13.94).........................................200 Total, mean, and average lines (13.92-13.94).....................200 P Pact (3.38).......................................................31, 54 page (3.9)............................................................24 Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Numbers (2.4, 15.22, 15.30)...............................10, 213, 214 Paper stock, kind specified (1.17).....................................2 paragraph (3.9).......................................................24 Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Paragraphs: Brackets, more than one paragraph (8.22)...........................129 Indention (2.60-2.61)...............................................15 Overruns (2.62-2.63)..............................................15 Italic letters indicating (11.15)..................................179 Numbering sequence (8.108).........................................139 Parentheses (8.91-8.102).........................................137-139 Abbreviations in (9.2).............................................147 Citations or references (9.45)...................................154 Congressional (9.41-9.43)....................................153-154 Latitude, longitude (9.51).......................................155 Parts of publications (9.38).....................................153 Steamships, railroads (9.27).....................................151 Alignment in tables (13.59, 13.63).................................198 Byline (8.101).....................................................139 Chemical formulas (6.44)............................................82 Clauses (8.92).....................................................137 Column numbers or letters (13.23)..................................193 Enclose letters or figures (8.94)..................................138 Closed up (8.94, 8.98)...........................................138 Equations (10.14)..................................................172 Explanatory word (8.93)............................................137 More than one paragraph (8.102)................................... 139 Not part of main statement (8.91)................................. 137 Paragraph sequence (8.108).........................................139 Type (8.150).......................................................145 Verifying numbers (8.95, 12.18)...............................138, 186 With punctuation (8.96-8.102)..................................138-139 part (3.9)........................................................24, 54 Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Particles (3.13-3.16)..............................................25-26 Parts of books: Abbreviations (9.38-9.40)..........................................153 Capitalization (3.9, 3.38, 3.39)................................24, 31 Makeup (2.3).........................................................9 Quotation marks (8.129)............................................142 percent (5.2).........................................................66 Mark (10.18, 15.15)...........................................174, 212 Use of figures (12.9l).............................................184 Period (8.103-8.123).............................................139-141 Abbreviations (8.111, 9.6-9.7)................................140, 147 [[Page 321]] Omitted (8.115-8.123, 9.3, 13.13, 15.23)..........141, 147, 192, 213 After article, section, etc. (8.113)...............................140 Boxheads (8.115)...................................................141 Decimals (8.109, 12.9d, 13.29-13.32).................140, 183, 194-195 Declarative sentence (8.103).......................................139 Ellipses (8.76, 8.78)..........................................135-136 Explanatory matter within parentheses (8.122)......................141 Indirect question (8.104)..........................................139 In lieu of parentheses (8.105).....................................139 Inside-outside quotation marks (8.141-8.142).......................144 Legends (2.70, 8.112)..........................................16, 140 Letters used as names (8.117)......................................141 Metric abbreviations (9.56-9.57)...............................156-157 Middle initial not abbreviation (8.118)............................141 Multiplication (8.114).............................................140 Overruns, in indexes (15.23).......................................213 Roman numerals (8.120).............................................141 Run-in sideheads (8.107)...........................................139 Short name not abbreviation (8.119, 9.23).....................141, 150 Symbols (8.115)....................................................141 To indicate thousands (8.110)......................................140 Words and incomplete statements (8.121)............................141 Periodicals, titles of: Capitalization (3.38)...............................................31 Italic not used (11.2).............................................177 Makeup (2.2, 2.3)..................................................7-9 Personal names: Abbreviations followed (8.119, 9.23)..........................141, 150 Initials set with space (9.7)......................................147 Particles (3.13-3.16)............................................25-26 Variations (8.119, 9.23)......................................141, 150 Personification (3.32)................................................29 Physical divisions of United States................................. 