Solar
Wind Makes Waves; Killer Electrons Go Surfing?
"Killer"
electrons capable of wreaking havoc on orbiting spacecraft may "surf"
magnetic waves driven by the solar wind, according to a team of
space scientists.
The team from
Boston University and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA) combined observations from NASA and NOAA spacecraft to identify
a phenomenon that explains how the solar wind makes waves in Earths
magnetic field (magnetosphere). Ordinary electrons orbiting the
Earth in the Van Allen radiation belts may boogyboard the waves,
accelerating to near the speed of light, with energies 300-500 times
greater than the electrons in a television screen.
The solar wind
is a stream of electrically charged particles blown constantly from
the Sun. The magnetosphere is a cavity formed when the solar wind
encounters the Earths magnetic field. When the solar wind density
is high and comes up against the magnetosphere, the magnetosphere
gets compressed. When the wind density is low, the magnetosphere
expands. The researchers discovered that the solar wind contains
periodic structures of high and low density, driving a periodic
"breathing" action of the magnetosphere and the global
generation of magnetic waves.
It's known that
if the frequency of these waves matches the frequency of the electrons
in their motion in the Van Allen belt, the electrons can be accelerated,
significantly boosting their energies. The process is similar to
a boogyboarder catching a wave. Some electrons "ride the wave"
and gain so much energy that they can then damage expensive spacecraft.
"If we
can confirm this as a significant mechanism for making the waves
that accelerate killer electrons, then scientists using data from
satellites like Wind could develop advance warning for spacecraft
operators that their spacecraft may be in danger of excessive and
damaging radiation exposure," said Dr. Barbara Giles,
project scientist for the Polar spacecraft at Goddard.
For the complete
article on solar wind, go to: http://www.gsfc.nasa.gov/topstory/2003/0904magwaves.html
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