CAUTION: Whenever a base of an income distribution is relatively small, the medians, means, and percent distributions are extremely unreliable because of the limited size of the sample. Pay particular attention to the standard errors for small population estimates, especially if the base is less than 75,000.
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes
Money income--
Excluding Definition 1 Definition 2
capital gains less government plus
(current measure) transfers capital gains
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Total Def 1 Def 2 Def 3
(thous.) Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
All families 77418 8125 73 9783 53 9786 53
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 64312 7802 88 9362 58 9363 58
White alone 63414 7807 89 9353 59 9355 59
White alone, not Hispanic 54264 7615 103 9245 62 9243 62
Black alone or in combination 9299 8808 144 11179 131 11185 131
Black alone 9051 8825 146 11177 133 11184 133
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 3549 8205 358 10051 319 10055 320
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 3362 8358 369 10208 327 10213 329
Asian alone or in combination 3358 8252 373 10066 325 10071 327
Asian alone 3208 8387 383 10209 333 10215 334
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 231 7156 1200 9343 1415 9343 1415
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 150 8022 1397 10186 1677 10186 1677
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 1288 8765 421 10966 381 10966 381
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 585 9901 575 11847 552 11847 552
Two or more races 1010 7418 484 9947 449 9947 449
Hispanic (of any race) 9868 8218 158 9839 146 9852 146
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 54970 7606 102 9257 62 9255 62
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 3696 8336 177 9501 185 9493 185
25 to 44 years 31566 8842 106 10454 111 10454 111
45 to 54 years 17468 7547 183 10112 175 10116 175
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes
Money income--
Excluding Definition 1 Definition 2
capital gains less government plus
(current measure) transfers capital gains
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Total Def 1 Def 2 Def 3
(thous.) Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
55 to 64 years 12447 7052 220 9975 146 9963 146
65 years and over 12241 5800 202 9058 66 9069 66
Type of Family
Married-couple families 58189 7632 122 9210 68 9216 68
With related children under 18 27147 8368 172 10015 180 10016 180
With related children under 6 12709 8550 221 9580 240 9580 240
Male householder, no wife present 5134 7359 230 9210 193 9223 192
Female householder, no husband present 14095 8610 99 10745 93 10737 93
With related children under 18 9638 9039 108 11197 112 11197 112
With related children under 6 3901 9779 150 11884 162 11884 162
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes
Money income--
Excluding Definition 1 Definition 2
capital gains less government plus
(current measure) transfers capital gains
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Total Def 1 Def 2 Def 3
(thous.) Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Region
Northeast 14153 8124 167 9691 121 9700 121
Midwest 17567 7919 163 9184 121 9179 121
South 28444 8289 121 10044 84 10048 84
West 17254 8003 160 9946 124 9948 124
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 10887 8408 131 10571 100 10578 100
High school graduate, no college 23456 8007 119 9515 85 9513 85
College: Less than bachelor's degree 21248 7801 149 9405 114 9413 114
Bachelor's degree or more 21828 8335 283 9022 156 9019 156
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 65177 8367 78 10184 74 10182 74
Worked at full-time jobs 46447 6603 118 6975 114 6971 114
50 to 52 weeks 40273 6009 162 6111 152 6106 152
Worked at part-time jobs 7161 7491 158 8380 155 8387 155
Did not work 11569 9988 117 12718 98 12716 98
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes
Money income--
Excluding Definition 1 Definition 2
capital gains less government plus
(current measure) transfers capital gains
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Total Def 1 Def 2 Def 3
(thous.) Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 21642 8775 85 10513 57 10518 57
Householder 15 to 64 years 12619 9193 91 11496 82 11495 82
Householder 65 years and over 9023 5737 203 9142 66 9154 66
One worker 33686 6131 136 6168 122 6164 122
Two workers or more 22090 7729 661 7947 655 7947 655
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 4049 8044 142 12763 134 12747 134
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 1595 9251 182 13689 206 13689 206
SSI 2723 6223 176 12569 165 12543 165
Food stamps 5392 8688 112 11735 115 11735 115
Housing assistance 2569 8696 165 11659 162 11659 162
Energy assistance 1762 8300 199 11667 190 11667 190
Free or reduced-price school lunches 7943 8857 121 11268 127 11270 127
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2014 8490 160 13726 166 13726 166
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes
Money income--
Excluding Definition 1 Definition 2
capital gains less government plus
(current measure) transfers capital gains
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Total Def 1 Def 2 Def 3
(thous.) Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 54698 7220 152 7985 99 7989 100
Medicare 17278 5997 148 9566 65 9575 65
Medicaid 14042 8262 94 10975 88 10969 88
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 8187 9090 169 9443 161 9432 161
Health insurance 4961 8912 194 9241 189 9246 189
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 3471 6210 204 11534 143 11510 144
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes After taxes
Definition 3
plus health
insurance Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6
supplements to less less plus
wage or salary Social Security Federal Earned Income
income payroll taxes income taxes Tax Credit
Mean deficit Mean defict Mean deficit Mean defict
Def 4 Def 5 Def 6 Def 7
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
All families 9898 54 9779 53 9870 53 9846 56
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 9462 59 9352 58 9434 58 9436 61
White alone 9452 60 9346 58 9424 59 9421 61
White alone, not Hispanic 9325 63 9227 62 9255 62 9238 64
Black alone or in combination 11350 133 11232 130 11309 130 11220 139
Black alone 11350 134 11237 132 11305 132 11214 140
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 10038 325 9853 313 10124 315 10119 334
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 10180 332 9954 321 10240 323 10155 342
Asian alone or in combination 10066 332 9849 321 10129 323 10084 344
Asian alone 10196 338 9930 329 10232 330 10098 352
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 9765 1402 10079 1307 10190 1327 10669 1325
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 9842 1609 10381 1485 10379 1510 11167 1455
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 11370 382 11002 383 11330 380 11192 395
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 12223 555 11951 560 12334 550 11754 574
Two or more races 10311 453 9937 444 10202 446 10607 473
Hispanic (of any race) 10047 149 9863 142 10141 145 10260 159
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 9338 62 9240 61 9272 62 9259 64
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 9765 187 9805 181 9890 181 9669 200
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes After taxes
Definition 3
plus health
insurance Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6
supplements to less less plus
wage or salary Social Security Federal Earned Income
income payroll taxes income taxes Tax Credit
Mean deficit Mean defict Mean deficit Mean defict
Def 4 Def 5 Def 6 Def 7
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
25 to 44 years 10635 114 10371 109 10680 111 10872 124
45 to 54 years 10298 178 10066 173 10211 173 10261 185
55 to 64 years 10109 150 9961 148 9935 148 9809 151
65 years and over 9081 66 9054 66 8999 67 8983 67
Type of Family
Married-couple families 9284 69 9155 67 9274 68 9200 70
With related children under 18 10224 188 9843 174 10451 183 10469 217
With related children under 6 9757 252 9543 231 10114 246 10043 298
Male householder, no wife present 9437 193 9290 187 9309 187 9386 199
Female householder, no husband present 10896 94 10810 92 10855 92 10919 98
With related children under 18 11398 114 11290 111 11386 111 11553 121
With related children under 6 12118 164 12013 161 12182 160 12153 174
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes After taxes
Definition 3
plus health
insurance Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6
supplements to less less plus
wage or salary Social Security Federal Earned Income
income payroll taxes income taxes Tax Credit
Mean deficit Mean defict Mean deficit Mean defict
Def 4 Def 5 Def 6 Def 7
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Region
Northeast 9846 123 9666 121 9749 121 9871 126
Midwest 9320 123 9267 121 9313 121 9226 128
South 10125 85 9980 84 10084 84 10042 88
West 10063 125 9978 122 10103 123 10050 129
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 10688 101 10523 99 10652 99 10625 104
High school graduate, no college 9592 86 9525 85 9591 85 9540 90
College: Less than bachelor's degree 9615 115 9467 113 9561 113 9594 119
Bachelor's degree or more 9048 157 8935 154 9005 155 8964 159
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 10368 76 10174 73 10361 74 10391 80
