2007 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) The overall objective of this agreement is to collaborate with the National Institutes of Health to determine the effect of meal frequency on glucoregulatory mechanisms, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) A dietary intervention crossover study will be conducted during which time healthy individuals will be fed a controlled diet at a weight maintenance. These calories will be consumed either at three meals each day or during a four hour period in the evening. At the beginning, midpoint and end of each period, samples will be collected to determine the effect of meal frequency on glucose tolerance, lipid tolerance, and other markers of oxidative stress. 3.Progress Report This report documents research conducted under a reimbursable agreement between ARS and National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the in-house associated project 1235-51530-008-00D, "Dietary Modulation of Markers of Inflammation and Oxidation as Risk Factors of Chronic, Degenerative Diseases." This is a new agreement established to investigate the effect of meal frequency on markers of inflammation, glucoregulatory control, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Although this project is a continuation of a previous project, a new agreement is required each fiscal year since spending authority is restricted to a single fiscal year. One intervention study has been completed as part of this project. Data from this study have been analyzed. One manuscript has been published, a second manuscript has been accepted for publication, and a third manuscript is being reviewed. The activities of this project are monitored through E-mail correspondence and telephone conversations with the collaborator.