1. METAL* CASTING - Process and/or apparatus
for shaping of fluid metallic material.
2. MOLD MAKING - Process and/or apparatus, per se, for
shaping of fluent material to produce a forming surface to carry
out in METAL* CASTING, supra.
3. PATTERN MAKING - Process and/or apparatus for shaping
a fluent material to produce a form or pattern to be used in MOLD
MAKING, supra.
4. PRODUCT TREATING - Process and/or apparatus for
treating, mixing, or mechanically working the metallic material
while molding or while the metallic material is in a mold, i.e.,
while carrying out an operation of METAL* CASTING, supra.
5. OTHER - Process and/or apparatus not elsewhere provided
for to perfect or effect METAL*CASTING or MOLD MAKING,
supra.
*Throughout this class, the term "metal" is
to include pure metal, metal alloys and inter-metallic compounds.
AMPLIFIED STATEMENT OF CLASS SUBJECT MATTER.
This class in general provides for the foundry operations including
from those of making the molds and patterns to those of casting
a final metal product. These operations, particularly that of casting
the metal, do not have to be limited to a foundry operation in the
locational sense; but may be performed in any physical location, e.g.,
cast-welding rail ends in the field.
The metal casting of this class involves the shaping of a free
flowing liquid metal and as such is distinguished from other forms
of metal deformation such as metal bending, forging, billet extrustion,
etc., where the metal is never free flowing. Also a shaping surface
is required for placement in the class. For example, forming metal by
a shot tower will be found elsewhere. The shaping surface, though,
may remain as part of the final product. (See References to Other
Classes, below).
The mold making procedures provided for in this class are
generally of the sand shaping type although any fluent material
is included such as metal, plaster of paris, ceramic materials and
synthetic plastics. There molds so formed are limited to use in
metal casting operations and are not of general utility. Making
molds by shaping of solid materials are found in the particular
shaping classes except where the operation is combined with a subsequent
metal casting step; in such a case, the operation is provided for
in this class.
The pattern making procedures provided for in this class are
those of shaping a fluent material such as wax and other plastic
materials. Shaping a pattern from solid material such as by cutting
from wood are provided for in this class only when followed by a
further foundry operation such as forming a sand mold by using the
pattern.
The metal product treating operations provided for in this
class are those that are performed in conjunction with a metal casting
operation. Alloying of metals while pouring the metal into a mold
or while the metal is in a mold is provided for in this class.
Any reshaping of the metal while in the mold such as cutting, or
solid deforming are provided for in this class. Also, particularly
in the case of a continuously casting operation, the rolling or
bending of the continuously cast product (where the casting is also
claimed) is provided for herein if some of the contiguous product
is still in the mold.
Other miscellaneous adjuncts which are used to perfect a foundry
operation are provided for in this class if there is not a specific
class which provides for the subject matter. The main items of
this type are flasks, mold jackets, strippers, and core supporting
devices, e.g., chaplets. See Subclass References to the Current
Class, below.
SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS
A. MOLDING PROCESS AND APPARATUS CLASSES
1. Molds Without Structure.
A mold recited only by composition with no structure recited
will go to the appropriate composition class. See References to
Other Classes, below.
Patents wherein all the claims are limited to a mold mentioned
by name only with no structure recited and defined only in terms
of the composition of individual layers are classified in the appropriate
composite layer class. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
2. Metal
Class 249 provides for molds of a static character for metal
shaping. Generally any mold having a dynamic feature of the feature
of the following list is included in this class (164):
(a) A mold combined with means or pressing molding material
within the mold.
(b) A mold combined with a cover having projections penetrating
into the fluent hardenable material upon movement of the cover to
its operative position.
(c) A mold combined with means for moving the mold from one
side to another.
(d) A mold formed of separable and unconnected parts combined
with means to individually handle each part for assembly.
(e) A mold provided with a core or ejector combined with
a machine-type means for actuating the core or ejector.
(f) A mold combined with means to position the work relative
to the mold and which means functions to release the work to permit
it to fall in the mold.
(g) A mold or core combined with means for creating differential
pressure within the mold or core for dynamically shaping a molding
material.
(h) A mold combined with means for feeding material thereto,
except that a mold with an integral funnel element or a mold so
modified to provide structure especially designed for supporting
a feeding means, is classified in Class 249.
(i) A mold and means to vibrate the mold.
(j) A segmented female mold or core, e.g., tunnel type, etc.,
and power means, i.e., motor to move the segments to inoperative
or operative position.
(k) Continuous or semi-continuous forming apparatus.
Also, Class 249 provides for all static molds for metal shaping
except for molds made of sand or a similar particulate material
which is found in this class (164). See Subclass References to
the Current Class, below, for a subclass reference for mold made
of sand or a similar particulate material. A mold which by claim
or disclosure can be either sand or metal will be found in Class 249.
Combinations of sand and metal molds or cores are provided for
in this class (164) as are sand (only) mold adjuncts (such as a
metal chill).
Classes 264 and 425 provide for processes and apparatus respectively
for metal shaping by liquid or melt comminuting. In this operation
no mold is employed by the particles are shaped by the cohesive
nature of the material, e.g., solidifying of a molten metal to a
round ball while in free fall.
Molding processes and apparatus for metal powders are found
in Class 419 (processes with sintering), Class 264 (compacting processes),
and Class 425 (particle compositioning apparatus). In these powder
metallurgical operations, the particles retain their identity as
particles in the product. If they were completely fused, such operations
would be provided for in this class (164).
Processes and apparatus for deforming metal are provided for
elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below.)
Processes and apparatus for casting metal to form either single
type or type-bars that are adapted to be set up as a printing form
are provided for elsewhere. This class (164) provides for processes
and apparatus for casting stereotype plates. (See References to
Other Classes, below)
Processes of casting and molding material wherein a semiconductor
junction device or material is produced by claim or disclosure are
provided for elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes, below).
3. Nonmetallic Materials
Class 249, Static Molds, provides for static molds for the
general process of molding nonmetallic materials of Class 264, Plastic
and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating: Processes, while Class
425, provides for the dynamic molding apparatus. A claim or, if
not claimed, a disclosure of molding either metals or nonmetals
will be classified in the nonmetallic class. A combination of a
nonmetallic operation followed by an operation of this class (164)
will be found in this class (164). An operation of this class (164)
followed by an operation of a nonmetallic shaping class will be
found in the nonmetallic shaping class, i.e., Classes 264 and 425.
Class 65 provides generally for processes of molding glass.
A patent disclosing working of named materials for this class (164)
and Class 65 is classified in this class (164) unless the only species
claimed is glass or the only specific example relates to glass in
which case the patent is classified in Class 65. Combined processes including
metal casting and glass working and/or treating are classified
in this class (164).
B. COMPOSITION CLASSES
For placement of patents reciting a mold by name only see
Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, Molds Without Structure,
above.
1. Metallic
Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, provides for a process of refining combined
with a Class 164 process (significant or nominal). Class 420, Alloys or
Metallic Compositions, provides for a process of alloying followed
by casting where the alloying or refining step is either (1) prior
to or (2) subsequent to the casting operation, i.e., removed from
mold. This class (164) provides for apparatus for alloying or refining combined
with casting apparatus where the alloying or refining is performed
prior to or during casting. The term metal is utilized throughout
the class to encompass free metal alloy or intermetallic compound
as designated in Classes 75 and 420.
The order of superiority among various metal, alloy, and metal
stock areas and methods of manufacture involving them is as follows:
1. Class 419, Powder Metallurgy Processes.
2. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 22+, compositions
for treatment of solid metal.
3. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 300, 301, and 303+,
gaseous, liquid, or solid treating compositions for liquid metal
or charges, and subclass 302, welding rod defined by composition.
4. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 228+, consolidated
metal powder compositions and subclasses 255+, loose metal
particulate mixtures.
5. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, claimed as
products.
6. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 95-122, 194-287,
and 500-714, in class schedule order, providing for certain processes
of treating solid or semi-solid metal by modifying or maintaining
internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure) or chemical properties
of metal, processes of reactive coating of metal or processes of chemical-heat
removing (e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning of metal. However,
if metal casting, fusion bonding, machining, or working is involved,
there is a requirement of significant heat treatment as described
in the Class 148 class definition.
7. Class 148, Metal Treatment, subclasses 33+ barrier layer
stock material and subclasses 400+, stock.
8. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclassses 331+, processes
of making solid particulate alloys directly from liquid metal and
subclasses 343+, processes of producing purifying alloys
in powder form.
9. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 10.1+ and 10.67,
processes of making alloys by electrothermic, electromagnetic, or
electrostatic processes.
10. Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions, processes
of manufacture.
11. Class 75, Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, subclasses 330+, processes
of making metal and processes of treating liquid metals and liquid
alloys and consolidating metalliferous material.
12. Class 204, Chemistry: Electrical and Wave Energy, processes.
13. Class 164, Metal Founding, subclasses 1+, processes.
14. Class 266, Metallurgical Apparatus, subclasses 44+, processes
of operating metallurgical apparatus.
This list is not complete and may be added to as the proper
relationship of other areas is determined.
2. Nonmetallic
This class (164) provides for a process of shaping, per se,
of a mold, pattern or core device which is to be utilized in a metal
casting operation, where there are significant shaping steps recited.
The line with the various chemical composition classes and this
class (164) is the same generally as that set forth in Class 264,
Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Chemical Composition
Classes. Clarification as to some of the technology peculiar to
this class and any departures from the line set forth in Class 264
will be set forth below.
These lines are generally applicable where there is a mixing
or blending of the mold, pattern or core composition recited to
take place prior to the mold-step or a chemical reaction during
the molding step. Where there is no claimed disclosure as to a
chemical reaction, mixing or blending the patent is classified in
this class even when only nominal shaping is recited.
Unless otherwise provided for, the recitation in a claim of
a significant molding or shaping step will bring a patent to this
class. Significant molding operations include named shaping by compaction,
centrifugal force, spraying or slinging material against a shaping surface,
or extruding of mold materials to form a shaping surface, and combinations
of two or more broad molding or shaping steps and other combinations
as set forth in Class 264.
Patents reciting physical or mechanical treatment subsequent
to a broad molding step, e.g., shaping or molding broadly plus cutting
or removing of excess mold material or heating subsequent to removal
of a shaped article from forming surface to complete the cure will
be placed in this class. Mere stripping alone or nominal return
to ambient temperature is not considered to be an after treatment
or a subsequent treatment within the scope outlined above.
C. COMPOSITE ARTICLE FORMING CLASSES
1. Coating
The distinction between coating a metal onto a base for Class
118 or Class 427 and casting a metal onto the base for this class
is predicated upon the presence of confining means for the molten
metal as it solidifies on the base. If the melt is confined in all
directions on the base against the force of gravity it is considered
a process or apparatus appropriate for this class. The confining
means may be structural dams, previously solidified casting material,
or part of the base itself.
Also, if a metal layer is formed in a mold and another layer
coated on the initial layer while it is still in a mold the operation
is considered molding of plural layers for this class rather than
coating since the operation takes place in a mold.
2. Fusion Bonding
This class (164) provides for a process and apparatus for joining
two or more preforms or portions of the same preform, where (a)
a removable mold member is used and (b) the molten metallic material
is confined in all directions against the force of gravity (hole
filling is considered a joining of portions). Fusion bonding therefor,
not meeting the above limitation, is classified elsewhere. Processes
and apparatus for bonding or welding by means of electric heating
are also provided for elsewhere. (See References to Other Classes,
below.)
SEARCH NOTES
Only a limited amount of cross-referencing and cross-noting
has been done between process and apparatus subclasses where the
subject matter provides for is of comparable scope. One is cautioned
therefore, to utilize both the process and apparatus sections of
the schedule when determining fields of search.
SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO THE CURRENT CLASS
Metal Working, appropriate subclasses, especially
subclasses 527.1+ for processes involving casting and additional
treatment of the casting after it is removed from the mold. This class
(164) provides for operation of preparing, e.g., coating, cutting,
shaping by deforming, etc., a preform for a casting operation where the
preform is the casting metal or a part of a final composite product,
or removing a portion of the preform after the casting operation where
the removal was to perfect the casting operation, e.g., position
preform during compositing. See also Class 29, subclasses 526.2+ for
processes of separation or localization of as-cast defects in ingots
(e.g., anti-pipe). Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within
This Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes and C, Composite
Article Forming Classes, supra.
Drying and Gas or Vapor Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for, per se, drying of a formed
mold, and especially
subclass 437 for processes of treating hollow articles or articles held
in or on forms.
Chain, Staple, and Horseshoe Making, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus for
making chains in which some manufacturing operation more than casting
and joining is involved.
Glass Manufacturing, provides generally for processes of molding glass.
(See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding
Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
Metal Deforming, for processes and apparatus for deforming metal. The metal
is in a self-sustaining conditioning during the formation. It may
be "plastic" but it is not liquid (i.e., seeks its
own level under the force of gravity).
subclasses 253.1+ provides for forming by extruding through an orifice.
The metal stock may be supplied to the feed chamber in the form
of a liquid as a convenient way of handling a charge, but the charge
must be solidified before it is forced through a die for placement
in Class 72. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 228+ for metal stock, blanks, or indeterminate articles.
(Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process
and Apparatus Classes, above.)
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses depending upon the metal
produced for combined processes involving refining operations where
not performed in the mold or while teeming into mold. See Lines
With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus
Classes and see Metallic, supra.
Compositions: Coating or Plastic,
subclasses 38.2+ for compositions which are (a) specialized for
use in making molds, (b) specialized for use in coating molds, or,
(c) molds claimed solely in terms of the composition of which they
are composed. Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This
Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, and B, Composition
Classes, supra.
Coating Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus for coating
molds where no more of the casting apparatus is claimed than is
necessary to present the mold to the coating device or station.
Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Composite
Article Forming Classes, supra.
Cleaning and Liquid Contact With Solids, appropriate subclasses for methods of freeing castings
of residual sand only, where the cleaning is effected by contact
with a liquid. See
subclasses 22.1 through 24for processes of cleaning the internal surfaces
of hollow work and subclasses 166+ for corresponding apparatus.
Wireworking, for process and apparatus for making wire containing
products in which some wireworking operation more than composite
casing or joining is involved.
Metal Treatment, particularly
subclasses 538+ for combined processes of casting and significant
heat treatment after removal from the mold or shaping surface to
modify or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical property of metal. See the Class 148 Class Definition
to determine what constitutes significant heat treatment. In continuous
casting operations, wherein the contiguous product is still connected
to the casting surface, a step involving significant heat treatment
of the solid or semi-solid metal which occurs outside or away from
the molding surface goes to Class 148. However, chemical heat removing
(e.g., flame-cutting, etc.) or burning (i.e., oxidation) of a continuously
cast metal goes to Class 164, if some of the continuously cast and
contiguous product is connected to the shaping surface. Cutting
operations, in the mold, goes to Class 164. See, particularly Class
148, subclasses 194+ for processes of chemical-heat removing
(e.g., flame cutting) or burning (i.e., oxidizing) of metal; subclasses 100+ for
combined processes involving casting followed by intentional alteration
of the magnetic properties of the casting after removal from the
mold.
Needle and Pin Making, for processes and apparatus for making needles and
pins in which some manufacturing operation more than metal casting
is involved.
Type Casting, for processes and apparatus for casting metal to
form either single type or type-bars that are adapted to be set
up as a printing form. This class (164) provides for processes and
apparatus for casting stereotype plates. (See Lines With Other
Classes and Within This Class, A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes,
above.)
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for disintegrating a mold or core not associated with a flask or
casting.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, appropriate subclasses for similar processes of molding
and shaping nonmetallic materials especially
subclasses 219+ for processes of mold making. See Class Definition,
Amplified Statement Of Class Subject Matter, supra., and Lines With
Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding Process and Apparatus,
and Composition Classes, supra.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes, for process for forming metal by a shot tower.
(See Class Definition, Amplified Statement Of Class Subject Matter, supra.)
Metallurgical Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for apparatus adapted for the treatment of
metals particularly
subclasses 168+ for apparatus for melting or otherwise treating molten
metal and subclasses 275+ for molten metal receptacles.
Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses depending upon the metal
value utilized for combined processes involving alloying operations
where not performed in the mold or while teeming into the mold.
Also, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class, Molding
Process And Apparatus Classes, and Composition Classes, supra.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, for apparatus for forming metal by a shot tower.
(See Class Definition, Amplified Statement Of Class Subject Matter,
supra.)
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 411.1+ and 615+ for nonmetallic and metallic
composites, respectively, defined in terms of the composition of
its components. (Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process and Apparatus Classes, above.)
Dentistry, appropriate subclasses for methods and apparatus
which effect specific dental steps (e.g., taking impressions of
teeth, trial filling, etc.).
Semiconductor Device Manufacturing: Process, for processes of casting and molding material wherein
a semiconductor junction device or material is produced by claim
or disclosure. (See Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers, (see Lines With Other Classes and Within This Class,
A, Molding Process And Apparatus Classes, above.)
SECTION V - GLOSSARY
ADDITION AGENT
In founding, any material, including principal alloying constituents,
densifiers, fluidizers, graphitizers, grain size controllers, etc.,
added to the molten metal to produce specific effects in the solid
metal.
CAPPING
Intentionally stopping the rimming action in steel after completion
of teeming.
CARBURIZING (Carbonizing)
Introducing carbon into ferrometals by heating above the
transformation temperature range while in contact with carbonaceous
material that may be solid, liquid, or gaseous.
CASTING
The formation of an article by pouring or forcing molten metal
into a mold or die and permitting it to solidify.
CHAPLET
A device for holding a core in place.
CHEEK
The intermediate part of a flask or mold that has more than
two parts.
CHILL
A piece of metal applied to the casting to hasten the solidification
in that area.
CONTINUOUS CASTING
Process of forming a product of indeterminate length wherein
a portion of the product is removed from a forming mold or surface
as a further contiguous portion is cast.
CONTINUOUS CASTING STRAND
Semi-solidified product of a continuous casting process or
apparatus comprising a generally molten center contained within
a cooler solidified shell.
COPE
The upper or topmost section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
CORE
A separable part of a mold that is used to create openings
and various shaped cavities in the casting.
CORE BOX
A box or container in which foundry cores are made.
CORE PRINT
A special projection on a pattern for forming impressions
or core seats in the mold into which the core itself is inserted.
Also refers to the projection on the core itself which fits into
the core seat.
DRAFT
The taper that is provided on otherwise verticle faces
of a pattern to facilitate its removal from the sand mold.
DRAG
The lower or bottom section of a flask, mold, or pattern.
Also referred to as nowel.
DRAW BAR
A bar used for lifting the pattern from the sand of the mold.
DROSS
The scum that forms on the surface of molten metals.
FLASH
A thin film of metal formed on a casting where the metal
has flowed between mating parts of the mold.
FLASK
A box, usually of metal or wood, used to hold sand in which
a mold is formed.
FLUX
(1) A substance that, by chemical action, promotes fusion
of a solid material.
(2) A material capable of forming with gangue or other earthy
matter, a liquid melt having the fusibility and chemical characteristics
suitable to a specific furnace process. Also, protective flux to
retard undesirable reactions.
GAGGER
A piece of metal used to support sand in deep pockets
of sand molds.
GATE
The end of the runner where the molten metal enters the mold.
HOT-TOP
An insulated portion of a mold that retains metal molten in
that area so that it can feed into the mold and alleviate shrinkage
voids.
INCLUSIONS
Particles of dirt, slag or other impurities occurring
in metals that were mechanically entrapped during solidification.
INGOT
An open-mold casting that is intended for remelting and recasting
or reworking to form finished products. Also referred to as billet.
INGOT MOLD
A heavy mold, usually of cast iron, into which molten metal
is teemed, as in the casting of ingots.
INVESTMENT PATTERN
A pattern of a material having a low melting point for use
in processes employing special techniques such as precision casting
where pattern withdrawal would be difficult.
MATCH PLATE PATTERN
A pattern plate with several patterns secured thereto
or a plate having matching pattern portions mounted on opposite
sides.
MELT
Metal that has been melted in preparation for casting.
NOWEL
See Drag.
PATTERN
A replica of an object to be cast and around which the mold
is constructed.
PATTERN PLATE
A board to which patterns are to be attached and which extends
substantially over the flask opening.
PIPE
A cavity formed in metal during the solidification of
the last portion of liquid metal, causing by contraction.
PREFORMED PRODUCT PART
A self-sustaining body which is to be incorporated in
the final product as a distinct part of the same (e.g., insert, etc.).
RAMMING
The operation of compacting sand into a sand mold and around
a pattern.
RISER
A reservoir of molten metal provided for feeding into
a casting as the metal in the mold solidifies thus preventing voids.
SAND MOLD
A mold made of sand and used for the making of sand castings.
A green sand mold is a mold used as made without any drying operations
and contains the original moisture of the mix.
SAND TEMPERING
Adding moisture to molding sand to make it workable.
SCAVENGER
A chemically active material added to molten metal to remove
oxides, gases, or other impurities.
SEGREGATION
The occurrence of impurities, inclusions, and alloying constituents
in nonuniform distribution.
SHELL MOLDING
A casting process utilizing a thin shell composed of resin-bonded
sand for the cope and drag section of the mold.
SINGLE CRYSTAL
A metallic mass that consists of a single crystallographic
grain instead of the usual polycrystalline material.
SLAG
The nonmetallic product of refining metal ores which results
from the reaction of the flux with gangue.
SPRUE
Gates and risers of a mold assembly; the hole through which
molten metal enters the mold; also, the waste portion attached to
the product.
STOOL
The separable base of an ingot mold. The base provides a
surface onto which the mold is placed, and also serves as the bottom
of the mold.
SWEEP
A small section of a regular pattern which is generally rotated
in sand to provide the whole mold cavity.
TEEMING
Pouring metal into a mold.
VENT
Small opening in a mold to allow trapped air to escape.
(1)
Note. Many of these subclasses have corresponding apparatus
subclasses, therefore, a complete search may involve apparatus
subclasses, which subclasses start at subclass 139 and continue to
end of the class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process directed to forming a surface capable of conveying
intelligence or a design by reproducing in printed form.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the combination of forming the mat
or matrix and casting of metal thereagainst to form a plate.
(2)
Note. The step of applying a backup member to a preformed
printing plate is not considered forming a printing plate to be
incorporated herein. This operation is found in the composite article forming
area, i.e., subclasses 91+.
Electrolysis: Processes, Compositions Used Therein,
and Methods of Preparing the Compositions,
subclass 69 for processes of electroforming printing plates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 2. Process wherein a dynamic pressure, e.g., vacuum, pneumatic,
hydraulic, etc., is directly applied to a molten metal to shape
the same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which includes the step of visually, audibly, or
chemically testing, sampling, or inspecting, or otherwise physically
or mechanically determining some variable condition in a cast article,
molding material, mold structure, or casting surface.
Glass Manufacturing,
subclasses 29.1+ and 29.12+ for processes of testing, inspecting,
measuring, or condition determination in a glass forming or molding
operation.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 40.1 for processes of measuring, testing or inspecting
in a plastic molding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process in which excess material in the form of flash, trim,
rejected products or used mold materials resulting from an intermittent
or continuous process or treating materials therefor, are recycled
or reused in the molding operation with or without purification,
reclamation or separation of the desired constituents from contaminants.