Worked at full-time jobs 7025 119 7073 111 7275 115 6737 134
50 to 52 weeks 6205 161 6275 146 6471 155 6040 195
Worked at part-time jobs 8540 158 8439 154 8553 155 7966 165
Did not work 12806 98 12643 98 12756 97 12763 99
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes After taxes
Definition 3
plus health
insurance Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6
supplements to less less plus
wage or salary Social Security Federal Earned Income
income payroll taxes income taxes Tax Credit
Mean deficit Mean defict Mean deficit Mean defict
Def 4 Def 5 Def 6 Def 7
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 10561 57 10520 57 10538 57 10426 58
Householder 15 to 64 years 11583 83 11502 82 11584 82 11458 86
Householder 65 years and over 9163 66 9143 66 9091 67 9077 67
One worker 6236 129 6272 118 6451 124 5902 146
Two workers or more 8353 709 7965 616 8453 645 8667 765
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 12812 135 12774 134 12826 134 12702 138
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 13703 208 13690 205 13801 204 13654 215
SSI 12644 166 12575 165 12580 165 12526 168
Food stamps 11833 116 11840 113 11967 113 11780 123
Housing assistance 11823 163 11733 161 11788 161 11785 172
Energy assistance 11746 192 11744 189 11859 188 11637 202
Free or reduced-price school lunches 11448 130 11260 125 11551 127 11640 142
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 13784 166 13770 165 13875 164 13621 172
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Before taxes After taxes
Definition 3
plus health
insurance Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6
supplements to less less plus
wage or salary Social Security Federal Earned Income
income payroll taxes income taxes Tax Credit
Mean deficit Mean defict Mean deficit Mean defict
Def 4 Def 5 Def 6 Def 7
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 8206 106 8061 103 8087 104 8130 109
Medicare 9602 65 9575 64 9538 64 9499 65
Medicaid 11076 89 10953 87 11146 87 11084 94
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 9432 161 9172 154 9348 156 9488 168
Health insurance 9246 189 9013 179 9203 182 9464 199
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 11563 144 11544 142 11557 142 11472 145
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 8
plus
Definition 7 nonmeans- Definition 10
less tested Definition 9 plus
State government plus regular-price
income taxes cash transfers Medicare school lunches
Mean defict Mean defict Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 8 Def 9 Def 10 Def 11
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
All families 9814 56 9179 84 9292 84 9286 84
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 9406 61 8735 99 8798 100 8792 100
White alone 9391 61 8723 101 8787 102 8781 102
White alone, not Hispanic 9198 64 8449 115 8514 116 8505 116
Black alone or in combination 11177 139 10150 165 10322 166 10315 166
Black alone 11174 140 10145 166 10322 167 10315 167
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 10113 335 9154 414 9690 427 9679 427
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 10151 343 9161 425 9728 439 9717 438
Asian alone or in combination 10075 345 9098 430 9678 444 9667 444
Asian alone 10090 353 9092 441 9694 456 9683 456
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 10699 1314 9819 1436 9730 1440 9711 1438
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 11236 1432 10103 1588 10098 1590 10074 1588
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 11156 397 10277 501 10287 501 10274 500
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 11733 575 11029 659 11030 657 11014 656
Two or more races 10549 478 9479 639 9482 642 9475 642
Hispanic (of any race) 10263 160 9473 186 9520 188 9520 188
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 9220 64 8465 114 8529 115 8520 115
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 9609 201 9389 201 9373 202 9370 202
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 8
plus
Definition 7 nonmeans- Definition 10
less tested Definition 9 plus
State government plus regular-price
income taxes cash transfers Medicare school lunches
Mean defict Mean defict Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 8 Def 9 Def 10 Def 11
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
25 to 44 years 10869 124 10135 129 10170 129 10159 129
45 to 54 years 10179 186 8927 205 8996 207 8997 207
55 to 64 years 9713 152 7951 221 8170 225 8167 225
65 years and over 8973 67 6533 201 6741 205 6737 205
Type of Family
Married-couple families 9176 70 8203 138 8366 141 8362 141
With related children under 18 10447 218 9227 226 9284 229 9277 229
With related children under 6 10025 298 9264 296 9262 298 9252 298
Male householder, no wife present 9375 199 7971 251 8110 254 8101 254
Female householder, no husband present 10870 99 10061 113 10105 113 10097 113
With related children under 18 11539 121 10720 125 10729 125 10719 125
With related children under 6 12116 175 11373 175 11393 175 11386 175
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 8
plus
Definition 7 nonmeans- Definition 10
less tested Definition 9 plus
State government plus regular-price
income taxes cash transfers Medicare school lunches
Mean defict Mean defict Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 8 Def 9 Def 10 Def 11
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Region
Northeast 9899 127 10026 195 9995 197 9984 197
Midwest 9130 128 8901 195 8990 196 8980 196
South 10017 88 8928 132 9116 133 9114 133
West 10026 129 9278 184 9373 187 9366 187
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 10598 104 9693 149 9820 151 9818 151
High school graduate, no college 9512 90 8936 137 9020 138 9013 138
College: Less than bachelor's degree 9544 119 8736 166 8860 167 8851 167
Bachelor's degree or more 8939 159 9104 304 9260 302 9243 302
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 10345 80 9529 90 9597 90 9591 90
Worked at full-time jobs 6737 134 6701 142 6711 143 6705 143
50 to 52 weeks 6068 196 6097 204 6130 206 6125 207
Worked at part-time jobs 7838 165 7664 179 7723 180 7714 180
Did not work 12702 100 11587 123 11714 123 11707 123
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 8
plus
Definition 7 nonmeans- Definition 10
less tested Definition 9 plus
State government plus regular-price
income taxes cash transfers Medicare school lunches
Mean defict Mean defict Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 8 Def 9 Def 10 Def 11
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 10388 58 9913 93 10044 94 10037 94
Householder 15 to 64 years 11394 86 10461 100 10527 101 10519 101
Householder 65 years and over 9068 67 6512 204 6721 208 6718 208
One worker 5889 145 5983 162 6050 165 6045 165
Two workers or more 8759 768 8855 804 8816 822 8795 822
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 12679 139 11468 158 11579 161 11575 161
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 13650 216 12749 225 12741 226 12735 226
SSI 12494 169 10897 203 11033 210 11030 210
Food stamps 11742 123 10553 132 10600 133 10596 133
Housing assistance 11753 173 10867 191 10953 193 10951 193
Energy assistance 11640 202 9954 234 10081 237 10079 237
Free or reduced-price school lunches 11636 142 10592 147 10649 148 10648 148
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 13603 172 12439 188 12394 190 12389 190
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 8
plus
Definition 7 nonmeans- Definition 10
less tested Definition 9 plus
State government plus regular-price
income taxes cash transfers Medicare school lunches
Mean defict Mean defict Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 8 Def 9 Def 10 Def 11
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 8072 109 7943 186 8037 188 8031 188
Medicare 9481 65 7179 151 7454 157 7450 157
Medicaid 11053 95 9803 108 9876 110 9870 110
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 9447 168 9159 178 9159 178 9147 178
Health insurance 9438 199 9132 206 9132 206 9121 206
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 11452 145 8005 200 8110 208 8106 208
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 14
Definition 11 Definition 13 plus
plus plus other net imputed
means-tested Definition 12 means-tested return
government plus government on equity
cash transfers Medicaid noncash transfers in own home
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 12 Def 13 Def 14 Def 15
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
All families 8299 81 8515 82 7202 80 7052 83
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 7998 98 8212 100 7193 98 7094 102
White alone 8000 99 8215 101 7214 100 7123 104
White alone, not Hispanic 7698 114 7904 116 7057 116 6889 120
Black alone or in combination 8900 155 9136 159 6908 148 6767 151
Black alone 8930 157 9164 161 6937 150 6791 153
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 8417 383 8644 393 8457 407 7400 420
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 8408 392 8623 402 8466 418 7375 432
Asian alone or in combination 8492 406 8772 415 8597 427 7457 441
Asian alone 8463 416 8754 425 8603 438 7417 454
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 7636 943 7236 1038 6667 1079 6695 1134
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 7691 919 7032 1039 6549 1155 6771 1223
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 8903 446 8926 461 7563 449 7424 446
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 9876 607 10012 615 8551 600 8587 593