226 Physics, signs and symbols (10.16)...................................173 Physiographic terms..................................................225 Pica conversion table................................................241 Pickup matter (2.31)..................................................12 Correcting (2.45)...................................................14 place.................................................................54 Abbreviation (9.16, 13.6).....................................149, 191 Ordinals (12.13, 13.6)........................................185, 191 plate (3.9).......................................................24, 54 Abbreviation (9.38)................................................153 Numbers aligned (15.28)............................................214 Plurals: Apostrophe to indicate (8.3, 8.7, 8.11)........................125-127 Coined (8.11)......................................................127 Common noun as part of proper name (3.8)............................24 Compound words (5.6-5.8)............................................68 Irregular (5.10)....................................................69 Latin names (3.28)..................................................29 Letters and figures (8.11).........................................127 Nouns ending in ful (5.9)...........................................69 Nouns ending in o (5.5).............................................68 Words used as words (8.13).........................................127 Poetry: Alignment and indention (8.134)....................................143 Capitalization of titles (3.39).....................................31 Credit line (8.66).................................................134 Quotation marks (3.39, 8.134)..................................31, 143 point.............................................................48, 54 Not abbreviated (9.19).............................................150 Political parties (3.17)..........................................26, 54 Adherents (3.18).............................................26-27, 54 port..................................................................54 Not abbreviated (9.19).............................................150 Possessions (U.S.): Abbreviations (9.12, 9.13).....................................148-149 Not abbreviated (9.14)...........................................149 Political divisions. (See Counties.) Possessives and apostrophes. (See Apostrophes and possessives.) post (11.3)..........................................................177 Post Office...........................................................54 Box, as part of address.............................................54 Directory of Post Offices (5.20)....................................72 ZIP Code numbers (8.51, 16.1).................................132, 217 Preface (2.3g, 2.12)...............................................10-11 Prefixes (6.7, 6.29-6.35)......................................76, 80-81 Metric (9.56)......................................................156 Preliminary pages (2.3-2.4).........................................9-10 Roman numerals for (2.4)............................................10 Preparing copy: Abbreviations: Spelled out (2.43)................................................14 Bill style (2.41)...................................................14 Capitalization (2.25, 2.35).....................................12, 13 Copy kept clean (2.46)..............................................14 Cut-in notes (2.32).................................................12 Datelines, addresses, and signatures (2.26).........................12 Addresses (16.9-16.16).......................................219-220 Datelines (16.5-16.8)........................................217-218 Signatures (16.17-16.26).....................................220-222 Decimals (2.27).....................................................12 et cetera, etc. (2.28)..............................................12 Extracts (2.24).....................................................11 Figures (2.38, 2.40)................................................13 ``Fol.,'' ``Fol. lit.,'' etc. (2.38-2.40).......................... 13 Folioing and stamping (2.29)........................................12 Footnotes and reference marks: Tabular work (13.66-13.85)...................................198-199 Text (15.1-15.19)............................................211-212 Heads (2.30, 3.46-3.54)......................................12, 32-33 Instructions to be followed (2.42)..................................14 Italic (2.26, 2.38).............................................12, 13 Pickup (2.31).......................................................12 Plurals (2.36, 8.13)...........................................13, 127 Punctuation followed (2.38-2.41).................................13-14 Sidenotes (2.32)....................................................12 Signs, symbols, etc. (2.33-2.34)....................................13 Type to indicate shape (2.35-2.37)..................................13 Type. (See Type.) Prepositions (3.49)...................................................33 In compound nouns (6.47)............................................83 [[Page 322]] Pronouns: Compounding (6.12, 6.13)........................................76, 77 Possessive (8.8-8.9)...............................................126 Proofreader's marks (1.23).............................................4 Proofreading (2.74-2.87)...........................................16-17 Proofs: Clean (2.46)........................................................14 Department (1.19-1.21)...............................................2 Proportion (8.32, 12.9m)........................................130, 184 Provided, etc.: Capitalization following (3.45).....................................32 Italic (3.45, 11.11)...........................................32, 178 Province (3.19)...................................................27, 54 Not abbreviated (9.15).............................................149 Public Law, etc. (3.38)...........................................31, 54 Not abbreviated (9.41, 9.43)..................................153, 154 Publications. (See Periodicals.) Punctuation (8.1-8.150)..........................................125-145 Abbreviations: Omitted (8.126, 9.3, 13.13)............................142, 147, 192 When used (8.39, 9.6).......................................131, 147 Apostrophe (8.3-8.18)..........................................125-128 Brackets (8.19-8.22)...........................................128-129 Colon (8.23-8.33)..............................................129-130 Comma (8.34-8.59)..............................................130-133 