(1)
Note. To be placed herein, a patent must recite a recycling
of material employed previously in the mold making or casting process.
(2)
Note. The use of scrap or worn materials employed in commerce
are not considered to involve a recycling step.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 37.1+ for processes of recycling of reclaimed or purified
process material utilized in a nonmetallic molding operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which includes the step of producing by shaping
(1) a mold, pattern or core device either as a, per se, operation
by a method within the definition of this class or (2) in combination
with a step of employing said mold or core device in the production
of a cast product by a process classifiable in this class in which latter
instance the mold or core device may be formed by methods provided
elsewhere.
(1)
Note. Also included herein is the shaping of a mold to be
used in nonmetal molding of fluent or flowable materials if such
shaping is performed on fluent metallic material.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 219+ for processes of mold forming including sand molds
for nonmetallic shaping.
This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1. Process wherein an impervious consumable membrane is adhered
onto a particulate shaping surface by a vacuum.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to (1) shaping the forming surface utilizing
the material which is to be ultimately cast as the pattern or preform
member, or (2) shaping the forming surface wherein a preform member
which is to be integrated in the material to be cast as a final
product is embedded in the mold material during the shaping or forming
thereof.
(1)
Note. The product part in (2) above to be included herein
must be one which is individually handled.
This subclass is indented under subclass 9. Process wherein plural preform bodies, i.e., final product
part or material, are utilized in forming or included in the shaping
member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 10. Process wherein the final product parts or materials are
embedded in or held by a core member of the mold structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to fixing or hardening a formed shaping
surface by (1) igniting and burning the mold surface prior to pouring
the casting or (2) by forcibly directing an inert gaseous medium
against the shaping surface.
(1)
Note. The gaseous hardening agent to be included herein cannot
chemically react with the mold materials.
(2)
Note. The gaseous hardening agent must be under a positive
pressure application to be included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to shaping pattern which is or is intended
to be attached to a pattern, board or plate.
(1)
Note. Generally the plate or board upon which the pattern
is attached or an integral part thereof substantially covers the open
portion of a flask member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to shaping a forming surface combined with
the step of coating the so formed surface with a treating material
for perfecting a subsequent casting operation.
(1)
Note. The primary function of the coating provided for herein
is for treating the casting surface to perfect the casting operation,
e.g., release agent or lubricant to allow easy withdrawal of cast
product, fluxing or wetting agent. If the main purpose of the coating
is to retain or shape the work during the casting operation and
not merely to perfect the casting operation then the operation will
be found in subclasses 23+.
for process of forming composite plural part or
multi-layered mold and especially subclass 33 wherein a mold surface
is lined with mold material which functions to shape or retain the molten
material during the casting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 6. Process directed to shaping from a fluent material the forming
surface which confines and controls the ultimate desired shape of
the molten metal that is to be formed therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to perfecting the hardening of the forming
surface of a mold structure by contacting the surface with a gaseous
medium which is chemically reactive with the mold material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to applying the mold material, either in
bulk, droplet (mist) or particulate form, by propelling the material
through space under dynamic pressure against the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process wherein the particulate mold material that is sprayed
against the shaping surface contains a resin material.
(1)
Note. This subclass generally includes shell type molding
processes where the resin material functions as a binder.
(2)
Note. See Class 520, Synthetic Resins or Natural Rubbers,
for a resin or composition containing a resin.
This subclass is indented under subclass 20. Process directed to employing compressed air as a ram or
piston to force sand from a cartridge or container in which the
material is supplied in the shape of a compacted column or the like
against the shaping surface.
(1)
Note. The compressed air does not come into actual contact
with the sand that is being forced against the shaping surface.
for those patents in which a stream of compressed
air leaves the machine chamber carrying with it sand which is aerated
before and during the blowing process.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process wherein different parts or layers of mold materials
are integrated by a shaping or forming operation.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the non treating type coating or
lining of the mold structure and also the impregnation of the mold
structure.
(2)
Note. A lining which functions to retain the casting material
is included herein.
(3)
Note. The mere insertion of a reinforcing member in the mold
material is not sufficient to bring the patent here.
(4)
Note. If a flask is a mere container for the mold material
and does not affect the final shaping structure, the patent will
be provided elsewhere on other features.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which the different portions or parts of the
mold are successively shaped or formed on the same mold shaping
member, e.g., pattern member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which at least two different separable portions
or parts of the mold structure are shaped or formed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process in which a core is placed, disposed or sustained
in fixed relation with the forming surface of the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 31. Process directed to process of shaping a mold wherein plural
cores are maintained in spaced relationship within the mold cavity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 23. Process directed to forming a layer on the mold shaping
surface which functions to shape or retain the molten material during
the casting operation.
(1)
Note. Before placing a patent herein a determination must
be made that the lining functions to shape or retain the molten
cast material. Such guidelines as the thickness of the applied
lining, whether or not there are means, i.e., stops or dams, for
confining the lining material in the mold, whether or not there
are significant shaping steps disclosed, e.g., compacting, permanency
of the lining are to be considered in making the determination.
(2)
Note. The combination of shaping one layer of a multi-layered
mold and separately forming after removal from the initial shaping
member a lining on the preformed layer would be placed herein.
(3)
Note. Generally the patents found herein are those disclosing
lining centrifugal mold flasks with mold materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to extracting a destructable pattern from
the mold structure by (1) a chemical change, e.g., burning, etc.,
(2) a physical change of state, e.g., liquefying, etc., or (3) by reducing
a solid to a flowable granular material.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 221 for processes of destroying a pattern to disassociate
the same from a plastic shaping mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 15. Process directed to the step of actively pressing or packing
the mold materials against a mold shaping surface to form a densified
structure.
(1)
Note. The pressing or packing force must be greater than
the force of gravity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process directed to applying two or more pressure forces
which are different in kind upon the mold material to densify the
same.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process wherein the active pressing or packing is effected
by jarring the mold structure with a sudden blow or blows or by
oscillating the structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 37. Process directed to shaping a forming surface by compacting
the mold material against a shaping member, e.g., pattern, wherein
the shaping member is utilized as the primary force applying member.
(1)
Note. Patents directed to forming a hollow mold structure
by exerting radial pressure to the mold material are included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process wherein a shaped body of metallic material is produced
by effecting a deposition of a gas, vapor or projected comminuted melted
material, e.g., spray, etc., on a shaping surface.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 5+ for the process of comminuting a liquid material
(including metal) to form discrete solid particles, and subclass
309 for spraying or flinging plastic material against a shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 1. Process which includes the step of shaping molten metal
by means of a molding surface.
(1)
Note. Metallic material to be incorporated herein must be
a pure metal alloy, metallic composition, or intermetallic compound.
See the class definition of Class 420, Alloys or Metallic Compositions,
for the general definition of the terms alloy, or metallic composition
as used herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein an energy quantity is applied directly to
the work material as (1) an electromagnetic wave which is included
in the frequency spectrum including and above audio frequency range
(i.e., 50 cps), (2) an electric field or force or (3) an explosive
force.
(1)
Note. Included are such electromagnetic waves as radio, infrared,
light, ultraviolet and gamma rays.
(2)
Note. Application of sonic and supersonic wave energy are
included herein. The mere application of vibratory or oscillatory
forces without effecting transmission of wave energy, e.g, subsonic,
are provided for below on other features.
(3)
Note. For radiant energy to be included herein, it must be
specifically claimed.
Radiant Energy,
subclasses 324+ for methods and apparatus devoted to the corona
irradiation of material, subclasses 432+ for methods and
apparatus for irradiating contained, supported or transferred fluent
material, subclasses 453.11+ for methods and apparatus
including supports for irradiated objects with or without the irradiating
source and subclasses 492.1+ for methods and apparatus
to irradiate objects or material.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 405+ for processes involving the use of electrical or
wave energy in plastic molding operations; subclass 84 for process
of applying an explosive force to make a nonmetallic article.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a chemically reactive material is employed
in or on the body of casting material itself to raise or maintain
the temperature thereof.
(1)
Note. Applying an open flame to the casting material is not
considered a chemical reaction for this subclass.
(2)
Note. The reactive heating does not have to be in the mold
cavity but may be in some portion of the mold body.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 959 for processes of thermite type reduction-treating
of metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 53. Process wherein an exothermic chemical reaction in the proximity
of a metal body in solid state reduces the metal to a liquid in
an area of composition to effect a joining.
Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for formation of a metallic bonded
joint between parts or portions of the same part. Molten filler
material may be confined or retained by the shape or space between
the parts so long as a mold device is not employed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a material is directly added to a melt system
to (a) either become incorporated therein physically, e.g., alloying,
or (b) cause a chemical reaction to affect the metallic system.
(1)
Note. The added material may include principal alloying constituent,
densifiers, fluidizers, chemical graphitizers scavengers, grain-size
controller, etc.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes for producing
metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 55.1. Process directed to adding a chemically active, e.g., scavenger,
material to the metallic casting material to remove oxides, gases,
or other impurities therefrom.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes of treating
molten metal to remove unwanted components therefrom.
Alloys or Metallic Compositions, appropriate subclasses for alloying processes.
In Class 420, an alloying processes is classified with the composition
of the specific alloy made. Subclasses drawn to processes of making
alloys are: 18+, processes of adding magnesium to cast
iron; 29+, processes of making cast iron; 71, processes
of making over 9 percent chromium steel, e.g., stainless steel; 84+,
processes of adding lead, bismuth, selenium, tellurium or calcium to
ferrous alloys, usually to improve machineability; 115+,
processes of making low chromium steel; 129, general processes of
making ferrous alloys; 590, general processes of making alloys.
This subclass is indented under subclass 57.1. Process wherein the addition of the metal-containing material
to the metallic-casting material produces a casting having a nonuniform
composition.
(1)
Note. To be placed herein, the patent must disclose that
a nonhomogeneous casting is produced. A casting having a varying
alloy composition across a given cross section comes within the
scope of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process directed to exhausting or partially exhausting air
or other gases from the environment of the casting material, before,
during or after casting by applying a pressure differential directly
to the material.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for vacuum treatment of metals.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 500+ for processes of vacuum forming plastic materials,
and subclasses 101+ for processes of vacuum treating work.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process directed to applying, in addition to the differential
in pressure effected by the vacuum, a dynamic pressure medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process wherein the pressure differential created by the
vacuum effects the transport of the casting material to the mold
cavity thus effecting the shaping of the material.
(1)
Note. Included herein are those processes of applying a vacuum
through a mold to obtain a more perfect reproduction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 61. Process wherein a vacuum is present in the mold environment
during the introduction of the casting material into the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the work material is subjected to an inert
or reducing gaseous environment either before, during, or after
charging the casting material to a mold.
(1)
Note. An ambient atmosphere which may be inert is not included
herein.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, various subclasses for processes for gaseous treating
of metal.
Metal Treatment,
subclasses 633+ or 712+ for combined processes of significant
heat treatment of solid or semi-solid metal and treatment with a special
gaseous composition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Process wherein the inert or reducing atmosphere is effected
by a chemical reaction involving the casting material or is initiated
by the introduction of a reactive material into the mold environment.
This subclass is indented under subclass 66.1. Process wherein the casting material is rendered molten
under the affect of a inert or reducing gaseous ambient.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein (a) a portion of a preformed body or a body
formed during the casting operation is removed, or (b) where a body
is reduced into two or more parts.
(1)
Note. The body portion may be removed to reduce the size
thereof or, as in the case of a preform, to perfect the bond between
the preform and the metal cast, e.g., as in cutting to form interlocking means.
Metal Working,
subclasses 21 and 24 for cutting or finishing printing members;
and subclass 527.6 for casting combined with cutting or finishing after
removal from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 69.1. Process which includes the finishing of the casting by trimming,
cutting, or breaking before removal from the mold or mold part.
