2007 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) The objective of this cooperative research project is to conduct an intervention study to determine if the consumption of whey protein, compared to soy protein or an isocaloric control product, in free-living adults, decreases body weight and fat, and if there are concomitant improvements in risk factors of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Briefly, a free-living study will be conducted in which subjects will be provided one of three products to be incorporated into their meals. Subjects will be recruited who are overweight or obese. At the beginning and throughout the 6 month study, body weight and composition will be measured as well as dietary intake and physical activity. Blood and urine samples will be collected and will be used to measure factors, such as hormones, associated with food intake and risk factors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. 3.Progress Report This report documents research conducted under a reimbursable agreement between ARS and Dairy Management, Inc. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the in-house associated project, 1235-51530-008-00D, "Dietary Modulation of Markers of Inflammation and Oxidation as Risk Factors of Chronic, Degenerative Diseases." A dietary intervention study was conducted to determine the effect of whey protein on body weight, body fat, markers of inflammation, and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and obesity. There is a significant benefit of dietary protein supplementation with respect to body weight and fat. Protein intake also improves insulin response. These results suggest that dietary protein is associated with improving body composition and that whey protein may help improve some risk factors for chronic diseases. Four manuscripts describing the findings of this study are being prepared. Activities and progress of this agreement were monitored through site visits and conference calls.