Two or more races 7836 530 7911 563 6266 513 5966 500
Hispanic (of any race) 8657 180 8873 183 7512 176 7555 182
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 7699 112 7902 115 7031 115 6854 118
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 8662 192 8905 194 7349 188 7279 186
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 14
Definition 11 Definition 13 plus
plus plus other net imputed
means-tested Definition 12 means-tested return
government plus government on equity
cash transfers Medicaid noncash transfers in own home
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 12 Def 13 Def 14 Def 15
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
25 to 44 years 9020 120 9238 123 7504 121 7424 122
45 to 54 years 7570 199 7800 205 6857 205 6205 213
55 to 64 years 7244 233 7559 238 7161 233 6782 241
65 years and over 6306 212 6397 214 6122 210 6128 238
Type of Family
Married-couple families 7766 138 8012 142 7386 140 7196 148
With related children under 18 8525 213 8911 222 7899 223 7845 232
With related children under 6 8603 274 8982 286 7805 286 7736 298
Male householder, no wife present 7541 246 7546 249 6985 245 6943 253
Female householder, no husband present 8780 107 9014 109 7112 105 6977 107
With related children under 18 9321 118 9572 120 7410 117 7244 116
With related children under 6 10032 163 10311 167 7953 158 7836 157
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 14
Definition 11 Definition 13 plus
plus plus other net imputed
means-tested Definition 12 means-tested return
government plus government on equity
cash transfers Medicaid noncash transfers in own home
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 12 Def 13 Def 14 Def 15
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Region
Northeast 8538 186 8924 192 7508 186 7432 191
Midwest 7822 181 8087 185 6591 177 6611 181
South 8415 131 8626 134 7283 128 7065 132
West 8331 175 8395 179 7370 181 7172 190
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 8474 141 8638 145 7021 133 7012 139
High school graduate, no college 8145 133 8450 136 7008 133 6881 132
College: Less than bachelor's degree 8134 163 8310 167 7269 174 6934 181
Bachelor's degree or more 8695 309 8830 311 8729 309 8513 344
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 8518 86 8756 88 7331 86 7138 87
Worked at full-time jobs 6444 142 6614 147 5849 151 5776 153
50 to 52 weeks 6097 216 6322 227 6058 243 5956 239
Worked at part-time jobs 7180 171 7487 175 5847 166 5528 166
Did not work 10068 121 10291 122 8487 120 8289 122
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 14
Definition 11 Definition 13 plus
plus plus other net imputed
means-tested Definition 12 means-tested return
government plus government on equity
cash transfers Medicaid noncash transfers in own home
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 12 Def 13 Def 14 Def 15
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 8833 90 9020 91 7474 88 7286 91
Householder 15 to 64 years 9176 96 9384 98 7670 96 7423 97
Householder 65 years and over 6260 214 6348 215 6096 212 6031 241
One worker 5970 169 6234 178 5771 186 5834 192
Two workers or more 8958 839 8921 864 8840 833 8639 764
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 8133 148 8429 154 5561 132 5441 135
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 9127 190 9406 198 5982 173 5909 176
SSI 6484 186 6744 198 4678 175 4512 182
Food stamps 8711 121 9124 126 5980 108 5936 110
Housing assistance 8896 180 9259 190 4987 151 4987 151
Energy assistance 8185 216 8504 226 5708 197 5844 204
Free or reduced-price school lunches 9078 137 9376 142 7089 138 7018 140
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 8516 166 8804 174 5280 143 5224 145
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
After taxes
Definition 14
Definition 11 Definition 13 plus
plus plus other net imputed
means-tested Definition 12 means-tested return
government plus government on equity
cash transfers Medicaid noncash transfers in own home
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 12 Def 13 Def 14 Def 15
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 7698 188 7863 191 7290 192 7157 196
Medicare 6476 158 6588 161 5815 157 5967 179
Medicaid 8329 103 8705 107 6576 100 6457 102
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 9081 178 9081 178 8689 175 8298 181
Health insurance 9053 205 9053 205 8581 202 8241 208
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 6575 218 6797 225 5522 217 5347 231
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Money
Definition 14 Income
less after taxes Money
medical not including Income
programs EITC after taxes
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
All families 7004 79 8106 72 8075 79
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 6995 97 7821 86 7741 95
White alone 7016 98 7828 87 7734 96
White alone, not Hispanic 6860 115 7546 101 7444 110
Black alone or in combination 6720 146 8689 141 8787 152
Black alone 6755 149 8701 143 8816 155
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 8238 406 8224 350 8141 376
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 8243 417 8342 361 8186 385
Asian alone or in combination 8361 426 8264 364 8158 395
Asian alone 8364 437 8365 375 8188 405
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 6644 1066 7355 1167 7539 1062
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 6525 1139 8096 1368 8174 1086
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 7275 442 8761 417 8856 435
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 8402 594 9987 572 9647 594
Two or more races 5955 501 7420 472 7817 521
Hispanic (of any race) 7322 173 8372 153 8377 175
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 6835 113 7543 99 7451 109
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 7277 187 8439 171 8480 190
25 to 44 years 7382 120 8838 104 8887 117
45 to 54 years 6655 201 7473 176 7468 194
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Money
Definition 14 Income
less after taxes Money
medical not including Income
programs EITC after taxes
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
55 to 64 years 6773 230 6793 212 6814 219
65 years and over 5694 204 5820 201 5820 203
Type of Family
Married-couple families 7038 136 7662 120 7406 132
With related children under 18 7645 216 8553 169 8354 203
With related children under 6 7564 276 8828 218 8473 263
Male householder, no wife present 6879 244 7234 220 7330 244
Female householder, no husband present 7003 105 8581 97 8679 105
With related children under 18 7313 116 9022 105 9215 116
With related children under 6 7839 156 9848 147 9872 161
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Money
Definition 14 Income
less after taxes Money
medical not including Income
programs EITC after taxes
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Region
Northeast 7231 185 8033 162 8188 180
Midwest 6424 175 7824 158 7579 174
South 7076 126 8262 118 8263 128
West 7215 178 8128 157 8088 172
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6825 130 8423 128 8248 138
High school graduate, no college 6796 131 7946 116 7932 128
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7070 172 7807 145 7902 160
Bachelor's degree or more 8642 308 8312 276 8447 303
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 7169 85 8335 76 8337 84
Worked at full-time jobs 5765 148 6707 113 6397 136
50 to 52 weeks 5920 237 6142 153 6043 204
Worked at part-time jobs 5751 164 7494 155 7052 168
Did not work 8258 119 9926 117 9875 120
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Money
Definition 14 Income
less after taxes Money
medical not including Income
programs EITC after taxes
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 7261 87 8754 84 8619 88
Householder 15 to 64 years 7506 95 9157 89 9033 94
Householder 65 years and over 5641 207 5742 202 5739 204
One worker 5662 182 6259 131 5881 163
Two workers or more 8443 789 7606 588 8356 738
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 5321 129 8060 141 7960 145
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 5753 170 9196 181 9127 188
SSI 4423 168 6303 174 6220 179
Food stamps 5801 106 8790 111 8548 119
Housing assistance 4796 147 8768 162 8677 176
Energy assistance 5520 192 8257 196 7994 213
Free or reduced-price school lunches 6945 136 8946 118 8943 134
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 5091 139 8521 160 8359 164
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Money
Definition 14 Income
less after taxes Money
medical not including Income
programs EITC after taxes
Mean deficit Mean deficit Mean deficit
Def 16 Def 17 Def 18
Value Std error Value Std error Value Std error
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 7186 190 7143 145 7247 168
Medicare 5387 150 5985 147 6000 150
Medicaid 6346 98 8339 93 8158 102
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 8689 175 8885 164 9093 178
Health insurance 8581 202 8773 187 9064 206
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 5093 205 6206 202 6180 207
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8
All families 7657 14031 14024 13552 14202 14012 12994 13021
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 5195 10599 10595 10252 10752 10602 9827 9848
White alone 5068 10412 10409 10074 10559 10415 9663 9685
White alone, not Hispanic 3285 8129 8128 7896 8192 8153 7734 7762
Black alone or in combination 2050 2859 2858 2755 2870 2848 2641 2647