Before and after abbreviations (8.39)............................131 Omitted (8.50-8.59)..........................................132-133 Used (8.34-8.49).............................................130-132 Dash (em) (8.60-8.70)..........................................133-134 Not used (8.69-8.70).............................................134 Used (8.60-8.68).............................................133-134 (See also Tabular work.) Dash (en) (8.72-8.75)..............................................135 Not used (8.74-8.75).............................................135 Used (8.72-8.73).................................................135 Ellipses (8.76-8.82)...........................................135-136 Exclamation point (8.83-8.84)......................................136 Function (8.1, 8.2)................................................125 Hyphen (8.86-8.90).................................................137 Compounding (6.1-6.52).........................................75-83 Legends (2.70, 8.112)..........................................16, 140 Numerals (12.14)...................................................185 Parentheses (8.91-8.102).......................................137-139 Period (8.103-8.123)...........................................139-141 Omitted (8.115-8.123)............................................141 Used (8.103-8.114)...........................................139-140 Question mark (8.124-8.126)........................................142 Quotation marks (8.127-8.144)..................................142-144 Not used (8.134-8.144).......................................143-144 Used (8.127-8.133)...........................................142-143 Semicolon (8.145-8.148)........................................144-145 Single (8.124, 8.149).........................................142, 145 Q Quantity. (See Units of quantity.) quart (9.58).........................................................157 Metric equivalent..................................................239 quasi, ex, self (6.34)................................................81 Queen (3.35)..........................................................30 Queries: Department must answer (1.21)....................................... 2 Not to be set (2.47)................................................14 Proofreading (2.75-2.77)............................................16 Question mark (8.124-8.126)..........................................142 Closed up (8.126)..................................................142 Direct query (8.45, 8.124)....................................132, 142 Doubt (8.125, 8.126)...............................................142 With quotation marks (8.141, 8.144)................................144 Quotation marks (8.127-8.144)....................................142-144 Addresses, books, etc. (8.129).....................................142 Called, so-called, etc. (8.128)....................................142 Direct quotations (8.127)..........................................142 Display initial with (8.140).......................................144 Double, single, double (8.144).....................................144 Entitled, marked, etc. (8.128).....................................142 Extracts, omitted (2.24, 8.138)................................11, 143 Indirect quotations (8.139)........................................144 Letters within a letter (8.131)....................................143 Complete letter (8.137)..........................................143 Misnomers, slang, etc. (8.132).....................................143 More than one paragraph (8.130)................................... 143 Poetry, alignment (8.134)..........................................143 Precede footnote references (8.143)................................144 Punctuation with (8.47, 8.141, 8.142).........................132, 144 Scientific names (11.10)...........................................178 Spacing (8.133, 8.144)........................................143, 144 Vessels (11.7, 11.8)...............................................178 Quotations: Capitalization (3.42, 3.43).....................................31, 32 Comma before (8.35)................................................130 Ellipses (8.76-8.82)...........................................135-136 R Railroads, abbreviated (9.27, 13.8).............................151, 191 Reference marks. (See Footnotes and references.) region (3.9)......................................................24, 55 Ordinals (12.10)...................................................185 Regular, etc. (3.17)..............................................26, 55 Related numbers: Group (12.5, 12.25)...........................................181, 188 Ordinals (12.10-12.12).............................................185 Religious terms (3.34)............................................30, 55 Report (3.38, 3.39)...............................................31, 55 With quotation marks (3.39, 8.129).............................31, 142 Reports and hearings.............................................297-312 Representative (3.18).............................................26, 55 Not abbreviated (9.30).............................................152 Reprint: Dates (2.113-2.114).................................................20 Pickup (2.31).......................................................12 Set ``all roman (no italic),'' when to set italic (11.5)...........177 Signature marks (2.126).............................................21 Republic (3.19)...................................................27, 55 reservation (3.5).................................................23, 55 State name with (9.12).............................................148 Resolution (3.38).................................................31, 55 Abbreviation (9.42, 13.11)....................................153, 191 Resolved, etc. (3.45).................................................32 Italic (3.45, 11.11)...........................................32, 178 Reverend, etc. (9.31)................................................152 Revising (2.88-2.100)..............................................17-19 [[Page 323]] Galley (2.88-2.91)...............................................17-18 Page (2.92-2.98).................................................18-19 Press (2.99-2.100)..................................................19 road..................................................................55 Abbreviation (9.16, 13.6).....................................149, 191 Ordinals (12.13, 13.6)........................................185, 191 Roman numerals...................................................55, 189 Army corps (12.10).................................................185 Figure columns: Indexes and contents (15.22).................................... 