(1)
Note. The term "mode" as used herein includes
(a) the core or cores, (b) corelike elements associated with gate
portions of the casting and used for handling, and (c) conveying
means serving to support a continuous casting while said casting
is still associated with the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process directed to vibrating the casting material to effect
an internal change in the structure of the material, e.g., by removing
gases, inclusions, or by refining the crystalline structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process which includes the step of applying a coating to
the forming surface before the metal is introduced to the surface.
(1)
Note. A coating coming within the scope of this subclass
is one which merely perfects the casting operation but does not
itself shape the material, e.g., to lubricate.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 134+ for processes of coating a workpiece before a nonmetallic molding
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process which includes an operation which, by itself, is
neither an operation of this class nor a perfecting step of an operation
of this class.
Metal Working,
subclasses 527.1+ for a combined casting and manufacturing process
wherein the manufacturing step is performed after removing the cast
product from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein liquid metal is placed into a mold, a layer
of metal is solidified on the mold surface, and the excess liquid
is removed from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a unit is incorporated into the product
during the metal casting which provides a fracture or division plane
to subdivide the product.
Static Molds,
subclass 52 for static molds employing a static means to produce
a groove or depression in the product to facilitate breaking or
cutting. Subclass 84 for static mold providing for a unitable preform
which functions as a partition means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a substance is randomly incorporated into
the metallic material to produce a porous product.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclass 415 for processes of producing a metal product which has
a mass of pores.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the product contains at least two distinct
parts or portions which are movable relative to each other and which
are joined by the shaping operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process of making multi-layered articles by forming a metal
onto a preform or casting two or more metals into contact with one
another.
(1)
Note. A composite article must have at least two distinctive
zones of metal of the same or different materials. If solids of
the same metal or different metal are incorporated into cast molten
metal and such lose their identity this is not a composite for this
and indented subclasses.
(2)
Note. Included herein are those operations where two or more
metal preforms are united by fusing a portion of the metal to provide
a joint between them.
Metal Working,
subclass 428 for processes of assembling or joining in mechanical
manufacturing operations, and subclass 527.3 for casting and coating
manufacturing steps.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 241+ for processes of producing composite, plural part
or multi-layered articles wherein the molding material is nonmetal;
however one or more parts, portions or components of the composite
may be metal, e.g., process of uniting two spaced metal preforms
is in subclass 261.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein a worn, damaged, or used article is restored
for reuse in a similar capacity without altering or destroying the
overall configuration of said article.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 36.1+ for processes of repairing or restoring nonmetallic
articles for reuse by molding operations, especially subclass 36.18
for articles containing inorganic materials.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process of forming a composite article wherein two or more
different metals are poured into a mold simultaneously and wherein
at least two of said metals are temporarily separated by a barrier
means which is removed either physically or by melting same to allow
said metals to come into contact.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process of forming a composite article by sequentially casting
molten metal.
(1)
Note. The sequentially cast molten metal(s) may be cast onto
and in contact with the previously cast metal or may be separated
from one another by some preformed portion, part or component of
the composite article.
(2)
Note. The metals cast may be of the same or different materials;
however, if the metals cast are the same material, the prior cast
metal must be cooled and solidified, i.e., act as a preform, before the
subsequent metal is cast.
Metal Fusion Bonding,
subclasses 225+ for a process involving at least two applications
of filler material to effect a single joint. Successive depositions
of filler material may involve deposition of successive strata one upon
the other as well as successive depositions on opposite sides of
the joint.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 250+ for processes of separately molding different article
portions where the material molded is other than metal; subclass
308 for incremental layer molding of nonmetal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 95. Process wherein at least two of the cast different metallic
materials are maintained stratified although in a liquid condition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 91. Process wherein the composite is formed by uniting plural
nonindividually handled pieces with the molten metal.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 265 for process of preconditioning of a preform in
nonmetallic compositing operations.
Powder Metallurgy Processes,
subclasses 30+ for powder metallurgical processes for making products
including sintering and also including significant pretreatment
of the powder prior to compacting or sintering; and subclasses 62+ for
similar processes not utilizing heat.
This subclass is indented under subclass 100. Process of treating the surface of the preform with some
chemically reactive agent.
(1)
Note. Although chemical treatment may result in the surface
layer of the preform being chemically changed, such treatment does
not involve a separate coating which acts as the bonding medium.
This subclass is indented under subclass 103. Process wherein the preheating is accomplished by means
of a heating material in the liquid state which contacts either
the preform or the mold.
(1)
Note. Preheating of the preform by means of the cast material
which makes up part of the product is included herein only if it
is specifically claimed as such.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein the cast metal acts upon the preform to
reshape it while maintaining the preform"s integrity either
by the casting pressure or by the forces set up during cooling.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 266 for simultaneous shaping of nonmetallic material
and reshaping a preform body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process wherein a preform is united to a cast metal to perfect
the cast metal by treating rather than to provide a united article
as such.
(1)
Note. By treating is meant a change in the physical or chemical
properties of the cast metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process of making a composite and unitary product by joining
together a plurality of preforms or two spaced areas of the same
preform with cast metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 108. Process of forming a composite article by joining together
a plurality of planar laminar preforms positioned in substantially
parallel planes to one another and at least partially coextensive.
(1)
Note. The preforms may be spaced from one another or in contact
with one another.
This subclass is indented under subclass 98. Process where the preform has depressions therein or projection
therefrom which cause the molten metal to mechanically lock with
the preform.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 274 for processes of embedding a preform provided with
means to provide an interlock with nonmetallic molding material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process wherein the material is impelled radially outwardly
against the forming surface by rotation of the surface.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclass 311 for processes of utilizing centrifugal force in
shaping nonmetallic material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process wherein the angle of inclination of the axis of
rotation is varied between the time of charging of the material
and ejecting the product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 114. Process wherein the charge of material is introduced incrementally
along the axis of the mold during rotation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 113. Process wherein a compaction of the material is accomplished
after the primary casting material is against the forming surface
by a separate and distinct force from that used to introduce the
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein an unidirectional temperature gradient is
established along a mold to cause progressive solidification of
molten metal within the mold.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, other than metal single-crystal formed in
a mold proper herein, however, metals, intermetallics, and alloys which
are semiconductors are excluded herein and are proper for Class
117.
Single-Crystal, Oriented-Crystal, and Epitaxy
Growth Processes; Non-Coating Apparatus Therefor, for processes for growing therein-defined single-crystal
of all types of materials, other than metal single-crystal formed in
a mold proper herein, however, metals, intermetallics, and alloys which
are semiconductors are excluded herein and are proper for Class
117.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein the regulation is effected by the addition
of a separate layer of a heat barrier material to the free surface
of the melt after casting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein the regulation is effected by the application
of a gas or flame to the cast material itself.
This subclass is indented under subclass 122. Process wherein the solidification is varyingly controlled
by two or more simultaneous different rates of heat loss.
This subclass is indented under subclass 125. Process wherein the differential dissipation of heat is
effected by means of an insert or mold section placed at the mold
surface or embedded in the mold to provide a zone of greater heat absorption.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the produced product is separated from the
surface of which it was shaped.
(1)
Note. Included herein are patents claiming, per se, stripping
operation, i.e., not including a forming operation.
(2)
Note. Included herein are generally patents which include
a unique article removal operation. Numerous patents which are
directed to a particular casting operation will also disclose or
claim a removal operation. Such patents are cross-referenced here
only where the evidence shows the article removal operation to be
nonconventional.
This subclass is indented under subclass 131. Process wherein the surface is that of a separate mold part
used to form an opening or cavity in the product, i.e., core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein the material to be cast is handled with
either a regulation or directionalization of the charge or a physical
treatment of the charge.
(1)
Note. The mere teeming of metal into a mold is not included
herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 133. Process wherein the control or manipulation is accomplished
by a changing orientation or position of the shaping surface, introduction means
or some portion of these members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein two or more members of a mold are brought
into operative casting relationship.
(1)
Note. Included herein are generally patents which include
a unique mold assembling operation. Numerous patents which are
directed to a particular casting operation will also disclose or
claim a mold assembling operation. Such patents are cross-referenced
here only where the evidence shows the mold assembling operation
to be nonconventional.
Static Molds,
subclasses 112+ for static molds employing a removable or movable
liner. Subclass 114.1 for static molds employing a coating or adherent
layer.
APPARATUS FOR CASTING PRINTING PLATES (E.G., STEREOTYPE,
ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus for casting a surface capable of conveying intelligence
or design by reproducing in printed form, e.g., type and stereotype
plates.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus including means combined with the casting means
for cutting or trimming the cast plate while said casting is associated
with the mold or a portion of the mold.
(1)
Note. The term mold as used herein includes (1) the core
or cores, (2) core-like elements associated with gate portions of
the casting and used for handling, and (3) conveying means serving to
support a continuous casting while said casting is still associated
with the molding means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus which includes a separate container for fluidizing
or maintaining fluid for the casting material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus with means for metering or controlling the flow
of molten cast material from the melting chamber to the casting
chamber.
This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Apparatus which include a means applying pressure to introduce
the casting material into the shaping member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus including a mold with additional heating or cooling
means therefore for treating or conditioning the metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 139. Apparatus which includes means for separating or withdrawing
the cast printing plate from the shaping surface.
INCLUDING MEANS TO DIRECTLY APPLY MAGNETIC FORCE TO WORK OR
TO MANIPULATE OR HOLD SHAPING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes means for (1) directly applying
magnetic forces to material which is to be a part of the product,
e.g., metal charge, insert, etc., or for (2) applying the magnetic
forces to move or position the shaping parts.
(1)
Note. To be included in (2) supra, the force to move the
shaping part has to be generated by a magnetic force although it
may be indirectly applied through mechanical linkages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 146. Apparatus directed to means for applying electromagnetic
energy directly to the apparatus parts or to the work material.
(1)
Note. A disclosure or recitation of electromagnetic means
whether applied to the shaping member, in a circuit, used as a switch,
or as an element for any function in the apparatus is included herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147.1. Apparatus wherein the electromagnetic means positions, clamps,
or brings into operative relation, portions of a forming structure.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means for visual, auditory, or tactile
annunciation or recording of a condition therein, or means permitting
observation of a portion thereof normally hidden from view.
(1)
Note. Included herein are the indicia type indicators for
imprinting reference symbols in the cast product.
(2)
Note. Included herein is an apparatus having a particular
condition intended to be interpreted by human intelligence.
Communications: Electrical, appropriate subclasses for an electrically powered indicator,
per se; see particularly
subclasses 815.4+ for a visual indicator, subclasses 384.1+ for
an audible indicator, and subclass 407.1 for a tactile indicator;
subclasses 500+ for electrical automatic condition responsive
indicating systems.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus having means for detecting the velocity of the
product, melt, or any component of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus having means for detecting (a) the location of
a component or product therein, (b) the relative placement between
any two components or between a component and a product therein,
or (c) the lineal extent of a component or product therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 150.1. Apparatus having means for detecting a process parameter
related to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, enthalpy,
heat capacity, etc.) of the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 151.4. Apparatus having means for detecting a failure or imminent
failure of the shell of a continuous casting strand to contain the
molten center.
(1)
Note. See the GLOSSARY for a definition of "continuous
casting strand."
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means to prevent injury to workman
or apparatus in event of malfunctioning or in the operation of the
apparatus or a portion thereof.
(1)
Note. Means which merely function to aid or promote the comfort
of the operator are not considered to come within the scope of this
subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apparatus wherein the safety means prevent damage to the
apparatus in the event of malfunctioning.