Black alone 1997 2795 2794 2693 2803 2784 2583 2589
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 329 458 456 438 468 454 414 412
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 309 435 433 417 447 433 399 398
Asian alone or in combination 306 431 429 411 440 426 391 390
Asian alone 289 411 409 393 422 408 379 378
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 27 32 32 29 31 30 25 25
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 20 24 24 24 24 24 20 20
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 236 335 335 317 338 327 305 305
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 135 174 174 165 174 168 162 162
Two or more races 149 215 215 203 220 213 187 187
Hispanic (of any race) 1948 2479 2476 2357 2563 2454 2099 2093
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 3376 8273 8272 8036 8339 8296 7863 7891
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 1066 1169 1171 1113 1160 1149 1033 1038
25 to 44 years 4016 4649 4647 4416 4799 4596 3872 3858
45 to 54 years 1133 1603 1602 1526 1631 1605 1468 1478
55 to 64 years 719 1612 1612 1544 1603 1612 1591 1608
65 years and over 723 4999 4992 4953 5009 5050 5031 5038
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2944 7780 7769 7526 7914 7733 7281 7292
With related children under 18 1777 2194 2194 2031 2318 2108 1670 1666
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8
With related children under 6 1103 1246 1246 1157 1320 1190 912 909
Male householder, no wife present 669 1009 1009 959 1016 1016 931 933
Female householder, no husband present 4044 5242 5247 5068 5273 5263 4782 4795
With related children under 18 3493 4037 4037 3880 4054 4023 3549 3543
With related children under 6 1884 2046 2046 1967 2051 2023 1820 1822
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8
Region
Northeast 1264 2418 2414 2307 2422 2418 2220 2201
Midwest 1510 2934 2936 2812 2929 2908 2689 2715
South 3158 5780 5775 5628 5901 5802 5428 5442
West 1725 2900 2899 2805 2950 2884 2657 2663
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2630 4485 4480 4354 4577 4496 4191 4200
High school graduate, no college 2799 5253 5249 5076 5296 5242 4852 4859
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1659 2977 2977 2846 2999 2957 2701 2710
Bachelor's degree or more 570 1316 1319 1276 1330 1316 1250 1251
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 6934 9032 9032 8599 9193 8962 7963 7982
Worked at full-time jobs 2424 2853 2856 2584 2921 2759 2090 2076
50 to 52 weeks 1387 1562 1565 1377 1618 1491 1019 1006
Worked at part-time jobs 1217 1499 1498 1412 1529 1510 1312 1322
Did not work 3294 4680 4679 4603 4743 4692 4561 4584
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5693 11613 11604 11409 11660 11650 11255 11286
Householder 15 to 64 years 5004 6763 6761 6593 6807 6760 6377 6403
Householder 65 years and over 689 4850 4843 4815 4854 4890 4878 4883
One worker 1830 2268 2270 2013 2382 2214 1621 1618
Two workers or more 135 150 150 131 160 148 118 116
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1659 2596 2600 2560 2620 2610 2504 2505
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 1017 1230 1230 1219 1249 1238 1167 1164
SSI 804 1601 1605 1574 1608 1608 1569 1572
Food stamps 3187 3920 3920 3828 3958 3902 3579 3582
Housing assistance 1517 1839 1839 1789 1852 1842 1688 1689
Energy assistance 922 1281 1281 1252 1286 1274 1195 1191
Free or reduced-price school lunches 3261 3906 3906 3738 4005 3858 3311 3300
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1319 1735 1735 1720 1754 1740 1678 1677
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 1 Defin 2 Defin 3 Defin 4 Defin 5 Defin 6 Defin 7 Defin 8
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1716 3559 3551 3078 3263 3243 2952 2969
Medicare 1411 6762 6757 6677 6784 6820 6736 6749
Medicaid 4527 6267 6271 6110 6432 6287 5682 5683
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 1562 1770 1770 1770 1935 1874 1641 1648
Health insurance 1203 1315 1315 1315 1445 1392 1183 1186
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 749 1846 1850 1822 1860 1859 1810 1812
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 9 Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16
All families 7194 6996 6995 6485 6195 5580 5155 5781
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 4808 4688 4687 4338 4148 3798 3463 3939
White alone 4695 4576 4575 4233 4049 3709 3377 3847
White alone, not Hispanic 3176 3084 3084 2831 2707 2474 2223 2562
Black alone or in combination 1985 1935 1935 1799 1712 1479 1408 1529
Black alone 1935 1885 1885 1751 1668 1443 1374 1490
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 313 286 286 271 256 232 216 239
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 302 275 275 260 246 224 208 230
Asian alone or in combination 293 266 266 251 237 217 202 224
Asian alone 283 256 256 242 228 209 194 215
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 23 23 23 22 21 17 16 17
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 18 18 18 18 18 15 14 15
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 225 222 222 205 199 175 167 184
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 132 131 131 120 117 107 102 109
Two or more races 132 130 130 122 115 98 94 104
Hispanic (of any race) 1665 1638 1637 1540 1476 1353 1269 1404
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 3257 3165 3165 2907 2780 2540 2286 2630
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 948 946 946 904 863 791 775 803
25 to 44 years 3457 3430 3430 3287 3138 2778 2695 2846
45 to 54 years 1146 1115 1113 997 945 836 754 868
55 to 64 years 803 758 758 654 618 580 494 617
65 years and over 841 748 748 643 631 596 436 646
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2692 2557 2556 2354 2230 2081 1848 2212
With related children under 18 1359 1335 1334 1284 1188 1072 990 1128
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 9 Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16
With related children under 6 818 811 811 795 737 673 634 709
Male householder, no wife present 642 622 622 590 583 539 508 548
Female householder, no husband present 3861 3817 3817 3542 3382 2960 2799 3020
With related children under 18 3204 3184 3184 2990 2852 2478 2402 2523
With related children under 6 1720 1709 1709 1636 1556 1395 1359 1426
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 9 Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16
Region
Northeast 1164 1136 1136 1040 968 836 776 873
Midwest 1403 1377 1377 1283 1215 1083 1036 1120
South 2998 2906 2904 2740 2632 2401 2213 2484
West 1629 1578 1578 1422 1380 1261 1130 1305
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2603 2525 2523 2298 2206 1974 1834 2052
High school graduate, no college 2572 2512 2512 2344 2214 1996 1884 2072
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1515 1472 1472 1371 1314 1175 1077 1216
Bachelor's degree or more 504 488 488 472 462 435 359 441
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 6354 6248 6247 5842 5564 4985 4718 5135
Worked at full-time jobs 1802 1788 1786 1689 1600 1364 1304 1399
50 to 52 weeks 927 913 912 856 801 674 664 698
Worked at part-time jobs 1089 1073 1073 1016 949 821 780 839
Did not work 3463 3388 3388 3138 3015 2800 2634 2897
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 9 Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5777 5610 5610 5177 4984 4527 4153 4683
Householder 15 to 64 years 4976 4899 4899 4567 4385 3963 3743 4069
Householder 65 years and over 801 711 711 609 599 564 410 614
One worker 1316 1287 1286 1214 1118 964 912 1001
Two workers or more 101 99 99 95 93 90 90 97
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 2120 2024 2024 1516 1395 1141 1095 1211
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 1100 1092 1092 947 875 706 688 745
SSI 1237 1146 1146 727 649 517 484 562
Food stamps 3118 3061 3061 2777 2547 2042 1963 2133
Housing assistance 1476 1437 1437 1318 1204 870 870 916
Energy assistance 920 893 893 820 756 611 566 641
Free or reduced-price school lunches 2888 2846 2846 2659 2496 2069 1991 2136
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1530 1503 1503 1219 1115 884 855 932
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 9 Defin 10 Defin 11 Defin 12 Defin 13 Defin 14 Defin 15 Defin 16
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1256 1229 1228 1170 1134 1040 951 1060
Medicare 1620 1422 1422 1214 1177 1080 866 1184
Medicaid 4506 4378 4378 3878 3588 3081 2917 3236
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 1440 1440 1440 1436 1436 1386 1290 1386
Health insurance 1082 1082 1082 1078 1078 1037 980 1037
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 980 852 852 646 609 530 453 589
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 17 Defin 18
All families 8028 6897
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 5446 4643
White alone 5311 4537
White alone, not Hispanic 3460 3042
Black alone or in combination 2153 1871
Black alone 2098 1822
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 344 300
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 325 286
Asian alone or in combination 320 280
Asian alone 303 268
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 29 24
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 21 18
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 246 212
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 138 126
Two or more races 156 126
Hispanic (of any race) 2029 1640
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 3553 3119
