2005 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between the ARS Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory and Duke University. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent project 1265-13610-026-00D entitled, "INTEGRATING REMOTE SENSING, CLIMATE AND HYDROLOGY FOR EVALUATING WATER, ENERGY AND CARBON CYCLES." Investigators met at Duke to plan and coordinate research activities for year 1 of the NASA project.