213 Tabular work (13.62).............................................198 List (12.29).......................................................189 Not preferred (12.3)...............................................181 Period: Aligned in contents (15.28)......................................214 Not used after (8.115-8.123).................................... 141 Preliminary pages (2.4).............................................10 Royal titles (3.34, 3.35, 3.37)................................30-31, 50 Rules in tables (2.23, 13.3).....................................11, 191 Running heads: Copy for, supplied (1.19)............................................2 Makeup (2.10-2.11)..................................................10 Period omitted (8.115).............................................141 S Sales notices (2.121-2.122)...........................................21 Salutation: Capitalization (3.55, 16.15)...................................34, 220 Colon after (8.25, 16.15).....................................129, 220 Italic (8.25, 16.14)..........................................129, 220 Scientific terms: Abbreviations, punctuation omitted (9.3)...........................147 Capitalization (3.26-3.29)..........................................29 Compounding (6.42-6.45).............................................82 Italic (11.9-11.10, 13.95)....................................178, 201 Quotation marks with (11.10).......................................178 Set in roman (11.9)................................................178 Scriptures, etc. (3.33)...........................................29, 56 seaboard (3.22)...................................................28, 56 seal (16.27, 16.28)..................................................224 Seasons (3.23)........................................................28 2d, 3d, etc.: Comma omitted before (8.39, 8.59, 9.32)..................131, 133, 152 Ordinals (12.10-12.11).............................................185 Type (9.32, 16.3).............................................152, 217 Secretary, etc. (3.35)............................................30, 56 General.............................................................56 No hyphen (6.40)..................................................82 Plural form (5.8).................................................68 section (3.9).....................................................24, 56 Abbreviation (9.38, 13.10)....................................153, 191 Not abbreviated (9.39)...........................................153 Caps and small caps (9.39).........................................153 Italic to indicate (11.15).........................................179 Roman, over figure column (15.21)..................................213 Section mark: Footnote reference (15.14).........................................212 Space after (10.6).................................................171 See, see also: Italic (11.11, 15.20).........................................178, 212 Roman (13.96)......................................................201 See footnote, etc. (15.4)............................................211 Self, ex, quasi (6.34)................................................81 Semicolon (8.145-8.148).................................................... 144-145................................................................. Avoid, where comma will suffice (8.148)............................145 Before summarizing matter (8.147)..................................145 Clauses containing commas (8.145)..................................144 Senator...............................................................56 Not abbreviated (9.30).............................................152 Serial: Letter, italic (11.15).............................................179 Parentheses (8.94)...............................................138 Numbers: Comma omitted (8.54, 12.14).................................133, 185 Figures used (12.7)..............................................182 Parentheses (8.94)...............................................138 session: Abbreviation (9.41, 13.11)....................................153, 191 Ordinals (9.41, 13.11)........................................153, 191 Shape, letters used (2.35-2.37).......................................13 Plurals (8.11).....................................................127 Shilling mark, in fractions (12.27)................................. 188 Sign (10.18).......................................................174 Signature marks (2.101-2.112)......................................19-20 Signatures: Abbreviations (9.24, 16.19)...................................150, 220 Capitalization (3.55, 16.2)....................................34, 217 Examples (16.17-16.26).........................................220-224 Preceded by dash (8.66, 16.17)................................134, 220 Preparation (2.26)..................................................12 Punctuation (16.23)................................................221 Quoted matter (16.25)..............................................222 signed (8.128) ......................................................142 In signatures (16.24)..........................................221-222 Signs and symbols (10.1-10.18)...................................171-176 Chemical: Elements (6.43, 10.16).......................................82, 173 Formulas (6.44, 10.15, 12.15)...........................82, 172, 186 Coined words and symbols (8.11, 9.48).........................127, 155 Degree mark (9.50-9.51, 9.53, 10.4, 12.9f)...........155-156, 171, 183 Equations (10.8-10.15).............................................172 Footnote references (15.12-15.17)................................. 