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 1105 941
25 to 44 years 4211 3448
45 to 54 years 1210 1056
55 to 64 years 771 734
65 years and over 731 717
Type of Family
Married-couple families 3087 2610
With related children under 18 1854 1393
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 17 Defin 18
With related children under 6 1139 852
Male householder, no wife present 722 625
Female householder, no husband present 4219 3662
With related children under 18 3635 3088
With related children under 6 1940 1693
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 17 Defin 18
Region
Northeast 1335 1129
Midwest 1610 1388
South 3300 2870
West 1782 1509
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2746 2422
High school graduate, no college 2954 2504
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1735 1458
Bachelor's degree or more 593 514
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 7297 6180
Worked at full-time jobs 2625 1860
50 to 52 weeks 1518 965
Worked at part-time jobs 1298 1076
Did not work 3374 3244
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 17 Defin 18
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5859 5422
Householder 15 to 64 years 5167 4740
Householder 65 years and over 692 681
One worker 2010 1359
Two workers or more 158 116
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1695 1578
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 1048 960
SSI 810 780
Food stamps 3266 2894
Housing assistance 1551 1377
Energy assistance 956 858
Free or reduced-price school lunches 3380 2780
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1342 1261
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Defin 17 Defin 18
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1849 1464
Medicare 1447 1372
Medicaid 4683 4042
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 1672 1436
Health insurance 1286 1078
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 769 726
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
All families 62211638 7.59818E11 1.3727E8 1.79573E12 1.3724E8 1.79526E12 1.3413E8
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 40535890 4.84167E11 99221667 1.23729E12 99204317 1.23689E12 97012741
White alone 39571375 4.73131E11 97386645 1.21327E12 97369295 1.21286E12 95217929
White alone, not Hispanic 25019321 2.83403E11 75149316 8.99245E11 75126712 8.98667E11 73627090
Black alone or in combination 18056781 2.29056E11 31960642 4.70975E11 31967045 4.71092E11 31272842
Black alone 17624956 2.24317E11 31242840 4.60212E11 31249244 4.60329E11 30563017
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 2695308 3.32644E10 4604800 6.34709E10 4585151 6.32852E10 4391967
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 2580619 3.20045E10 4439026 6.16108E10 4419377 6.14251E10 4242318
Asian alone or in combination 2526129 3.13288E10 4339322 5.94753E10 4319673 5.92897E10 4137732
Asian alone 2421329 3.01325E10 4193444 5.78277E10 4173795 5.76421E10 4005224
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 195339 2261555348 298762 4438098040 298762 4438098040 285802
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 156627 1854710970 240084 3701724981 240084 3701724981 231968
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 2070593 2.61037E10 3673563 5.34084E10 3673563 5.34084E10 3599783
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 1334402 1.80372E10 2062389 3.18681E10 2062389 3.18681E10 2018026
Two or more races 1102949 1.23453E10 2143353 2.88573E10 2143353 2.88573E10 2096123
Hispanic (of any race) 16006479 2.07484E11 24387703 3.45205E11 24392956 3.4538E11 23685167
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 25680929 2.90794E11 76581361 9.17843E11 76558758 9.17265E11 75042289
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 8883773 1.02677E11 11106606 1.43262E11 11119007 1.43364E11 10866674
25 to 44 years 35510832 4.60826E11 48595569 7.21482E11 48582618 7.2134E11 46965847
45 to 54 years 8552233 9.89596E10 16204430 2.2729E11 16203847 2.27288E11 15711648
55 to 64 years 5072890 5.58455E10 16076502 2.05057E11 16057626 2.04745E11 15611624
65 years and over 4191910 4.15101E10 45285648 4.98641E11 45275062 4.98523E11 44976494
Type of Family
Married-couple families 22469619 2.75652E11 71648706 8.83113E11 71596914 8.82463E11 69865142
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
With related children under 18 14866580 1.99783E11 21975951 3.45145E11 21976648 3.45148E11 20766396
With related children under 6 9426773 1.28491E11 11934595 1.86269E11 11934595 1.86269E11 11293146
Male householder, no wife present 4923892 5.52833E10 9291875 1.15932E11 9305189 1.1609E11 9045191
Female householder, no husband present 34818127 4.28883E11 56328174 7.96687E11 56336056 7.96707E11 55221954
With related children under 18 31569959 3.98829E11 45197543 6.70383E11 45197543 6.70383E11 44229695
With related children under 6 18423417 2.44814E11 24317843 3.77628E11 24317843 3.77628E11 23838523
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Region
Northeast 10267874 1.25422E11 23430719 3.0741E11 23417364 3.07394E11 22710725
Midwest 11958346 1.41959E11 26945385 3.46059E11 26953928 3.45966E11 26203641
South 26177473 3.25337E11 58051320 7.60354E11 58030297 7.60122E11 56985589
West 13807945 1.67101E11 28841331 3.81909E11 28836570 3.81779E11 28232333
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 22110387 2.80973E11 47414996 6.62534E11 47386854 6.62316E11 46530373
High school graduate, no college 22412256 2.68363E11 49984665 6.36035E11 49938274 6.35466E11 48694305
College: Less than bachelor's degree 12942023 1.50062E11 27998973 3.5627E11 28018902 3.5636E11 27367024
Bachelor's degree or more 4746972 6.04199E10 11870121 1.40894E11 11894129 1.41119E11 11540585
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 58019728 7.18308E11 91983107 1.29709E12 91963098 1.29674E12 89155794
Worked at full-time jobs 16003036 1.7116E11 19900296 2.23328E11 19908225 2.2335E11 18154767
50 to 52 weeks 8336720 9.05142E10 9546574 1.03829E11 9553239 1.03849E11 8543538
Worked at part-time jobs 9117550 9.82106E10 12561708 1.48667E11 12560719 1.48667E11 12057475
Did not work 32899142 4.48937E11 59521102 9.25097E11 59494154 9.2472E11 58943552
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 49951238 6.26463E11 1.2209E8 1.63037E12 1.2205E8 1.62988E12 1.2049E8
Householder 15 to 64 years 45999457 5.88019E11 77748845 1.1417E12 77722171 1.14133E12 76368460
Householder 65 years and over 3951781 3.84437E10 44341650 4.88674E11 44331063 4.88556E11 44122779
One worker 11216687 1.18881E11 13986259 1.48113E11 13992924 1.48132E11 12550250
Two workers or more 1043714 1.44741E10 1192001 1.72446E10 1192001 1.72446E10 1090798
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 13342379 1.51818E11 33137598 5.20122E11 33139803 5.20123E11 32798398
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 9408290 1.14463E11 16841741 2.8227E11 16841741 2.8227E11 16707204
SSI 5004807 4.72246E10 20125148 3.09022E11 20127354 3.09023E11 19900194
Food stamps 27693643 3.43539E11 46000386 7.03165E11 46000386 7.03165E11 45296605
Housing assistance 13195030 1.65018E11 21446383 3.21309E11 21446383 3.21309E11 21146478
Energy assistance 7649872 9.05272E10 14942335 2.21996E11 14942335 2.21996E11 14709371
Free or reduced-price school lunches 28885316 3.80801E11 44008900 6.94809E11 44014636 6.94892E11 42789745
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 11198310 1.30992E11 23817922 3.94011E11 23817922 3.94011E11 23703625
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 1 Definition 2 Definition 3 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 12388782 1.43892E11 28418988 3.27541E11 28366790 3.27107E11 25260918
Medicare 8462002 8.59069E10 64685550 7.72666E11 64700175 7.72779E11 64108692
Medicaid 37399202 4.55395E11 68786709 1.00145E12 68789481 1.00145E12 67667492
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 14194546 1.85053E11 16714329 2.23275E11 16695341 2.22997E11 16695341
Health insurance 10723373 1.39622E11 12154883 1.62229E11 12161315 1.62315E11 12161315
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 4651117 4.76148E10 21294365 3.02002E11 21297137 3.02004E11 21068701
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6 Definition 7
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
All families 1.76087E12 1.3888E8 1.81509E12 1.383E8 1.81332E12 1.2794E8 1.68262E12
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 1.21435E12 1.0055E8 1.25319E12 1.0001E8 1.25083E12 92721987 1.16236E12
White alone 1.19071E12 98681226 1.22875E12 98154389 1.22633E12 91032313 1.13981E12
White alone, not Hispanic 8.83593E11 75589314 9.04329E11 75455833 9.04174E11 71439356 8.57479E11
Black alone or in combination 4.62489E11 32238051 4.74753E11 32207800 4.75218E11 29632884 4.40367E11
Black alone 4.51782E11 31500225 4.63773E11 31472350 4.64192E11 28969842 4.30093E11
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 6.03239E10 4612197 6.27237E10 4593866 6.29369E10 4185192 5.77187E10
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 5.85824E10 4448259 6.08704E10 4433474 6.10931E10 4050550 5.60974E10
Asian alone or in combination 5.66103E10 4336720 5.87842E10 4319018 5.89634E10 3946519 5.43644E10
Asian alone 5.5061E10 4191204 5.71329E10 4176554 5.73211E10 3826056 5.29101E10
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 4145230611 308087 4388728141 307398 4422131491 267201 3736630174
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 3440732758 251770 3656672574 251732 3691302574 219367 3106638178