(1)
Note. Means which are used to allow each cycle of the machine
to be completed as scheduled are not considered to be safety means
responsive to a malfunctioning since they are actuated in the performance
of every complete cycle.
CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO OR ACTUATED BY MEANS SENSING
OR MEASURING A CONDITION OR VARIABLE (I.E., AUTOMATIC CONTROL):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having means to regulate the operation thereof
influenced by means monitoring a process parameter of the apparatus.
(1)
Note. A patent need not claim the monitoring means to be
classified hereunder, so long as it claims the regulating means.
Data Processing: Generic Control Systems or Specific
Applications,
subclasses 1 through 89for computer controlled systems or methods, generally,
and subclasses 197-205 and subclasses 207-212 particularly for control
systems related to molding and melting, respectively.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is (a)
the location of a component or product therein, (b) the relative
placement between any two components or between a component and
a product therein, or (c) the lineal extent of a component or product
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.2. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is a mathematical
derivative (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) of the location or
size of the product, melt, or any component of the apparatus with
respect to time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is related
to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, enthalpy, heat capacity,
etc.) of the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is force
per unit area applied to the melt, the product, or any component
of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the operation regulated is the delivery
of a substance comprising (a) molten metal or additives therefor
to a mold or (b) sand, binder, or other additives therefor to a mold
forming means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is the
fill height of the substance in a supply (e.g., tundish, etc.),
a mold, or any component of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the parameter monitored is force per unit
area applied to the melt, the product, or any component of the apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is (a)
the location of a component or product therein, (b) the relative
placement between any two components or between a component and
a product therein, or (c) the lineal extent of a component or product
therein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.4. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is a mathematical
derivative (e.g., first, second, third, etc.) of the location or
size of the product, melt, or any component of the apparatus with
respect to time.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the process parameter monitored is related
to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, etc.) of the melt,
product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.1. Apparatus wherein the parameter monitored is the gravitational
force on the melt, the product, or any component of the apparatus,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 155.2. Apparatus including means for detecting the process parameter
comprising either an electrically conductive probe or a buoyant
means.
WITH CONTROL MEANS RESPONSIVE TO INDEPENDENT TIMING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus having a means independent of the apparatus work
performing parts, which allows a set time period to elapse during
an apparatus operation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus including positive means for removing undesirable
material from a mold making or metal casting apparatus.
This subclass is indented under subclass 160.1. And means to apply consumable shielding film to shaping
surface: Apparatus including an impervious consumable membrane adhered onto
a particulate shaping surface by the applied suction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus including mold forming means in which material
is removed by the operation of a moving sweep, strickle, profile
pattern or cutter.
This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apparatus which includes means specially adapted to remove
material for forming a sprue or riser in a mold structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus with means specially adapted for shaping thin
mold sections of resin-sand mixtures, i.e., shell molds.
(1)
Note. Depending upon the extent of unsupported shell sections
and the gravity head of the liquid or molten casting metal, the
shell may be externally backed up with steel shot, sand or similar material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 165. Apparatus which includes plural distinct stations, e.g.,
dispensing, for compacting, curing oven, ejection means, etc., for
performing manufacturing operations upon the shell molds being formed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus wherein the mold shaping operation is performed
by pressure means which function to ram pack or compress the mold
material.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for means for shaping plastic or
fluent material, especially
subclasses 376.1+ for an extrusion molding machine, subclasses 406+ for a
press molding machine, and subclasses 425+ for the combination
of a female mold and a tamper or vibrator; see the search notes
thereunder.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus wherein the mold material is impelled radially
outwardly against the forming surface by the rotation of the surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 177. Apparatus wherein the compacting action is effected by (1)
rotation of the pattern member or (2) rotation of the flask as the
pattern member is progressively advanced therethrough.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus including means operable for relatively drawing
mold parts from the shaping member after compaction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus directed to means adapted to separate a pattern
from cope and drag members where the pattern is situated intermediate
said members and wherein said means effects a parallel draw of cope
and pattern respectively from each other and the drag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus directed to a machine with means for turning the
pattern, flask or shaping member.
(1)
Note. The inverting means may serve a dual function, i.e.,
invert the shaping member and also effect the withdrawal operation
or may only serve to deliver the shaping member to the withdrawal station.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus wherein the inverting means rotates the entire
mold machine, i.e., the press head as well as the mold supporting
unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 183. Apparatus characterized by having the frame that inverts
the pattern plate oscillatorily supported about an axis located
to one side.
(1)
Note. The above apparatus is to be distinguished from the
roll over type machine characterized by having a frame that carries
the pattern plate, oscillatorily supported about a substantially
central axis.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus wherein the pattern member acts as the primary
compressing member in shaping the forming surface, i.e., the shaping
or compacting force is transmitted through or by the pattern member.
(1)
Note. The pattern surface acts as the parting surface during
the withdrawal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Apparatus having a plate that fits accurately around the
pattern and through which the patterns are drawn either by moving
the pattern supports down or by raising the plate and the mold half
upwardly free from the pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 180. Apparatus having a plate member that fits accurately around
the pattern and supports the sand of the shaped member during withdrawal of
the pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus which includes means for dispensing discrete charges
or portions of mold forming materials into a flask or receptacle
under the influence of gravity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus which includes means for discharging a predetermined
quantity of mold forming material into a flask or receptacle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 192. Apparatus including separate and distinct means for charging
a mold forming means with molding material and means for compacting the
mold material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus having two or more dynamic mold compaction means
identifiable as separate units each doing a complete operation of
a different kind, e.g., mold pressing means combined with mold vibrating
means, blow molding means combined with mold vibrating means, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 196. Apparatus wherein the compacting means includes a pressure
member which exerts a vibratory force in addition to a pressing
type force.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus having means operable for mechanically slinging
wads of sand at high velocity onto the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Apparatus with a swinging arm including the slinging means
which can be positioned above any portion of the flask or receptacle.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus comprising means utilizing a gaseous pressure
discharge assistant for projecting mold forming material against
a shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus including means for relatively positioning the
blow chamber and shaping member for operational engagement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 200. Apparatus combined with a perforated element to (1) distribute
the gaseous pressure medium or (2) distribute the mold forming material
just prior to contact with the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus wherein the compacting operation on the mold forming
material is performed by means effecting a vibrating, jarring or
jolting action upon the mold forming material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus including a static rammer means which cooperates
in the compaction of the mold forming material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus wherein a pattern supporting frame is either oscillatorily
supported about an axis located to one side of the machine, i.e.,
rock over type, or oscillatorily supported about a substantially
central axis of the machine, i.e., roll over type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 203. Apparatus having fluid pressure actuator means for effecting
the vibrating, jarring or jolting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 169. Apparatus employing a dynamic pressure member for shaping
the mold material.
(1)
Note. Apparatus included herein is either a press machine
or press members to be employed therein. A machine is an apparatus
which follows a mechanical law defined by its structure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus comprising a single plunger co-acting with individual
molds of a group successively presented by movable mold shaping member
support means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus wherein the pressure platen is pivoted for displacement
transversely of the compressing direction to a nonuse direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 207. Apparatus including fluid pressure means moving a mold shaping
member in an oscillatory or reciprocatory movement, generally to
provide engagement with a substantially stationary rammer member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 159. Apparatus having means to effect a withdrawal of the shaped
mold part from the mold shaping member or vice versa.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus which includes means for withdrawing the cope
from the pattern and the pattern from the drag in parallel relation
by a true rectilinear movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus including a plate member surrounding the pattern
which functions to maintain the mold material during withdrawal
of the pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus directed to means for withdrawing a pattern which
effect an equal and parallel draw motion to the pattern with reference
to at least two points.
(1)
Note. The withdrawing force must be applied to at least two
points and does not include those means in which the force is applied
at a single point and the pattern merely guided along parallel lines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 218. Apparatus wherein a stool is utilized to support a section
of the mold inside the stripping plate during the withdrawal of
the pattern member.
(1)
Note. The stool generally supports a green sand core during
the withdrawing of the pattern member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus with means for drawing a mold shaping member from
a mold with or without lifting the mold or stripping the pattern
in which the operation is facilitated by means vibrating or rapping
the shaping member or work piece either before or after the drawing operation
commences.
(1)
Note. Included herein are apparatus having devices adapted
to be vibrated and to communicate vibrations to the shaping member,
per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus including means for inverting or turning the mold
shaping member upside down or vice versa to facilitate the withdrawal
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus which includes means for holding the flask and
pattern while the mold is being formed and which will be capable
of drawing the pattern downwardly from the mold.
(1)
Note. Generally the pattern is mounted on reciprocal pattern
head means for positioning and stripping the pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus with ejector pin means for contacting the mold
part to effect a lifting of the mold part from the shaping member
or vice versa.
This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Apparatus with means for separating the mold shaping member
from the mold by lifting the latter off the shaping member, in which
the shaping member has no movement during the mold lifting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus with a preform part, located therein, which is
to become integrated with the core member during the shaping of
the said member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus wherein the core shaping means is comprised of
plural movable parts which are adapted to produce a cavity or undercut
portion in the core member.
(1)
Note. Mere vent forming means are not considered means for
forming a recess or cavity within the scope of this subclass.
This subclass is indented under subclass 228. Apparatus which includes means defining venting passages
in the core box or means for forming vents in the shaped core member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus in combination with a container or box without
top and without fixed bottom for confining mold material in which
the same is being shaped.
(1)
Note. The flask may either consist of (1) the cope, (2) the
drag or (3) the cope and drag.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus wherein the pattern or pattern holding member
is supported by apertures in the flask wall or flask supporting
member, e.g., follow board, etc.
(1)
Note. The flask supporting member may be a plate or follow
board upon which the flask walls and pattern rest, e.g., a flask
supported on a follow board having an aperture in which the pattern
rests would be encompassed herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 237. Apparatus wherein the pattern is (1) a match pattern plate
or (2) the pattern is temporarily or permanently supported by the
plate or board during the mold shaping operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus including plate means for temporarily or permanently
supporting patterns and parts of patterns during molding combined solely
with the patterns themselves.
This subclass is indented under subclass 241. Apparatus with a cope pattern located on one side of the
pattern plate and a drag pattern located opposite said cope pattern
on the other side of the plate, said apparatus being an integral
unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 245. Apparatus wherein the pattern is adapted to be withdrawn
solely by nonlinear movement, e.g., screw type pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 235. Apparatus for patterns defined in terms of a series of materials
whether or not other structural features of the pattern are recited.
MEANS TO DIRECTLY APPLY ELECTRICAL OR WAVE ENERGY TO WORK:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes means to apply an energy quantity
directly to work material either as (a) wave energy in the frequency spectrum
above the lower audio frequency range, (i.e., fifty cycles per second),
or (b) an electric field or force.
(1)
Note. In order for radiant energy to be placed herein, the
radiant heat must be specifically claimed.
MEANS TO APPLY VACUUM DIRECTLY TO WORK OR TO HOLD OR MANIPULATE
SHAPING MEANS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus combined with means for (1) exhausting or partially
exhausting air or other gas from the work material, (2) directly
applying a vacuum or suction to work material either in a melting
furnace, material receptacle, or before, during or after charging
of the work material into a shaping member, or (3) applying vacuum
or suction to the apparatus or portions thereof for positioning,
retaining or aligning of parts.
(1)
Note. The application of the vacuum or suction may perform
a dual function, e.g., exhaust air or other gases from the mold
or work material and also effect movement of the work material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Apparatus wherein the vacuum is applied to the casting material
through a vent or minute openings in a mold wall.
This subclass is indented under subclass 254. Apparatus which includes means for directly applying a vacuum
or suction in a closed system encompassing a receptacle and a casting mold.
(1)
Note. The closed system may include a melting furnace, an
intermediate charging chamber and a casting chamber and the vacuum
or suction may be applied in all or any one of them.
