TABLE 2 Estimated Poisson Models for Number of Walking Trips and Estimated Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Model for Share of Walking Trips,,,,,,,,
,Poisson models (number of trips),,,,,,OLS (share of trips),
,Model 1,,Model 2,,Model 3,,Model 4,
Variable name,Coeff.,t-value,Coeff.,t-value,Coeff.,t-value,Coeff.,t-value
Household (HH) characteristics,,,,,,,,
Vehicles in HH,–0.313***,–4.88,–0.240***,–3.77,–0.297***,–4.39,–0.078***,–4.45
Bikes in HH, 0.362***,8.19, 0.320***,7.11, 0.285***,6.16, 0.061***,3.85
Type housing unit,,,,,,,,
     Apart/condo,0.052,1.00,0.022,0.41, 0.116**,2.01, 0.034**,1.97
     Dorm, 1.200***,3.66, 0.897***,2.61, 1.641***,4.62, 0.563**,2.47
Income HH, 0.086*,1.74, 0.095*,1.90, 0.143***,2.80, 0.032**,2.24
Individual characteristics,,,,,,,,
Age,–0.002*,–1.87,–0.005***,–3.73,–0.004***,–3.56,–0.001***,–3.55
Female,–0.052,–1.18,–0.072,–1.61,–0.072,–1.62,–0.017,–1.30
Driver,–0.216***,–3.42,–0.188***,–2.97,–0.280***,–4.38,–0.060***,–3.34
Status,,,,,,,,
     Absent, 0.287**,2.26, 0.278**,2.18, 0.324**,2.53, 0.077*,1.92
     Looking, 0.351***,2.82, 0.274**,2.20, 0.225*,1.80,0.070,1.61
Full-time,–0.256***,–3.73,–0.308***,–4.44,–0.311***,–4.41,–0.037*,–1.90
Occupation,,,,,,,,
     Sales/service,–0.028,–0.32,–0.089,–1.03,–0.114,–1.30,–0.027,–1.20
     Manuf/const/maint,–0.069,–0.54,–0.144,–1.12,–0.261**,–1.98,–0.046,–1.42
     Prof/manag/tech, 0.500***,6.37, 0.464***,5.90, 0.349***,4.39, 0.040*,1.72
Licensed,–0.539***,–4.48,–0.507***,–4.20,–0.443***,–3.66,–0.053**,–2.07
Distance-to-work,–0.016***,–4.85,–0.016***,–5.04,–0.016***,–5.02,–0.003***,–4.28
Walk-exercising, 0.406***,20.63, 0.398***,19.77, 0.359***,17.44, 0.083***,8.49
Med condition,–0.584***,–5.91,–0.617***,–6.19,–0.662***,–6.63,–0.098***,–4.38
Graduate, 0.300***,4.63, 0.263***,4.02, 0.185***,2.82,0.014,0.71
Attitudes/perceptions,,,,,,,,
Traffic accidents  (TA),,,,,,,,
     TA-No,,,–0.345***,–2.66,–0.341***,–2.62,–0.036,–1.21
Highway congestion (HC),,,,,,,,
     HC-Very,,, 0.186**,2.26, 0.168**,2.03,–0.001,–0.05
     HC-Severe,,, 0.392***,5.25, 0.389***,5.19, 0.051**,2.29
Drunk drivers (DD),,,,,,,,
     DD-Severe,,, 0.275***,2.99, 0.268***,2.91,0.008,0.26
Price of gasoline (PG),,,,,,,,
     PG-No,,, 0.348***,6.03, 0.389***,6.73, 0.053***,2.90
     PG-Severe,,,–0.295***,–3.36,–0.204**,–2.31,–0.020,–0.97
Walkways/sidewalks (WS),,,,,,,,
     WS-Little,,, 0.255*,1.91, 0.230*,1.70,0.041,0.98
     WS-Somewhat,,, 0.432***,2.56, 0.549***,3.23,0.039,0.70
"Urban form, neighborhood design, and land-use attributes",,,,,,,,
Ln(density),,,,,0.041,1.32,0.011,1.25
Connectivity,,,,,–0.934***,–5.62,–0.089***,–2.78
Diversity,,,,, 0.439***,4.07, 0.063**,1.97
Accessibility,,,,,–1.030***,–2.64,–0.117,–1.15
Neighborhood sociodemographics,,,,,,,,
Age in N,,,,,–0.005**,–1.99,–0.001,–1.33
Race in N,,,,, 0.731***,11.01, 0.092***,5.17
,,,,,,,,
Constant,–0.075,–1.26,–0.067,–1.12,–0.260,–0.79, 0.224**,2.51
Valid N =,"2,630",,"2,630",,"2,630",,"2,630",
Log-likelihood intercept only:,"–3,974.97",,"–3,974.97",,"–3,974.97",,,
Log-likelihood full model:,"–3,564.04",,"–3,510.16",,"–3,381.89",,,
McFadden's R2: (R2 for OLS),0.103,,0.117,,0.149,,0.146,
McFadden's adjusted R2: (Adjusted R2 for OLS),0.098,,0.110,,0.141,,0.135,
Likelihood-ratio (LR) test with respect to model 1 (p-value):,,,0.001,,0.001,,,
Likelihood-ratio (LR) test with respect to model 2 (p-value):,,,,,0.001,,,
"KEY: ***, **, and * denote coefficient significantly different from zero at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level of significance (two-tail test), respectively.",,,,,,,,