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 5.27009E10 3716249 5.43624E10 3704612 5.43653E10 3413827 4.9886E10
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 3.14315E10 2076670 3.24428E10 2070774 3.23922E10 1908323 2.94255E10
Two or more races 2.84475E10 2181960 2.93373E10 2169746 2.93874E10 1979847 2.72703E10
Hispanic (of any race) 3.37797E11 25274751 3.56346E11 24884227 3.54239E11 21539689 3.10769E11
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 9.02077E11 77054097 9.2331E11 76913789 9.23191E11 72799562 8.75455E11
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 1.4108E11 11378205 1.46921E11 11362718 1.47182E11 9988481 1.31011E11
25 to 44 years 7.02437E11 49769457 7.35712E11 49082427 7.32513E11 42091308 6.41828E11
45 to 54 years 2.21346E11 16413174 2.28957E11 16390998 2.29163E11 15060987 2.13881E11
55 to 64 years 2.00773E11 15970412 2.04352E11 16010597 2.04632E11 15602250 1.99494E11
65 years and over 4.95231E11 45351805 4.99148E11 45448804 4.99828E11 45192724 4.96405E11
Type of Family
Married-couple families 8.62635E11 72449190 8.92176E11 71713548 8.87326E11 66980747 8.24757E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6 Definition 7
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
With related children under 18 3.29932E11 22817789 3.55061E11 22029485 3.49944E11 17485606 2.8922E11
With related children under 6 1.78377E11 12592786 1.94788E11 12035575 1.90778E11 9157153 1.51163E11
Male householder, no wife present 1.12853E11 9434409 1.16789E11 9457744 1.17226E11 8741640 1.09751E11
Female householder, no husband present 7.8538E11 56999455 8.06126E11 57124252 8.08766E11 52213362 7.48112E11
With related children under 18 6.6041E11 45769172 6.79169E11 45803399 6.81276E11 41007429 6.21803E11
With related children under 6 3.72741E11 24632762 3.83478E11 24641448 3.84381E11 22119310 3.49837E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6 Definition 7
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
Region
Northeast 3.00326E11 23411193 3.07743E11 23575577 3.10762E11 21918623 2.90895E11
Midwest 3.38048E11 27142586 3.48928E11 27082400 3.49312E11 24807636 3.20798E11
South 7.48097E11 58894830 7.69586E11 58504512 7.66782E11 54510500 7.16472E11
West 3.74397E11 29434445 3.88833E11 29133056 3.86462E11 26698990 3.54455E11
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 6.52318E11 48165835 6.72394E11 47894618 6.71089E11 44531863 6.25262E11
High school graduate, no college 6.22168E11 50443322 6.41617E11 50278630 6.41454E11 46284952 5.93313E11
College: Less than bachelor's degree 3.49898E11 28391565 3.60963E11 28274663 3.60756E11 25913103 3.3174E11
Bachelor's degree or more 1.36484E11 11882332 1.40117E11 11847633 1.40019E11 11205832 1.32305E11
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 1.26564E12 93531249 1.31594E12 92846740 1.31349E12 82743025 1.18622E12
Worked at full-time jobs 2.04177E11 20659587 2.3078E11 20072727 2.27145E11 14078315 1.575E11
50 to 52 weeks 9.27719E10 10153195 1.08906E11 9649359 1.0518E11 6155466 6.90282E10
Worked at part-time jobs 1.43087E11 12900249 1.53503E11 12914652 1.5474E11 10454241 1.21107E11
Did not work 9.18372E11 59971413 9.31659E11 59859362 9.31605E11 58210469 9.07608E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6 Definition 7
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 1.61226E12 1.2267E8 1.63984E12 1.2277E8 1.64265E12 1.1735E8 1.56599E12
Householder 15 to 64 years 1.12605E12 78291915 1.15088E12 78309856 1.15324E12 73073758 1.07926E12
Householder 65 years and over 4.86211E11 44379863 4.88953E11 44455701 4.89406E11 44272187 4.8673E11
One worker 1.32594E11 14939328 1.57332E11 14282015 1.52819E11 9569990 1.0127E11
Two workers or more 1.60166E10 1271947 1.79209E10 1247971 1.7854E10 1019813 1.53643E10
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 5.16258E11 33473302 5.26167E11 33471200 5.27E11 31805837 5.00399E11
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 2.80693E11 17095899 2.86697E11 17086876 2.87327E11 15928685 2.68185E11
SSI 3.06391E11 20217247 3.10956E11 20225262 3.1126E11 19648918 3.02292E11
Food stamps 6.9431E11 46867338 7.16299E11 46688451 7.16176E11 42161948 6.51484E11
Housing assistance 3.18668E11 21725349 3.26031E11 21714847 3.26426E11 19899589 3.02498E11
Energy assistance 2.19276E11 15104484 2.2475E11 15114156 2.25436E11 13910396 2.08741E11
Free or reduced-price school lunches 6.79597E11 45093647 7.09485E11 44561091 7.07035E11 38540812 6.25805E11
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 3.92256E11 24152043 3.99566E11 24147830 4.00279E11 22858890 3.78479E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 4 Definition 5 Definition 6 Definition 7
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 2.92715E11 26302901 3.03205E11 26226781 3.03196E11 23997399 2.78899E11
Medicare 7.65589E11 64957426 7.75158E11 65048486 7.76004E11 63984983 7.61032E11
Medicaid 9.88802E11 70452099 1.02372E12 70075142 1.02307E12 62976061 9.29447E11
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 2.22997E11 17751747 2.34184E11 17520910 2.32611E11 15569204 2.09094E11
Health insurance 1.62315E11 13021041 1.71202E11 12813011 1.69752E11 11192088 1.50535E11
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 2.98713E11 21472214 3.04261E11 21483106 3.04566E11 20763669 2.93719E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 8 Definition 9 Definition 10 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
All families 1.2779E8 1.67979E12 66038607 8.97201E11 65007993 8.84514E11 64950519
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 92631143 1.16071E12 41994827 5.5066E11 41245044 5.40792E11 41205668
White alone 90946032 1.13819E12 40949825 5.36676E11 40208341 5.26944E11 40169646
White alone, not Hispanic 71397154 8.56354E11 26831820 3.34675E11 26258553 3.26799E11 26230047
Black alone or in combination 29585635 4.394E11 20149633 2.90748E11 19977467 2.89193E11 19964536
Black alone 28931721 4.29171E11 19625561 2.82341E11 19455439 2.80796E11 19442718
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 4170530 5.7531E10 2868268 3.98224E10 2775324 3.89093E10 2772141
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 4036827 5.592E10 2762306 3.85353E10 2671342 3.76581E10 2668189
Asian alone or in combination 3930645 5.41676E10 2665293 3.70126E10 2574433 3.61357E10 2571684
Asian alone 3810977 5.27227E10 2570734 3.588E10 2479874 3.5003E10 2477155
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 267952 3738505622 227875 3130904953 225792 3094787557 225357
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 220724 3116602337 186446 2574710115 186342 2574487048 185908
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 3405447 4.98024E10 2311484 3.39637E10 2285420 3.34673E10 2282546
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 1904939 2.93618E10 1458675 2.22083E10 1440974 2.18211E10 1438931
Two or more races 1971427 2.72265E10 1247365 1.75206E10 1237022 1.73755E10 1236161
Hispanic (of any race) 21477965 3.10104E11 15772710 2.26461E11 15593587 2.24498E11 15581272
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 72755839 8.74321E11 27573523 3.44463E11 26991957 3.36452E11 26962769
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 9977592 1.30794E11 8902130 1.12822E11 8864460 1.12431E11 8860991
25 to 44 years 41934975 6.39459E11 35032684 5.13964E11 34882199 5.12081E11 34844995
45 to 54 years 15045853 2.13678E11 10227296 1.35517E11 10028892 1.3323E11 10017839
55 to 64 years 15616934 1.99507E11 6385104 7.60763E10 6190243 7.3862E10 6187533
65 years and over 45210465 4.96353E11 5491393 5.88221E10 5042198 5.29101E10 5039160
Type of Family
Married-couple families 66913873 8.23385E11 22079705 2.92033E11 21391370 2.83157E11 21369865
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 8 Definition 9 Definition 10 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
With related children under 18 17407040 2.87964E11 12539936 1.91337E11 12395430 1.9018E11 12374065
With related children under 6 9109694 1.50395E11 7575676 1.17169E11 7514579 1.16579E11 7506810
Male householder, no wife present 8747437 1.09717E11 5113831 6.16101E10 5043762 6.10018E10 5038536
Female householder, no husband present 52124510 7.46689E11 38845070 5.43558E11 38572861 5.40355E11 38542118
With related children under 18 40883919 6.20213E11 34342666 4.96942E11 34163872 4.94768E11 34133476
With related children under 6 22069611 3.4919E11 19563554 2.95041E11 19475533 2.93958E11 19463184
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 8 Definition 9 Definition 10 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Region
Northeast 21788308 2.89195E11 11670579 1.6593E11 11354360 1.60903E11 11341394
Midwest 24783469 3.20165E11 12491016 1.69639E11 12377599 1.68072E11 12363684
South 54513354 7.16097E11 26768378 3.55195E11 26489384 3.52694E11 26470094
West 26700689 3.54335E11 15108635 2.06437E11 14786649 2.02845E11 14775348
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 44511808 6.24759E11 25233080 3.65064E11 24791719 3.59722E11 24774406
High school graduate, no college 46222105 5.92159E11 22981915 3.05033E11 22657227 3.01227E11 22638909
College: Less than bachelor's degree 25865865 3.30879E11 13233188 1.66418E11 13041495 1.6428E11 13027826
Bachelor's degree or more 11186041 1.31994E11 4590424 6.06869E10 4517551 5.92851E10 4509378
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 82575354 1.18344E12 60547214 8.38379E11 59965795 8.31604E11 59911359