This subclass is indented under subclass 256. Apparatus with vacuum or suction means for feeding the molten
metal into the charging chamber receptacle.
(1)
Note. The vacuum or suction effect may be created by a pressure
cylinder which operates to force the molten metal from the charging
receptacle to the mold.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes casting means combined with means
for cutting or trimming the casting while it is associated with
the mold or a portion of the mold.
Static Molds,
subclass 52 for static molds employing a static means to produce
a groove or depression in the product to facilitate breaking or
cutting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 262. Apparatus directed to rod or punch means which are actuatable
to sever the casting from the gate portion.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes a means to chemically purify an
ore or combined metal to produce a metal value.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes for producing
metals.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes a means to apply a layer to a base
by a coating operation which base and layer are to be a composite product.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes a means for placing, conveying
or otherwise moving in a nonmanufacturing manner the product or
product portion of a casting operation after the product or product
portion has been separated for the shaping surface.
(1)
Note. Merely ejecting or removing the product from a mold
will not bring the patent to this subclass. The manipulation must
be more than a mere perfecting of the casting operation.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes a means to perform an operation
which is, per se, not of this class and is not a perfecting means
for an operation of this class.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus wherein such apparatus provides a surface to impart
a shape to molten metal as it freezes.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus, appropriate subclasses for molding apparatus for shaping
or reshaping fluent or plastic material not elsewhere provided for;
especially see
subclasses 78+ for means for molding powdered metal.
Stock Material or Miscellaneous Articles,
subclasses 544+ for stock materials, e.g., of indefinite length,
which are all metal or have adjacent metal components.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus wherein a means is employed to shape molten metallic
material by peripherally confining, or engaging with a surface only
a relatively small portion of the body of molten material, but shaping
the entire body by moving it across the surface.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 332+ for a ball former comprising means imparting a
rolling action to a discrete charge of nonmetallic material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus wherein the means shapes by a force other than
gravity.
(1)
Note. The term pressure shaping includes all force type operations
of bringing the metal into contact with a shaping surface, e.g.,
centrifugal force, kinetic force, fluid pressure force, etc., except
those operations where the only force is the static head of the
casting material acting through a riser or gate, i.e., gravity force.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclass 425 , for molding apparatus utilizing mold motion (e.g.,
centrifugal molding, etc.), to shape a nonmetal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus which includes means to compensate or correct
a weight differential across the axis at rotation.
(1)
Note. To be included herein, a balancing means does not have
to be adjustable, e.g., it may be a permanent mass diametrically
opposite a mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus wherein a forming cavity is positioned so that
the axis of rotation for centrifugal formation does not extend through
it.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus having means to accommodate or neutralize deformations
in the dimensions of the apparatus during the casting operation.
(1)
Note. Included herein are apparatus constructions which are
specifically determined to prevent warpage or expansion deformations
from being detrimental even though a separate member or compensator
is not provided.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus having means to detachably force fasten either
(1) mold parts together or (2) a mold in the rotating device.
This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Apparatus having plural cavities extending around the axis
of rotation, each of said cavities forming a separate product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 298. Apparatus which includes a feeding channel extending along
at least a portion of the axis of rotation inside the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 299. Apparatus wherein the trough is enabled to change its position
along the horizontal axis of the mold during the filling of the
mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus wherein the pressure acts upon a body of the charge
to force it into a confined shaping area to be shaped by said pressure.
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus wherein a stopper or cutoff means is present in
the feed port of a mold for closing the opening.
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus which includes means specifically provided for
facilitating the removal of gas in the article forming cavity proper
or the introduction port thereto.
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus wherein the injection means includes means to
apply a gas pressure directly to the casting material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Apparatus which includes a cover member for a mold holding
means which makes a gas tight closure and contains a port through
which the pneumatic charging pressure is introduced.
This subclass is indented under subclass 306. Apparatus wherein the pneumatic pressure means forces the
metal directly from a melting unit or part thereof to the casting
cavity.
(1)
Note. Apparatus is included herein where a nozzle acceptor
or charge form the melting unit but remains at least partially submerged
in the molten metal of the unit.
This subclass is indented under subclass 310. Apparatus which includes a charging chamber and spout having
provision for introduction of the charge through the ejection end
of the spout, i.e., through the spout port that contacts the mold
gate.
This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Apparatus wherein the injection means comprises a piston
operating through a cylinder directly on the fluid casting material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus which include at least two pistons which have
opposed pressure faces which act to inject the casting material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 314. Apparatus wherein the hydraulic piston is controlled by
a single valve having three or more flow lines with an actuator
arranged so as to determine the relative order, duration or flow through
each of the several flow lines.
This subclass is indented under subclass 312. Apparatus wherein the piston means forces the metal directly
from a melting unit or charge chamber to the casting cavity.
(1)
Note. Apparatus is included herein where the charge is first
segregated into a charging chamber while in the melting area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Apparatus wherein the pressure piston has an opening through
which to convey pressurized metal towards the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 316. Apparatus which includes a fluid pressure operated piston-charger.
(1)
Note. The piston may be directly operated by the fluid pressure
or the operating force may be generated by fluid pressure and transmitted
by mechanical linkages.
This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Apparatus wherein the pressure shaping means is a solid
member which is applied to the metal after it is in the mold or
otherwise confined.
This subclass is indented under subclass 319. Apparatus wherein the pressure means is an element which
applies a pressure acting in a radially outward direction from a
cavity in the product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus which includes two or more molds which do not
rely upon each other for shaping a complete product and are not
filled by the same sprue, gate or runner.
This subclass is indented under subclass 322. Apparatus which includes means to change the loci of the
molds.
(1)
Note. To be included herein the mold must leave one locus
for another. Mere movement at one locus is insufficient, e.g.,
moving mold parts together, tilting of a mold, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Apparatus wherein the moving means is a rigid structure
carrying the molds in a generally circular circuit around its axis.
Static Molds,
subclasses 155+ , for a static container type mold having a size
adjustable feature, subclasses 160+ for a static container
type mold having plural mold sections and subclasses 184+ for
a plural section static core member.
Static Molds,
subclasses 155+ for a static container type mold having a size
adjustable feature, subclasses 160+ for a static container
type mold having plural mold sections and subclasses 184+ for
a plural section static core member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 329. Apparatus which includes a mechanical member which contacts
the mold or product to separate the cast product from the mold.
for means to shape metallic material including product
ejection means; and the search notes thereto for apparatus of this
class including ejector means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus which includes means for holding or positioning
a preformed part, which is to become a part of the final cast product,
in a mold during the casting operation.
(1)
Note. To be included in this and indented subclasses the
preform must be disclosed as a desired element of the product.
for processes of forming a composite article wherein
a preform is incorporated into the metal cast, particularly see
subclass 112 for methods of positioning a preform relative to the
shaping surface.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 259+ , for processes of shaping and uniting material
other than metal to a performed product part. See subclasses 275+ for
processes of positioning or maintaining position of preform relative
to mold surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 332. Apparatus having means other than the mold (core) surface
for supporting or holding the preform body.
(1)
Note. A mere clamp, e.g., a device integral with or abutting
a molding surface which also aids in supporting the preform, is
not considered to be "other" support means.
(2)
Note. A separate and distinct means employed to support a
preform in a particular location within the mold cavity where said
means becomes a part of the cast product is considered to be within the
scope of "other" support means and is included
herein.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus including a receptacle or container for holding
and/or dispensing the molten material into a shaping member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus wherein either (1) the melt receptacle is rotatable
together with the mold to fill same or (2) a ladle, which removes
a portion by dipping from a larger melt receptacle, turns over to
dispense the charge into a mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 335. Apparatus with either a flow controller or conduit means
located intermediate the mold and the molten metal dispenser for
effecting discharge of the material into the mold.
Static Molds,
subclass 79 for a static metal mold having electric heating means;
and subclass 80 for static metal mold having means within mold body
to confine heat exchange medium.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 402+ for processes of heating nonmetal cast material
by direct application of electrical or wave energy; and subclasses
319+ for processes of applying heat to a nonmetal cast
material which is shaped against a forming surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 338.1. Apparatus wherein the means to heat the mold includes chemically
reactive material contained in some portion of the mold body.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus which includes means for positioning or maintaining
mold parts in operational relationship before or during casting.
(1)
Note. The assembling means may encompass machine elements
for effecting and maintaining mating mold parts in working engagement
or may merely encompass means for positioning a cope and drag assembly.
Work Holders, appropriate subclasses for a "clamp" means,
per se, to grasp or draw portions of a mold or flask either together
or onto a base or support.
This subclass is indented under subclass 339. Apparatus wherein the assembly means are for effecting placement
of a core section into operational engagement with a mold cavity.
Static Molds,
subclass 167 for plural mold sections having removable means
to maintain assembly including a clamp means and subclasses 168+ for
plural mold sections having fastening means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 342. Apparatus wherein fluid pressure actuated means effects
the positioning of the permanent mold parts into assembled relationship.
(1)
Note. The fluid pressure may act either directly or indirectly
upon the mold parts.
Static Molds,
subclass 66.1 , for metal shaping surface including means to remove
or release product from said surface; subclass 136, for static mold with
a bottom movable through upstanding mold walls to aid product removal;
subclasses 178+, for internal mold means (core) including
means to contract core thereby aiding its removal from a product
and subclass 183, for flexural shaping surface means which characteristic
aids in product removal.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 334+ , for processes of separating non-metal molded article
from shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 345. Apparatus wherein the core means utilized is constructed
of sectional or plural parts to facilitate removal from the cast
product.
(1)
Note. The plural parts of the core may be movably attached
and thusly collapsible or may be composed of loose pieces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Apparatus wherein push element means, e.g., ejector pins,
are utilized for contacting the cast product and affecting separation
from the forming surface.
(1)
Note. The ejector pins may or may not be an integral part
of the forming surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus including means to apply coolant to mold or casting
or means within its surface to confine a heat exchange medium.
(1)
Note. Coolant means may be integrated within the mold body
or external thereto.
Static Molds,
subclasses 79+ , for permanent type static metal mold having means
within its surface to confine heat exchange medium; and subclass 111
for static mold including solid heat conductor, e.g, chill.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus wherein the shape imparting surface is composed
of particles which retain their individual identity and are bonded
or adhered to one another.
(1)
Note. The shaping surface in this and indented subclasses
are static, i.e., the shaping surface does not move in any way,
once they are assembled, in order to effect shaping of the cast
metal.
(2)
Note. By the term "sand" is meant granular
particles resulting from the breakdown of rocks. Sand particles
have refractory characteristics. The term includes "silica
sand" from quartz and other siliceous rocks which comprises
50 to 95 per cent of the total material in any molding sand; specially
sands such as zirconite and olivine. Also included are other particular
material such as carbon, clays, etc.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus wherein the sand type shaping surface has more
than one cavity for forming a separate and distinct product.
(1)
Note. The plural cavities are filled through a common sprue.
(2)
Note. The products produced may be totally different in design.
for process of forming a composite article by embedding
a preform in or surrounding it with cast metal, e.g., a metal tubular
core of one composition could be positioned in a sand mold and metal
of a different composition cast therearound so as to form a tubular
product.
for plural separable part molds, e.g., sand molds
comprising a cope and drag and numerous cores, in which intricate
shapes are cast such as radiators and crankshafts.
Static Molds,
subclass 63 , for metal mold including core; subclasses 142+, for
metal mold having inner removable core for forming recess or opening
in the material cast; subclasses 175+, for metal cores
(internal molds), per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus comprising a shaping surface and metal chill combination.
(1)
Note. A metal chill may be embedded within the sand-type
shaping surface or on the surface thereof. In the latter case, the
chill aids in shaping the cast metal. In the prior case the chill
acts merely as a heat conductor.