212 Sequence (15.14).................................................212 Foreign money (9.60)...............................................157 Italic letters (2.73, 10.7-10.8, 11.12-11.14).........16, 171-172, 179 Legends (2.73)......................................................16 List (10.18).......................................................174 Mathematical signs (10.2-10.3).....................................171 Preparing copy (2.33-2.34)..........................................13 Standardized (10.17)...............................................174 Symbol columns (13.115-13.116).................................202-203, crossed with, magnification (10.3)......................171 Single punctuation (8.124, 8.149)...............................142, 145 Sink (2.8)............................................................10 Small caps: etc., et al. (3.53).................................................33 [[Page 324]] Heads spaced with regular justification spaces (2.50)...............14 Italic inferior letters (10.8).....................................172 Proper names (3.47-3.48)............................................32 Roman numerals (2.4, 15.22)....................................10, 213 seal (16.27-16.28).................................................224 v., in names of legal cases (11.8).................................178 Soil names (3.29).................................................29, 57 someone, some one (6.12)..............................................76 spelling (5.1-5.26)......................................................... 63-73................................................................... Anglicized and foreign words (5.3-5.4)...........................67-68 Apostrophes and possessives (8.3-8.18).........................125-128 cede, ceed, sede (5.13).............................................71 Doubled consonants (5.14-5.15)...................................71-72 Geographic names (5.20-5.21)........................................72 Idiomatic phrases (6.52)............................................83 Indefinite articles, use of (5.16-5.19).............................72 List (5.2)..........................................................63 Nationalities (5.22-5.24)...........................................73 Native American words (5.25)........................................73 Plural forms (5.5-5.10)..........................................68-69 Transliteration (5.26)..............................................73 square................................................................57 Abbreviation (9.16, 13.6).....................................149, 191 Ordinals (12.13, 13.6)........................................185, 191 Stars. (See Ellipses.) State, etc. (3.19)................................................27, 57 Staten Island (9.14).................................................149 States (3.6, 3.19, 3.21)......................................24, 27, 57 Abbreviations (9.12-9.13)......................................148-149 Counties...........................................................243 Natives of (5.23)...................................................73 station (3.6, 3.9)................................................24, 57 State abbreviation with (9.12).....................................148 Statutes, etc. (3.38).............................................31, 58 Abbreviations (9.43, 13.11)...................................154, 191 street................................................................57 Abbreviation (9.16, 13.6).....................................149, 191 Ordinals (12.13, 13.6)........................................185, 191 Subentries (8.27, 13.90-13.91, 13.113, 14.15).........129, 200, 202, 208 Subheads: Indexes and contents (15.29).......................................214 Leaderwork (14.10).................................................208 Suffixes (6.29-6.35)...............................................80-81 Summation sign (10.14)...............................................172 Sun (3.30)........................................................29, 58 Sign (10.18).......................................................174 Superior figures and letters: Astrophysical matter (9.59)........................................157 Chemical elements (6.43)............................................82 Comma omitted (8.50)...............................................132 Equations (10.8)...................................................172 Follow inferiors (10.15).........................................172 Footnote references (13.67, 15.12, 15.17).....................198, 212 Italic letters (8.50, 10.8, 11.12).......................132, 172, 179 Preparing (2.33)....................................................13 Type (8.150).......................................................145 With punctuation (8.133)...........................................143 supra: Italic (11.3)......................................................177 Not abbreviated (9.49).............................................155 Survey (3.17).....................................................26, 58 Symbols. (See Signs and symbols.) T table (3.9).......................................................24, 58 Table of contents. (See Contents.) Tabular work (see also Leaderwork) (13.1-13.124).............................. 191-206................................................................. Abbreviations (13.4-13.13).........................................191 Bearoff (13.14-13.17)..............................................192 Leaderwork (14.2-14.4)...........................................207 Tables without rules (13.117, 13.120).......................203, 204 Boxheads (13.18-13.23).........................................192-193 Horizontal (13.19-13.21).........................................192 Centerheads, flush entries, and subentries (13.25-13.28).......193-194 Ciphers (13.29-13.36)..........................................194-195 Column numbers or letters (13.23)..................................193 Continued heads (13.37-13.38)..................................... 