Worked at full-time jobs 13987080 1.56209E11 12072797 1.33347E11 11997615 1.32822E11 11976586
50 to 52 weeks 6106020 6.84448E10 5650726 6.32321E10 5596175 6.28663E10 5583487
Worked at part-time jobs 10362296 1.19706E11 8345405 9.46205E10 8283779 9.39951E10 8274405
Did not work 58225978 9.07523E11 40129011 6.10412E11 39684401 6.04787E11 39660368
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 8 Definition 9 Definition 10 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 1.1724E8 1.56384E12 57269932 8.00095E11 56347600 7.88143E11 56307890
Householder 15 to 64 years 72956117 1.07722E12 52056556 7.44635E11 51567589 7.38454E11 51529730
Householder 65 years and over 44280682 4.86619E11 5213376 5.54596E10 4780010 4.96881E10 4778160
One worker 9530682 1.00618E11 7876684 8.39259E10 7787947 8.33536E10 7772305
Two workers or more 1018338 1.53369E10 891991 1.31804E10 872446 1.30182E10 870324
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 31755111 4.99474E11 24314049 3.69292E11 23433915 3.57105E11 23424960
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 15882270 2.67401E11 14018758 2.27758E11 13916959 2.26234E11 13910223
SSI 19642227 3.02112E11 13483983 1.97825E11 12644602 1.86145E11 12641317
Food stamps 42058147 6.4968E11 32909982 4.83945E11 32443369 4.7709E11 32430776
Housing assistance 19853183 3.01736E11 16042924 2.38153E11 15734933 2.34343E11 15731543
Energy assistance 13860639 2.07956E11 9162600 1.28681E11 8997769 1.26679E11 8996000
Free or reduced-price school lunches 38403394 6.23882E11 30586304 4.68865E11 30304208 4.65986E11 30301377
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 22811353 3.77617E11 19032255 3.03028E11 18625979 2.96395E11 18618692
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 8 Definition 9 Definition 10 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 23966417 2.78331E11 9978713 1.23347E11 9878347 1.22565E11 9860842
Medicare 63987334 7.60719E11 11628783 1.31757E11 10598169 1.1907E11 10593135
Medicaid 62817118 9.2722E11 44172354 6.24418E11 43241178 6.12289E11 43215065
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 15570875 2.08745E11 13191716 1.73725E11 13191716 1.73725E11 13174386
Health insurance 11193657 1.50248E11 9879780 1.30074E11 9879780 1.30074E11 9868084
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 20751119 2.93524E11 7841205 9.3534E10 6910029 8.14048E10 6906707
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 11 Definition 12 Definition 13 Definition 14
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
All families 8.83336E11 53822518 6.66777E11 52752645 6.59283E11 40189271 4.50423E11
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 5.40031E11 34693633 4.22259E11 34062680 4.17786E11 27317649 3.08555E11
White alone 5.26203E11 33862439 4.12597E11 33263748 4.08298E11 26757887 3.03092E11
White alone, not Hispanic 3.26292E11 21791571 2.51031E11 21395417 2.48394E11 17461639 1.89864E11
Black alone or in combination 2.88915E11 16013209 2.04885E11 15640286 2.02443E11 10218657 1.09111E11
Black alone 2.80524E11 15632803 2.00578E11 15285805 1.98327E11 10013805 1.07324E11
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 3.88367E10 2280226 2.7847E10 2212283 2.72704E10 1963458 2.37898E10
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 3.75857E10 2184632 2.67218E10 2120449 2.61627E10 1892788 2.30521E10
Asian alone or in combination 3.60738E10 2134192 2.65085E10 2080549 2.60584E10 1863787 2.29053E10
Asian alone 3.49413E10 2044668 2.54291E10 1993188 2.49935E10 1795675 2.21802E10
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 3084078152 167230 1619911251 152332 1486773238 112400 1015517402
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 2563777644 137621 1275834217 125835 1162908289 97114 871873027
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 3.33754E10 1825811 2.2997E10 1779742 2.26825E10 1324068 1.49956E10
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 2.1755E10 1185527 1.59858E10 1172050 1.59022E10 910857 1.10748E10
Two or more races 1.73496E10 959460 1.09111E10 912018 1.05995E10 613933 5880485323
Hispanic (of any race) 2.24192E11 13328939 1.76863E11 13093917 1.7494E11 10161797 1.21884E11
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 3.35925E11 22383194 2.5784E11 21964306 2.55073E11 17855813 1.93677E11
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 1.12356E11 7834519 9.20216E10 7684929 9.09389E10 5813728 6.04389E10
25 to 44 years 5.11325E11 29647212 3.92508E11 28985115 3.87635E11 20842742 2.47762E11
45 to 54 years 1.33002E11 7547697 8.86938E10 7373293 8.75774E10 5733087 6.28659E10
55 to 64 years 7.38075E10 4739201 5.30174E10 4675085 5.27011E10 4150800 4.44428E10
65 years and over 5.28458E10 4053890 4.05356E10 4034223 4.04302E10 3648914 3.4914E10
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2.82752E11 18277675 2.26956E11 17868353 2.24018E11 15372330 1.81975E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 11 Definition 12 Definition 13 Definition 14
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
With related children under 18 1.89777E11 10941580 1.53229E11 10585920 1.50495E11 8468485 1.12794E11
With related children under 6 1.16438E11 6842101 9.71856E10 6620971 9.53031E10 5254759 7.08869E10
Male householder, no wife present 6.09228E10 4447948 5.04815E10 4400364 5.02152E10 3762782 4.02916E10
Female householder, no husband present 5.39662E11 31096895 3.89339E11 30483928 3.8505E11 21054159 2.28157E11
With related children under 18 4.94081E11 27870204 3.59744E11 27296996 3.55675E11 18359716 2.0384E11
With related children under 6 2.93652E11 16414609 2.22136E11 16044465 2.19454E11 11097731 1.27169E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 11 Definition 12 Definition 13 Definition 14
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
Region
Northeast 1.60567E11 8877264 1.11214E11 8640219 1.09673E11 6276071 7.01063E10
Midwest 1.67856E11 10036444 1.20477E11 9825745 1.19095E11 7139138 7.59161E10
South 3.52313E11 23060045 2.90531E11 22702641 2.88254E11 17482207 1.97331E11
West 2.026E11 11848765 1.44554E11 11584041 1.42261E11 9291854 1.0707E11
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 3.59346E11 19476018 2.49743E11 19053565 2.46462E11 13860045 1.52512E11
High school graduate, no college 3.00869E11 19087433 2.33071E11 18706179 2.30572E11 13986573 1.54517E11
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1.6401E11 11153829 1.31154E11 10915994 1.29616E11 8543139 9.56541E10
Bachelor's degree or more 5.91116E10 4105239 5.28088E10 4076907 5.26333E10 3799514 4.77396E10
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 8.30491E11 49768629 6.26241E11 48718422 6.18853E11 36540357 4.15509E11
Worked at full-time jobs 1.32529E11 10881878 1.16427E11 10581421 1.14694E11 7977016 8.07016E10
50 to 52 weeks 6.27177E10 5217010 5.91763E10 5063397 5.85249E10 4084344 4.62827E10
Worked at part-time jobs 9.38486E10 7291513 7.66109E10 7107543 7.55237E10 4798090 4.28981E10
Did not work 6.04113E11 31595237 4.33203E11 31029459 4.28635E11 23765251 2.9191E11
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 11 Definition 12 Definition 13 Definition 14
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 7.87184E11 45725537 5.76796E11 44952141 5.71283E11 33832386 3.80884E11
Householder 15 to 64 years 7.37543E11 41910535 5.3928E11 41152432 5.33842E11 30394933 3.48444E11
Householder 65 years and over 4.96415E10 3815002 3.75157E10 3799709 3.7441E10 3437453 3.24399E10
One worker 8.31709E10 7244071 7.72123E10 6970431 7.53938E10 5562855 5.80147E10
Two workers or more 1.29814E10 852910 1.27684E10 830072 1.26059E10 794030 1.15245E10
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 3.56836E11 12332090 1.40722E11 11757072 1.3627E11 6346992 5.35091E10
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 2.26009E11 8644160 1.04983E11 8231331 1.01542E11 4225844 3.73322E10
SSI 1.86055E11 4712127 4.51984E10 4377801 4.27976E10 2420947 1.79507E10
Food stamps 4.76769E11 24189141 3.01816E11 23238660 2.94889E11 12211444 1.12105E11
Housing assistance 2.3424E11 11721189 1.49395E11 11150470 1.45158E11 4341361 3.56214E10
Energy assistance 1.26648E11 6712761 8.012E10 6432313 7.82378E10 3487168 3.15886E10
Free or reduced-price school lunches 4.65934E11 24137551 3.26287E11 23403430 3.20758E11 14669027 1.69559E11
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 2.9617E11 10380962 1.21236E11 9819109 1.16812E11 4665124 3.74071E10
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 11 Definition 12 Definition 13 Definition 14
Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.22256E11 9002820 1.08199E11 8914027 1.07683E11 7582536 8.72732E10
Medicare 1.1897E11 7860332 8.05954E10 7753661 7.99525E10 6278222 5.95284E10
Medicaid 6.11708E11 32303534 3.9867E11 31233661 3.91177E11 20257806 2.10316E11
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 1.73375E11 13043825 1.70919E11 13043825 1.70919E11 12046336 1.51878E11
Health insurance 1.2982E11 9762025 1.27847E11 9762025 1.27847E11 8901912 1.11728E11
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 8.13421E10 4249600 4.39644E10 4142929 4.33215E10 2926922 2.68107E10
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 15 Definition 16 Definition 17 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
All families 36352811 4.02065E11 40491541 4.51708E11 65075723 7.93585E11 55689094
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 24569741 2.74526E11 27549173 3.09639E11 42592429 5.08237E11 35941807
White alone 24054537 2.69764E11 26985526 3.04168E11 41576161 4.96592E11 35085438