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Apparatus wherein the shaping surface of which the chill
is a part is a surface which shapes an internal portion of a product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 353. Apparatus wherein the shaping surface comprises a metal
chill which is annular and has a hole which shapes a portion of
a product intermediate its ends.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus having apertured filter means for preventing the
inclusion of unwanted components, e.g., dross, dirt, oxides, etc.,
in the cast product.
(1)
Note. The strainer element to be included herein must have
three or more apertures or openings.
(2)
Note. The apertured strainer element may be located in the
gate, runner, sprue or riser portions of the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus having means to provide a reservoir of molten
metal for feeding into the mold cavity proper as the metal in the
mold solidifies to compensate for liquid shrinkage.
(1)
Note. The reservoir, e.g., riser, hot top sink head, etc.,
must be designed to furnish additional metal to the mold cavity proper
after the teeming has ceased.
(2)
Note. In a top pouring mold the sprue, gate and riser are
often integrated.
Static Molds,
subclass 82 metal mold having means to adjust mold volume during
molding, subclasses 105+ for static filling means in contact
with mold cavity, and subclasses 197+ for sink head or
hot top, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus wherein the shaping surface is a thin shell-like
mold formed from thermosetting resin-bonded sand mixtures.
(1)
Note. Generally the shell mold consists of two or more parts,
i.e., cope and drag.
(2)
Note. The shell mold may be externally backed up with steel
shot, sand, or similar material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus having runner or gate splash and swirl control
means, e.g., runner bushes, runner traps, etc., for providing laminar
flow of the molten metal into the mold cavity proper.
(1)
Note. Included herein are molds with gates and runners having
specific geometrical shape for reducing flow turbulence.
Static Molds,
subclasses 105+ for metal mold including static filling means,
e.g., see subclass 107 for inlet communicating with plural feeding passages;
and subclass 206, for a splash control for a static nonsand type
mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus wherein the runner for feeding the molten metal
into the mold cavity proper is located at or near the bottom of
the cavity or is constructed so as to feed the metal in a substantially
horizontal flow path into the cavity.
Static Molds,
subclass 64 for metal mold having plural cores; subclasses 142+ for
permanent container type molding apparatus having an inner removable
core; and subclasses 160+ for container type molding device having
plural mold sections.
This subclass is indented under subclass 364. Apparatus wherein one of the separate parts is a member
to be positioned in a mold to provide a product cavity.
Static Molds,
subclass 63 for nonsand type static mold including core and
means to remove the core; and subclasses 142+ for nonsand
type static mold including a removable core.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Apparatus wherein the core contains and at least partially
surrounds an element which aids in strengthening or holding the
core, sand or aids in positioning the core relative to a mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Apparatus wherein there is included either (1) two or more
individual cores or (2) a core which has two or more separable parts.
This subclass is indented under subclass 349. Apparatus wherein the shaping surface is a member which
is to be positioned in a mold to provide a product cavity.
Static Molds,
subclasses 63+ for metal molding including metal core means; subclasses
122+ for container-type metal molds for forming plural articles
including a core; subclasses 142+ for container-type molding device
having inner removable core; and subclasses 175+ for static,
nonsand type cores.
This subclass is indented under subclass 369. Apparatus having means integral with the core so that it
can by those means be positioned in a certain way within a mold
cavity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus directed to a, per se, member which forms a part
of the mold shaping surface and which has a heat conductivity much
greater than that of the remaining parts of the mold.
(1)
Note. A chill for this subclass must be disclosed for use
in a sand-type shaping surface and must aid in the actual shaping
of the cast material.
(2)
Note. The chills found herein generally comprise a formed
metal shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus directed to a container or box for confining mold
material while the same is being shaped.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus which includes a means facilitating oscillatory
movement of the flask about an axis through the flask or at one
side of the flask.
(1)
Note. Hinged superposed flasks are not considered subject
matter for this subclass, see subclasses 392+ below.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus wherein the flask is one in which material for
making a precision-casting (last-wax or investment casting) mold
is to be contained therein.
(1)
Note. An investment mold, which to be contained in the type
of flask of this subclass, is characterized by the mold being formed
around and embedding a destructible pattern.
This subclass is indented under subclass 377. Apparatus wherein the adjustable feature of the flask part
is for varying the size of the vertical dimension.
This subclass is indented under subclass 374. Apparatus which includes means to (1) help maintain the
sand in the flask (2) held strengthen the sand or (3) provide for
locating strengthening members.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Apparatus where the sand mold retaining means is a strip
at the base of the flask section which overlies a portion of the
mold periphery.
This subclass is indented under subclass 380. Apparatus wherein the sand strip is removable from the flask
by a structural element actuating the strip.
This subclass is indented under subclass 379. Apparatus wherein the retention of the mold sand is facilitated
by contiguous formations on or in the flask at the general parting
line between the sand mold proper and the flask.
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Apparatus having means to aid in precise adjustment or correct
relative positioning of superposed flask section.
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus which includes an actuatable means operable during
or after assembly to fasten the superposed sections and prevent
their relative vertical movement.
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus wherein the guide means are capable of ready change
or easy expansion to bring the flask or contraction part to a true
or more effective relative positioning.
This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Apparatus wherein the adjustability by means of a threaded
fastening member is variably positioned in a slotted member.
This subclass is indented under subclass 385. Apparatus wherein the superposed flask sections are provided
at a common meeting edge with a pivot means to allow relative swinging movement
at the edge.
This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Apparatus in which a flask section has a joint where the
side parts are not permanently attached to one another.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus directed to a container or enclosure for positioning
around a sand mold to prevent the mold from spreading or breaking down
when molten metal is poured into the cavity therein.
(1)
Note. The mold jacket or slip box may function to align portions
of plural part molds.
This subclass is indented under subclass 395. Apparatus having panel walls thereof so joined together
that they individually adapt themselves to the surface on which
they are placed.
(1)
Note. The panel walls to be self-adjustable must act independent
of the will of the operator.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus adapted for insertion in a mold to support or
position a core body relative to the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Apparatus wherein the supporting or positioning means consists
of a member which extends from a core surface to a support surface
to space the surfaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 398. Apparatus wherein the chaplet is positioned by a portion
extending through the core surface or the supporting surface or
by means associated with the core and supporting surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 397. Apparatus wherein the core supporting means is intended
to extend inside the core and is constructed to allow a break down
or reduction in volume of the means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 401. Apparatus directed to per se means for stripping or withdrawing
a cast product part from a mold or core member.
Classifying, Separating, and Assorting Solids, appropriate subclasses for method and apparatus
involving the use of an agitating screen as the sole means for disintegrating
a sand mold or core, regardless of whether the mold or core is in
molding association with a casting or flask.
Solid Material Comminution or Disintegration, appropriate subclasses for processes and apparatus
for disintegrating a mold or core, not associated with a flask or
casting and not involving abrading or a sifting or other assorting
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Apparatus wherein pin or rod plunger means projecting through
or adapted to be projected through an opening in the mold bottom
are utilized to contact the cast ingot and to dislodge or strip
the said ingot from its mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 405. Apparatus directed to means which strip the mold from the
ingot by raising or lifting the mold vertically upwardly away from
engagement with the cast ingot.
(1)
Note. The molds stripped herein are generally of the big
and down type.
MEANS TO INVERT A PATTERN PLATE OR A MOLD (E.G., TURN-OVER DEVICE,
ETC.):
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus directed to means actuatable for inverting a pattern
plate shaping member or flask about a horizontal axis.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes or consists of either (1) a means
for allowing otherwise trapped gases to escape from the apparatus
or (2) means to form such escape means.
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus which includes or consists of a member which is
to internally support or strengthen the fluent material making up
a mold or core.
Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger, Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, Window Sash Balance, etc.),
subclass 403 for a paper weight and 404 for miscellaneous weights.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the means controlled includes means for
removing a continuously cast product from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 154.1. Apparatus wherein the means controlled applies an agent
to remove heat from a continuously cast product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 259. Apparatus wherein the inert or deoxidizing atmosphere is
provided in conjunction with a mold means which forms a portion
of a product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the product
is removed from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 260. Apparatus wherein the vibratory motion is transmitted to
a mold means employed to form a portion of a product as a previously
formed contiguous portion of the product is removed from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 270.1. Apparatus including a mold means employed to form a portion
of a product as a contiguous portion of the product is removed from
the mold.
for continuous casting apparatus combined with means
to perform an operation which is, per se, not of this class and
is not a perfecting means for an operation of this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 271. Apparatus wherein a mold means is employed to form a portion
of a product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the product
is removed from the mold.
for continuous casting apparatus combined with means
to perform an operation which is, per se, not of this class and
is not a perfecting means for an operation of this class.
Plastic Article or Earthenware Shaping or Treating:
Apparatus,
subclasses 67+ for plastic filament-forming or film-casting means
comprising a shaping orifice discharging into a liquid bath, and
subclasses 224+ for means casting fluent stock on a shaping
surface with means to provide a continuous length product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus which includes a means to relatively advance a
preformed article part of the mold area.
(1)
Note. Also included herein are those patents wherein a means
is included to convey a mold past a preform while continuously forming
a metal layer on the preform.
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus including either (1) plural mold means, or (2)
means for simultaneously forming a plurality of products.
This subclass is indented under subclass 421. Apparatus wherein the mold includes means enabling rotation
about its axis to thus form the central cavity by centrifugal force
upon the molten metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus including means subsequent to the mold means for
refining the shape of a partially solidified product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 425. Apparatus wherein means are provided to enable the starter
bar to be separated from the product during the casting operation.
(1)
Note. A starter bar is considered to be "separated
from the product" even though a part of the bar, or "head", remains
with the casting.
(2)
Note. The separation must be performed prior to any severing
operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus wherein the mold means includes a shaping surface
which moves through, and out of, the casting zone.
This subclass is indented under subclass 427. Apparatus wherein the moving shaping surface is carried
on or comprises the outer peripheral surface of either (1) an annular
or cylindrical member, or (2) an endless belt or band.
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus wherein the moving shaping surface comprises a
plurality of flexibly connected rigid elements, which, when in abutting
relationship, define the shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 430. Apparatus including a plurality of endless bands, each of
which comprises a continuous strip of pliant material cooperating
with the flexibly connected rigid elements to define the mold means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 429. Apparatus wherein the endless shaping means includes an
annular or cylindrical member with a circumferential casting groove
and an adjacent endless band formed of a pliant material, wherein
the shaping area is defined by the groove and band.
This subclass is indented under subclass 433. Apparatus wherein significance is attributed to means for
supplying molten metal to the shaping area (e.g., adjustable tundish,
specific pour tube structure, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 418. Apparatus wherein the mold wall, or a portion thereof, either
(1) yields to accommodate casting operation forces, or (2) includes
means specifically provided to accommodate temperature reactive
forces during the casting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus wherein the supply means is mounted for some form
of movement (e.g., ladle car, tilting tundish, etc.).
This subclass is indented under subclass 437. Apparatus wherein the mold is mounted inside or in contact
with the supply means during the casting operation.
(1)
Note. "Supply means" includes funnels or
molten metal reservoirs fixed to, or integral with, the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 439. Apparatus wherein the molten metal enters and flows through
the mold means in a substantially horizontal direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 441. Apparatus wherein the means to remove or support the product
includes an annular or cylindrical member which rotates and contacts the
product at points on its periphery.
This subclass is indented under subclass 445. Apparatus wherein means are provided to enable the starter
bar to be separated from the product during the casting operation.
PRODUCT SUPPORTING OR WITHDRAWAL MEANS FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING
APPARATUS:
This subclass is indented under the class definition. Apparatus comprising means to remove or hold a product subsequent
to its formation in and while still connected to a continuous casting
mold.
for withdrawal means claimed in combination with
mold means.
