2007 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) The objective of the proposal research is to determine if there are differences in the effect of a trans fatty acid isomers from animal and plant sources on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in humans fed controlled diets. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Individuals will be recruited to consume diets with 3% and 6% of energy from trans-vaccenic acid and mixed trans fatty acids from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. After consumption of these fatty acids as part of a controlled diet fed at weight maintenance, blood lipids, lipoproteins and markers of inflammation associated with risk for cardiovascular disease will be measured. 3.Progress Report This report documents research conducted under a trust agreement between ARS and Dairy Management, Inc. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the in-house associated project 1235-51530-008-00D, "Dietary Modulation of Markers of Inflammation and Oxidation as Risk Factors of Chronic, Degenerative Diseases." This trust agreement was initiated in fiscal year (FY) 06 to conduct a study investigating the effect of different sources of trans-fatty acids on risk for cardiovascular disease. Menus for the intervention have been prepared and test fats are being prepared. Preparation of the test fats has been slowed by changes in the availability of fats due to various regulatory activities regarding trans fatty acids. The dietary intervention is planned to begin in FY 08. Activities and progress of this agreement are monitored through site visits and conference calls.