White alone, not Hispanic 15313653 1.62902E11 17577572 1.90272E11 26107172 2.94957E11 22641941
Black alone or in combination 9525704 1.00687E11 10276191 1.09258E11 18703465 2.36521E11 16443778
Black alone 9328158 9.89328E10 10067838 1.07466E11 18256910 2.31631E11 16060870
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 1601597 1.85036E10 1970703 2.38212E10 2832290 3.49701E10 2442753
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 1534422 1.78052E10 1899495 2.30821E10 2708179 3.36407E10 2342757
Asian alone or in combination 1507711 1.76449E10 1869617 2.29275E10 2647508 3.28205E10 2288064
Asian alone 1441449 1.69489E10 1800967 2.22011E10 2534090 3.1561E10 2194140
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 105519 963576965 113814 1024680000 212873 2482986960 178675
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 92973 856345140 98528 881035625 171398 2062357978 146274
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 1238367 1.36421E10 1337422 1.50305E10 2154128 2.73159E10 1878082
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 872107 1.04088E10 917899 1.10998E10 1377266 1.87582E10 1214544
Two or more races 563588 5154166337 620782 5891846391 1159898 1.2981E10 987828
Hispanic (of any race) 9585786 1.15361E11 10279542 1.22575E11 16990567 2.20295E11 13736136
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 15668037 1.66045E11 17973451 1.94088E11 26802041 3.02713E11 23243349
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 5642987 5.78172E10 5842920 6.0581E10 9326768 1.0742E11 7980445
25 to 44 years 20007289 2.35251E11 21012024 2.48678E11 37213718 4.82941E11 30647780
45 to 54 years 4679571 4.98504E10 5779168 6.29864E10 9044412 1.04071E11 7889781
55 to 64 years 3349118 3.41204E10 4179532 4.44999E10 5238661 5.70389E10 4999299
65 years and over 2673846 2.50257E10 3677897 3.49622E10 4252164 4.21138E10 4171788
Type of Family
Married-couple families 13299610 1.56161E11 15571164 1.82765E11 23655494 2.91516E11 19325938
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 15 Definition 16 Definition 17 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
With related children under 18 7763353 1.03161E11 8624717 1.13524E11 15860606 2.14371E11 11639844
With related children under 6 4903669 6.65612E10 5365222 7.14997E10 10051753 1.38281E11 7217414
Male householder, no wife present 3526471 3.77666E10 3770101 4.03082E10 5219593 5.80854E10 4582807
Female householder, no husband present 19526730 2.08137E11 21150276 2.28634E11 36200636 4.43983E11 31780350
With related children under 18 17399321 1.88981E11 18449742 2.04307E11 32796853 4.12914E11 28458790
With related children under 6 10652794 1.20139E11 11176942 1.27619E11 19100152 2.53431E11 16713726
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 15 Definition 16 Definition 17 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Region
Northeast 5763819 6.35848E10 6309397 7.01718E10 10725925 1.30666E11 9248330
Midwest 6845933 7.27106E10 7193726 7.61333E10 12597906 1.49077E11 10520143
South 15635749 1.737E11 17575982 1.97649E11 27265617 3.38196E11 23717160
West 8107310 9.20692E10 9412436 1.07754E11 14486275 1.75646E11 12203461
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 12862334 1.42323E11 14006259 1.53233E11 23131254 2.9445E11 19975324
High school graduate, no college 12962713 1.39119E11 14083192 1.54929E11 23470345 2.80265E11 19858704
College: Less than bachelor's degree 7468734 8.22764E10 8594265 9.57735E10 13547339 1.56434E11 11517172
Bachelor's degree or more 3059030 3.83461E10 3807826 4.77721E10 4926786 6.24364E10 4337893
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 33678965 3.77039E11 36813644 4.16745E11 60823559 7.51471E11 51517306
Worked at full-time jobs 7532013 7.54584E10 8064046 8.11699E10 17607864 1.89024E11 11899859
50 to 52 weeks 3955249 4.38985E10 4129189 4.64614E10 9321812 1.00835E11 5830043
Worked at part-time jobs 4313399 3.73086E10 4822872 4.29787E10 9727054 1.05352E11 7586129
Did not work 21833553 2.64272E11 23926726 2.92597E11 33488641 4.57095E11 32031318
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 15 Definition 16 Definition 17 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 30258110 3.35896E11 34004000 3.81312E11 51287404 6.42973E11 46730501
Householder 15 to 64 years 27782677 3.13096E11 30541556 3.48843E11 47315670 6.04426E11 42820079
Householder 65 years and over 2475433 2.27995E10 3462445 3.24698E10 3971733 3.85471E10 3910422
One worker 5320131 5.56988E10 5666395 5.87272E10 12583961 1.34481E11 7992814
Two workers or more 774570 1.04697E10 821145 1.16681E10 1204359 1.61312E10 965778
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 5959252 4.99714E10 6442768 5.37766E10 13658685 1.55807E11 12559875
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 4065623 3.57594E10 4284219 3.74997E10 9636533 1.17655E11 8759031
SSI 2185318 1.61447E10 2483701 1.81396E10 5102099 4.81395E10 4853735
Food stamps 11652740 1.06525E11 12374560 1.12907E11 28712169 3.57505E11 24739928
Housing assistance 4341361 3.56214E10 4393485 3.5746E10 13603392 1.69896E11 11951173
Energy assistance 3306036 3.00473E10 3539517 3.17391E10 7895916 9.35917E10 6861474
Free or reduced-price school lunches 13970883 1.6063E11 14836665 1.70459E11 30235877 3.99417E11 24865397
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 4466129 3.57726E10 4746102 3.76517E10 11436892 1.34364E11 10539556
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 15 Definition 16 Definition 17 Definit
Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg Stderr agg Mean agg
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 6808921 7.66751E10 7614507 8.74067E10 13206499 1.52339E11 10611374
Medicare 5166075 5.00724E10 6379099 5.97356E10 8661649 8.80159E10 8234623
Medicaid 18835918 1.92947E11 20534422 2.11563E11 39055574 4.76837E11 32976514
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 10705607 1.32772E11 12046336 1.51878E11 14856056 1.92335E11 13061155
Health insurance 8072736 9.98239E10 8901912 1.11728E11 11280177 1.45719E11 9773721
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 2420959 2.17107E10 3002146 2.69804E10 4774340 4.90891E10 4486284
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 18
Stderr agg Bcell
All families 6.86115E11 1243
Race and Hispanic Origin of householder
White alone or in combination 4.34171E11 1243
White alone 4.24218E11 1243
White alone, not Hispanic 2.58724E11 1243
Black alone or in combination 2.09877E11 1243
Black alone 2.0553E11 1243
Asian or Native Hawaiian and other Pacific
Islander alone or in combination 3.01039E10 1243
Asian alone or Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone or
Asian and Native Hawaiian 2.89521E10 1243
Asian alone or in combination 2.85418E10 1243
Asian alone 2.74358E10 1243
Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander
alone or in combination 1856975065 1243
Native Hawaiian and other
Pacific Islander alone 1499414104 1243
American Indian and Alaska Native
alone or in combination 2.34835E10 1243
American Indian and
Alaska Native alone 1.62193E10 1243
Two or more races 1.1213E10 1243
Hispanic (of any race) 1.81096E11 1243
White A.O.I.C., not Hispanic 2.6568E11 1243
Age of Householder
15 to 24 years 9.34758E10 1243
25 to 44 years 4.03958E11 1243
45 to 54 years 9.25651E10 1243
55 to 64 years 5.47974E10 1243
65 years and over 4.13192E10 1243
Type of Family
Married-couple families 2.37963E11 1243
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 18
Stderr agg Bcell
With related children under 18 1.61768E11 1243
With related children under 6 1.01536E11 1243
Male householder, no wife present 5.23551E10 1243
Female householder, no husband present 3.95797E11 1243
With related children under 18 3.6543E11 1243
With related children under 6 2.24714E11 1243
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 18
Stderr agg Bcell
Region
Northeast 1.14979E11 1057
Midwest 1.25384E11 1280
South 2.97056E11 1342
West 1.48697E11 1355
Educational Attainment
Less than 12th grade, no diploma 2.5497E11 1243
High school graduate, no college 2.40445E11 1243
College: Less than bachelor's degree 1.34551E11 1243
Bachelor's degree or more 5.61496E10 1243
Work Experience in 2005
Total, 15 to 64 years 6.44796E11 1243
Worked at full-time jobs 1.27302E11 1243
50 to 52 weeks 6.63564E10 1243
Worked at part-time jobs 7.9621E10 1243
Did not work 4.37873E11 1243
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 18
Stderr agg Bcell
Year-Round Full-Time Workers
No workers 5.85949E11 1243
Householder 15 to 64 years 5.47973E11 1243
Householder 65 years and over 3.79754E10 1243
One worker 8.62491E10 1243
Two workers or more 1.39175E10 1243
Program Participation Status of
Family Members
One or more members received:
Cash assistance 1.42362E11 1243
Public assistance or wefare non-SSI 1.06113E11 1243
SSI 4.59655E10 1243
Food stamps 3.07093E11 1243
Housing assistance 1.51094E11 1243
Energy assistance 8.17155E10 1243
Free or reduced-price school lunches 3.3438E11 1243
Family received both food stamps and
cash assistance 1.22509E11 1243
Table 5. Mean Income Deficit of Families in Poverty, by Definition of Income and Selected Characteristics: 2005
Definition 18
Stderr agg Bcell
Health Insurance Coverage
One or more members covered by:
Employer-provided plan 1.25728E11 1243
Medicare 8.33094E10 1243
Medicaid 4.05117E11 1243
No members covered by:
Employer-provided plan or Medicare
or Medicaid 1.71266E11 1243
Health insurance 1.28101E11 1243
Family received:
Medicare and Medicaid 4.58788E10 1243
Race Footnotes