(1)
Note. For original placement in this subclass, a patent claim
must recite a structural limitation (e.g., cooling jacket, surface
coating, etc.) which renders the support or withdrawal means peculiar
to the subject matter of this class.
This subclass is indented under subclass 447. Apparatus wherein the means to remove or hold the product
includes an annular or cylindrical member which rotates about its
axis and contacts the product at points on its periphery.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus including means for detecting the process parameter
comprising either an electrically conductive probe or a buoyant
means.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus including means for detecting the level of molten
metal in the supply, mold, or a component of the apparatus comprising
means responsive to alpha, beta, or gamma particle emission.
Radiant Energy,
subclass 308 for apparatus to inspect solids or liquids including
a radioactive source and subclasses 336.1+ for invisible
radiant energy responsive electric signaling devices, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus having means for detecting a process parameter
related to heat (e.g., temperature, heat transfer rate, etc.) of
the melt, product, or apparatus, per se.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus having means for detecting the level of molten
metal in the supply or mold comprising light detection means.
(1)
Note. This subclass includes patents directed to the detection
of both endophotonic (i.e., light generated by the melt or mold
itself) and exophotonic (i.e., light generated by an external source)
energy.
(2)
Note. A patent claiming control of feed material in response
to detection or recognition of an image related to the melt or mold
is classified here.
This subclass is indented under subclass 449.1. Apparatus including means for detecting the level of the
substance in the supply, mold, or component of the apparatus comprising
means for detecting variation in a local magnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or
condition determination is performed in conjunction with casting
a product removed from a molding surface as a further contiguous
portion is cast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 451. Process wherein a detected variation in a casting parameter
is utilized to affect an operation or effect a change to an operation
in response to the variation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process wherein the effected operation or change includes
the delivery of molten metal to a shaping or casting area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process wherein the effected operation or change includes
removing a continuously cast product from a molding surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 452. Process wherein the effected operation or change includes
an application of an agent to remove heat from a shaping surface
or a continuously cast product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or
condition determination is performed while foundry mold material
is in the process of being either (a) shaped, or (b) treated (e.g.,
recycled).
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or
condition determination is performed in conjunction with the introduction
of solid or liquid metal into a mold cavity.
This subclass is indented under subclass 4.1. Process wherein the testing, sampling, or inspecting or
condition determination is associated with the removal of heat from
a shaping surface.
This subclass is indented under subclass 47. Process wherein a portion of a cast product is removed from
a forming mold or surface as a further contiguous portion is cast.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Processes which includes the step of finishing the cast
product by mechanically cutting or breaking the cast product while
a contiguous portion thereof is still associated with the forming
mold.
(1)
Note. Refer to Class 164, class definition, References to
Other Classes, in the reference to Class 29 for the line between
Class 29 and Class 164.
(2)
Note. Flame cutting is considered mechanically cutting for
purposes of this subclass.
(3)
Note. The term "mold" as used herein includes
(a) the core or cores, (b) corelike elements associated with gate
portions of the casting and used for handling, and (c) conveying
means serving to support a continuous casting while said casting
is still associated with the mold.
Static Molds,
subclass 52 for static molds employing a static means to produce
a groove or depression in the product to facilitate breaking or
cutting.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein the cast product formed is a thin rod, rodlike
or striplike member.
(1)
Note. Included herein are patents unique by the nature of
the product produced. Such patents will not generally be cross-referenced
into following process subclasses unless a feature is disclosed
or appears to have general utility in other continuous casting processes.
This subclass is indented under subclass 462. Process wherein the member is formed by a forming mold or
surface which constantly moves into, through, and out of the molding area.
This subclass is indented under subclass 464. Process wherein the central cavity is shaped by applying
molten metal to an external surface of a forming mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Process wherein molten metal is contained and formed into
a desired shape by the application of an electromagnetic field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 466. Process wherein molten metal within a mold or entrained
by the outer skin of a cast product is circulated by an electromagnetic
field.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process including raising the temperature of work material
to its molten state through either (a) electric arc discharge between
an electrode and the work material, or (b) electron beam bombardment
upon the work material.
(1)
Note. Included herein is the use of two electrically charged
metal rods adapted to form an electric arc wherein both are melted
to supply casting material and also the use of a single charged
rod in a consumable electrode of suitable material.
Industrial Electric Heating Furnaces,
subclass 42 for electric arc furnace structures, per se; and
subclass 68 for electron beam type electric furnaces.
This subclass is indented under subclass 469. Process wherein an electrical arc discharge is utilized
to raise the work material to its molten state with the simultaneous
application of slag or flux.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process including raising the temperature of work material
by placing the work material within an induction coil, the work
material thereby constituting the secondary of a transformer or
a continuation of the induction coil.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 169 and 213 for processes of utilizing a lubricant
and indefinite length plastic work forming.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein a material is directly added to the molten
metal to either be alloyed therewith, cause chemical reaction therewith,
or to produce a slag.
(1)
Note. The added material may include principle alloying constituent,
densifiers, fluidizers, graphitizers, scavengers, grain-size controllers,
etc.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for processes for producing
metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process including exhausting air or other gases from the
immediate contiguous environment of a casting material to a negative
pressure differential with respect to the surrounding ambient environment
of the casting material.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for vacuum treatment of metals.
Plastic and Nonmetallic Article Shaping or Treating:
Processes,
subclasses 500+ for processes of vacuum forming plastic materials;
and subclasses 101+ for processes of vacuum treating work.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, various subclasses for processes for gaseous treating
of metals.
Metal Treatment,
subclasses 633+ or 712+ for combined processes of significant
heat treatment of solid or semi-solid metal and treatment with a special
gaseous composition.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process which includes alteration of the size or shape of
the cast product by deforming (e.g., rolling) while a contiguous
portion is being cast.
Metal Treatment,
subclasses 538+ for processes of casting and working that includes
significant heat-treatment after removal from the mold to modify
or maintain the internal physical structure (i.e., microstructure)
or chemical properties of the metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process which includes an operation which is, per se, neither
of this class nor a perfecting step for an operation of this class.
Metal Working,
subclasses 527.1+ for a combined casting and manufacturing process
wherein the manufacturing step is performed after removing the cast
product from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Process wherein the forming mold or surface moving through
the molding area is provided by a pair of similar revolving cylinders.
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Process wherein the forming mold or surface moving through
the molding area includes a plurality of endless bands of pliant
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 479. Process wherein the forming mold or surface moving through
the molding area includes an annular or cylindrical member with
a casting groove and an adjacent cooperating endless band of pliant
material covering a section of the groove.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein significance is attributed to a step of
either initiating or stopping the casting operation.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein significance is attributed to a step of
removing the cast product from the forming mold or surface as a
contiguous portion is being formed.
(1)
Note. Included herein are patents which usually include a
unique article removal operation. Patents which incidentally disclose
or claim a removal step are cross-referenced here only where such step
appears to be atypical.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein significance is attributed to a step of
actively applying a heat exchange medium to remove heat from the
forming mold or surface, or the cast product.
(1)
Note. The step of actively applying a heat exchange medium
implies a manipulative operation of bringing into thermal contact
with the work material a substance, generally a solid or liquid, thereby
producing the cooling effect.
This subclass is indented under subclass 486. Process wherein the liquid impinges on the cast product
immediately below the mold and flows downwardly over the surface
of the cast product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 459. Process wherein significance is attributed to the dispensing
of molten metal into a forming mold or surface.
(1)
Note. Included herein, generally, are patents which include
a unique pouring operation, i.e., other than ordinary teeming; patents
which incidentally disclose or claim a pouring step are cross-referenced
here only where such step appears to be atypical.
This subclass is indented under subclass 488. Process in which molten metal introduced into a forming
mold or surface is either (a) deflected in a controlled manner by
a downstream structure, or (b) dispensed at other than the usual
vertical direction.
This subclass is indented under subclass 489. Process wherein the molten metal enters and flows through
the forming mold or surface in a substantially horizontal direction.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures,
subclasses 10.1+ for electrothermic processes for purification or
melting of metals.
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process directed to raising the temperature of the work
material by the electrical generation of heat within the work material
disposed in an induction coil, the work material thereby constituting
the secondary of a transformer or a continuation of the induction
coil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process directed to raising the temperature of the work
material by bombardment with electron beams emitted from a source.
This subclass is indented under subclass 492. Process directed to raising the temperature of the work
material by use of an electric arc discharge between an electrode
and the work material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 495. Process in which a multilayered article having distinctive
zones of metal is formed by either casting a metal onto a preform
or casting two or more metals into contact with one another.
Metal Fusion Bonding, appropriate subclasses for the formation of a metallic
bonded joint between parts or portions of the same part. Molten filler
material may be confined or retained by the shape or space between
the parts so long as a mold device is not employed.
This subclass is indented under subclass 498. Process wherein electromagnetic forces are used to convey
molten metal to the mold, e.g., as a pump or valve would be used
to convey the metal.
This subclass is indented under subclass 147.1. Apparatus wherein a mold means is employed to form a portion
of a product as a previously formed contiguous portion of the product
is removed from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Apparatus wherein the electromagnetic energy generates forces
normal to the surface of molten metal to laterally confine the molten
metal during solidification.
This subclass is indented under subclass 502. Apparatus in which the electromagnetic energy is utilized
to cause molten metal within the mold or entrained by the outer
skin of a cast product to be circulated.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus provided with a mold means employed to form a
portion of a product as a previously formed contiguous portion of
the product is removed from the mold.
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Apparatus wherein the means to apply an energy quantity
comprises means for raising the temperature of work material to
its molten state by a bombardment of an electron beam upon the work
material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Apparatus wherein the means to apply an energy quantity
comprises means to raise the temperature of work material by placing
the work material within an induction coil, the work material thereby
constituting the secondary of a transformer or a continuation of
the induction coil.
This subclass is indented under subclass 505. Apparatus wherein the means to apply an energy quantity
comprises means to raise the temperature of work material to its
molten state by the utilization of an electric arc discharge between
an electrode and the work material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus wherein foundry molds are stripped from castings
by means utilizing high-voltage electrical discharges.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus wherein the energy quantity applied to the work
material is of the sonic or supersonic vibration type.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus wherein the means to apply an energy quantity
comprises means for raising the temperature of the work material
by the utilization of a bombardment of an electron beam upon the
work material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus wherein the means to apply an energy quantity
comprises a high frequency induction coil for heating the work material.
(1)
Note. The material to be heated is placed in the high frequency
magnetic field produced by the induction coil means wherein eddy
currents and sometimes hysteresis losses created in the work serve
to heat the material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 250.1. Apparatus wherein the means to apply an energy quantity
comprises an electrical circuit producing an electrical discharge
between the electrode to the work material.
(1)
Note. Consumable as well as nonconsumable electrodes are
provided in this subclass.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for process of treating metals
and alloys.
This subclass is indented under subclass 516. Process wherein a specific mold material is utilized to
physically or chemically treat the cast product to either physically
enhance its properties or to prevent physical or chemical degradation
of the cast product.
Specialized Metallurgical Processes, Compositions
for Use Therein, Consolidated Metal Powder Compositions, and Loose
Metal Particulate Mixtures, appropriate subclasses for process of treating metals
and alloys.
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process wherein the mold materials utilized require no other
chemicals or additives to solidify into a solid material.
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process wherein the molding materials are capable of being
removed from the casting surface by dissolution in an aqueous solution.
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process wherein specific molding materials are utilized
to enhance the physical properties of the surface of the cast product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 520. Process wherein specific mold material are utilized to produce
a chemical reaction providing an inert or reducing environment for
the cast product.
This subclass is indented under subclass 526. Process wherein the binder includes a resin and an inorganic
material, both utilized for shaping a mold surface.
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