195 Dash instead of colon (13.26)......................................193 Dashes or rules (13.39-13.40)......................................195 To separate nonmoney groups (13.53)..............................197 Date column (13.28)................................................194 Decimals, alignment (13.29-13.36, 13.64)..................194-195, 198 Ditto (Do.) (13.41-13.50)..........................................196 Closing quotes (13.41)...........................................196 Dollar mark (13.51-13.56)..........................................197 Figure columns (13.57-13.65)...................................197-198 Decimals (13.29-13.32, 13.63-13.64).....................194-195, 198 Footnotes and references (13.66-13.85).........................198-199 Fractions (13.86-13.87)............................................200 Hairline rules (2.23)...............................................11 Headnotes (13.88-13.89, 13.104)...............................200, 202 Indentions and overruns (13.90-13.94)..............................200 Subentries (13.90-13.91).........................................200 Total, mean, and average lines (13.92-13.94).....................200 Italic (13.95-13.96)...............................................201 Leaders (13.97-13.101).............................................201 Leading: Boxheads, solid in leaded tables (13.20).........................192 Notes (13.85)....................................................199 Makeup. (See Makeup.) No. (13.22)........................................................193 None (13.33, 13.35, 13.45)....................................195, 196 Numerals (13.102)..................................................201 Reading columns (13.110-13.114)....................................202 Subentries (13.90-13.91, 13.113)..............................200, 202 Symbol columns (13.115-13.116).................................202-203 [[Page 325]] Tables without rules (see also Leaderwork) (13.117- 13.120)......................................................203-204 Total, mean, and average lines (13.92-13.94).......................200 Tracing figures (13.107, 13.109)...................................202 Type (2.23, 13.3)..............................................11, 191 Units of quantity (13.121-13.123) .....................................................................205 Spacing (13.28)..................................................194 Years (13.28)......................................................194 Spacing (13.28)..................................................194 Technical terms. (See Scientific terms.) Temperature, abbreviations (9.53)....................................155 terrace: Abbreviation (9.16, 13.6).....................................149, 191 Ordinals (12.13, 13.6)........................................185, 191 Territory, etc. (3.19)............................................27, 58 Text footnotes. (See Footnotes and references.) The: Part of speech (3.49)...............................................33 Title, part of (3.11-3.12, 9.31)...............................25, 152 Time: Abbreviations (9.54, 9.55, 9.58, 9.59)........................156, 157 Astronomical (12.9b, 12.14)...................................182, 185 Capitalization......................................................58 Clock time (12.9n).................................................184 Military (12.9b, 12.14).......................................182, 185 Use of figures (9.59, 12.9b, 12.9n).......................157 182, 184 title (3.9).......................................................24, 58 Title page: Back of (2.3d).......................................................9 Congressional....................................................309 Imprints, etc. (2.113-2.128).....................................20-21 Makeup (2.2, 2.3)..................................................7-9 Part of book (2.3c)..................................................9 Period omitted at ends of lines (8.115)............................141 U.S., not abbreviated (9.9)........................................148 Titles: Acts (3.40).....................................................31, 35 Civil and military: Abbreviations (9.25, 9.29-9.37)..............................150-152 Compound (6.40-6.41)..............................................82 Plurals (5.8).....................................................68 Common nouns (3.35).................................................30 Foreign books (3.41)................................................31 Heads of state.....................................................230 Legal cases (3.38, 11.8).......................................31, 178 Persons (3.34-3.37).............................................30, 31 Publications, papers, etc. (3.38-3.39, 8.129, 11.2).......31, 142, 177 Second person (3.37)................................................31 to: En dash for (8.74, 12.9c, 12.9m, 13.111)............135, 183, 184, 202 To Whom It May Concern (8.25, 16.14)............................129, 220 Tracing figures. (See Tabular work.) Trade names (3.25)....................................................28 Treasury, etc. (3.17).............................................26, 59 treaty (3.9, 3.38)............................................24, 31, 59 Tribunal (3.17)...................................................26, 60 tunnel................................................................60 Type: Boldface, punctuation in (8.150)...................................145 Brackets (8.150)...................................................145 Illustrating shape and form (2.35-2.37)...........................13 Composition: Correcting pickup (2.45)..........................................14 Proofs, clean (2.46)..............................................14 Dash (8.150)....................................................145... Datelines, addresses, and signatures (16.2-16.3)...................217 Extracts (2.24, 8.138).........................................11, 143 Footnotes (15.5)...................................................211 Headnotes (2.14, 13.88)........................................11, 200 Heads, center and side (2.30).......................................12 Increase of text by using leads....................................241 Indexes and contents (15.20, 15.29)...........................212, 214 Italic (11.1-11.15)............................................177-179 Vessels (11.6-11.7)..........................................177-178 Jr., Sr. (9.37, 16.3).........................................152, 217 Leaderwork (14.1)..................................................207 Legends (2.69)......................................................16 Mr., Mrs., etc. (9.37, 16.3)..................................152, 217 Note (8.107, 13.53)...........................................139, 197 Parentheses (8.150)................................................145 Picas translated to inches.........................................241 Punctuation: Boldface (8.150).................................................145 seal (16.27, 16.28)................................................224 Signature marks (2.101).............................................19 Special typefaces (1.12).............................................1 Tabular work (2.23, 13.3)......................................11, 191 Text (2.23).........................................................11 Words and ems to square inch...................................... 241 U Under Secretary (see also Secretary) 60 Union (3.19)............................................................ 27, 60.................................................................. & in name (9.27)...................................................151 Comma omitted between name and number (8.53)....................132... Unit modifiers. (See Compound words.) United Nations (3.17).............................................26, 60 Units of quantity: Leaderwork (14.14).................................................208 Numerals (12.6, 12.9)..............................................182 Tabular work (13.120, 13.121-13.123).......................204, 205... U.S.: Abbreviation (9.9-9.10, 13.7).................................148, 191 Closed up (9.7, 13.7).......................................147, 191 Spelled out (9.9-9.10)...........................................148 Useful tables ................................................................. 225-242................................................................. Chemical elements (10.16)..........................................173 Foreign countries: Capitals.........................................................228 Heads of state, etc..............................................228 Money............................................................236 Nationalities....................................................233 [[Page 326]] Geologic terms.....................................................225 Meridians and base lines...........................................227 Metric tables......................................................239 Physiographic terms................................................225 Physical divisions...............................................226 Type tables........................................................241 Weights and measures...............................................240 V v.: Italic (11.8, 13.95)..........................................178, 201 Roman (11.8).......................................................178 van, von (3.13, 3.14, 3.16).......................................25, 26 Verbs: and adverbs (6.9)...................................................76 Capitalization (3.49)...............................................33 Infinitive (3.49, 3.52)...........................................33 Improvised (6.48)...................................................83 Vessels: Abbreviations (9.27)...............................................151 Italic (11.6, 13.95)..........................................177, 201 Quotation marks (11.7, 11.8).......................................178 Virgin Islands (9.12, 9.13).....................................148, 149 Municipalities.....................................................255 volume (3.9)............................................................. 24, 60.................................................................. Abbreviation (9.38, 9.58).....................................153, 157 Metric (9.56)...............................................156, 239 Vowels: a, an, before (5.16-5.19)...........................................72 Hyphen, to avoid doubling (6.7).................................... 76 W War (3.24)........................................................28, 61 ward (3.9)........................................................24, 61 Webster's Dictionary (5.1, 7.5)...................................63, 85 Weights: Abbreviations (9.56, 9.58)....................................156, 157 Atomic (10.16).....................................................173 Foreign countries..................................................240 Metric (9.56)......................................................156 Metric equivalents...............................................239 Numerals (12.9j)...................................................184 Widow lines (2.6).....................................................10 Word division (8.87).................................................137 Land descriptions (9.22)...........................................150 Latitude and longitude (9.52)......................................155 Words. (See Spelling.) X Y Z , crossed with, magnification (10.3) 171 yard (9.58)..........................................................157 Metric equivalent..................................................239 yze, ise, ize (5.12)..................................................71 Your Honor, etc. (3.37)...........................................31, 61 ZIP Code numbers (8.51, 16.1).................................. 132, 217