2005 Annual Report 1.What major problem or issue is being resolved and how are you resolving it (summarize project aims and objectives)? How serious is the problem? What does it matter? The need exists for high quality and timely national dietary intake data on the American population. The National Nutrition Monitoring and Related Research Act of 1990 (PL 101-445) requires monitoring the diets of Americans to assess food and nutrient intakes. USDA has been collecting and disseminating food and nutrient intake data of the U.S. population to meet this need since the 1930's. Data from these surveys are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research studies. Uses of the survey data include monitoring the nutritional adequacy of American diets, measuring the impact of food fortification on nutrient intakes, developing nutrition education programs, including the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, released every 5 years by USDA and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), estimating exposure of population groups to food contaminants, evaluating the nutritional impact of USDA food assistance programs, and assessing the demand for agricultural products. With the significant public policy applications of these data, the need for high quality and accurate data that utilizes the latest technology advancements in collection has also increased. Assuring that individuals accurately remember and describe the foods and amounts that they have consumed is a challenge. The accuracy of dietary assessment methods that rely on respondents remembering and describing food they have eaten have been called into question by the scientific community. The Food Surveys Research Group (FSRG) has placed research emphasis in this area in the research and development of the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method (AMPM). The project has four specific goals: . 1)to conduct yearly nationwide dietary data collection in collaboration with DHHS' National Center for Health Statistics and to process, analyze, and disseminate dietary intake data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES);. 2)to maintain, update, and release periodic versions of the USDA Dietary Databases to reflect the food supply of the U.S.;. 3)to enhance use of the USDA dietary data collection system, including the USDA AMPM, USDA Survey Net, the USDA Food Model Booklet, and the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies to increase efficiency and expand usability to the research community and other USDA nutrition programs; and. 4)to conduct methodological research to validate and enhance the USDA AMPM. The research undertaken falls under National Program 107 - Human Nutrition and addresses goal 4.1.3, as described in the National Program Action Plan. Specifically, this is: Determine food consumption patterns of Americans, including those of different ages, ethnicity, regions, and income levels. Provide sound scientific analyses of the U.S. food consumption information to enhance the effectiveness and management of the nation's domestic food and nutrition assistance programs. Ultimately, the American public is the primary benefactor of these research results and products that are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well-being of Americans. Nutrition and health policymakers and researchers will benefit from increased accuracy and timeliness of food consumption data on Americans to meet their policy decision and research needs. Other research organizations, both public and private within the U.S. and beyond its borders, will benefit because FSRG will make the state-of-the-art AMPM and related systems for dietary data collection available through collaborative agreements. Such collaborations will make possible the collection of standardized food intake data across a variety of studies, a capability only available on a limited basis in the past. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. Moreover, this effort will define a more complete and accurate scientific-based methodology for national dietary data collection, resulting in more accurate dietary assessments of the American population. 2.List the milestones (indicators of progress) from your Project Plan. Year 1 (FY 2004) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary data collection. - Produce Dietary Data Guidebook for using national dietary data and USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003 dietary intake data. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2005 data collection. - Implement the Post Interview Processing System in NHANES. - Complete Phase 2 of auto coding. - Complete the Survey Net Windows update. - Develop training materials for dietary collection using AMPM. - Process data from the AMPM Validation Study. Year 2 (FY 2005) - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2004 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Redesign the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. - Update the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for NHANES processing. - Conduct weights and measures study. - Update the AMPM for 2006 data collection. - Design an abbreviated AMPM. - Complete Phase 3 and initiate Phase 4 of auto coding. - Implement Survey Net windows update in NHANES. - Release Food Model Booklet consumer version. - Analyze AMPM Validation Study results and complete 2-3 scientific papers. - Establish a Dietary Intake Research Cohort and plan a dietary methodology research study. Year 3 (FY 2006) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2003-4 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Test and prepare the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey for large-scale collection. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies on the Internet. - Analyze data from weights and measures study and review database accordingly. - Update AMPM for 2007 data collection and program. - Test abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Launch the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 4 (FY 2007) - Review, edit and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2006 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary data collection - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Launch the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey (DHKS) in NHANES and release public-use DHKS questionnaire. - Update USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies for national data processing. - Release food fortification database. - Update AMPM for 2008 data collection. - Distribute abbreviated AMPM. - Continue Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete data collection for the Dietary Intake Research Cohort dietary methodology research study. Year 5 (FY 2008) - Release the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2005-6 dietary intake data on Internet in collaboration with DHHS. - Review, edit, and process What We Eat in America, NHANES 2007 dietary intake data. - Oversee and review What We Eat in America, NHANES 2008 dietary data collection. - Conduct dietary data workshops. - Release the USDA Food and Nutrient Dietary Databases on the Internet. - Update the AMPM for 2009 data collection. - Complete Phase 4 of auto coding. - Complete 1-2 scientific papers from the AMPM Validation Study. - Complete analyses of the Dietary Intake Research Cohort methodology research. 4a.What was the single most significant accomplishment this past year? Americans concerned about nutrition and eating a healthy diet want to have easy and free access to nutritional information about typical foods that they eat every day. To provide that information, What's In The Foods You Eat Search Tool was developed and released on the World Wide Web at the Food Surveys Research Groups Web site at www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg. The search tool uses the data files in the Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS), a technical database for nutrition researchers. What's In The Foods You Eat Search Tool expands usability of the FNDDS beyond nutrition researchers to the general public. The potential impact is helping Americans improve their diets and ultimately their health by providing information on the nutrient values in typically consumed foods so that they can make informed decisions about food choices. 4b.List other significant accomplishments, if any. National food and nutrient intake data for 9,700 Americans were released on the World Wide Web from What We Eat in America, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2002. This release was just prior to the beginning of Fiscal Year 2005 in late September 2004. Data from this survey are widely cited and relied on for human nutrition and food safety policy development, for program evaluation, and for research. As a result of the release, scientists at FSRG have been providing technical consultations on use of the data as well as presenting numerous posters and presentations about the data, all part of providing scientific assistance to the scientific community in use of these data. 4c.List any significant activities that support special target populations. None. 4d.Progress report. None. 5.Describe the major accomplishments over the life of the project, including their predicted or actual impact. The products of this research are used in a wide variety of venues to enhance and improve food available to and the nutritional well-being of Americans. The goal of this research is to provide, in a timely fashion, accurate and comprehensive food consumption data on Americans to policymakers and nutrition researchers that meet their policy and research needs. The new dietary data collection instrument, the USDA Automated Multiple-Pass Method, utilizes state-of-the-art technology to automate the survey instrument to the fullest extent possible. The method will be validated for collecting complete and accurate dietary intakes through the large AMPM Validation Study using the doubly-labeled water technique, the first such study conducted on dietary methodology used in national dietary data collection in the U.S. The new method and its related products are being made available for use by other Federal Government agencies and research institutions through collaborative agreements with the Food Surveys Research Group. Availability will be broadened as research objectives are attained. The integration of USDA's Continuing Survey on What We Eat in America and DHHS' NHANES will be realized, providing for the first time USDA and DHHS nationally collected data on food intakes that will be linked to the data from NHANES on health status, allowing for studies of the relationship between dietary intakes and health status of each survey respondent. The primary product of this research will be invaluable information on what Americans are eating, in order to assess their food consumption in relation to dietary recommendations designed to maintain health and prevent chronic disease. Dissemination of data and information on dietary intakes of Americans will be achieved through a variety of electronic, print, and tutorial mediums, including Web site releases, CD-ROMs, Government reports and publications, scientific research papers, and training guides and workshops. The USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies, essential for coding and analysis of dietary data, will be released on a periodic basis through electronic mediums. A system for automated coding of survey foods most commonly reported will be developed and implemented in national dietary data collection. A consumer version of the USDA Food Model Booklet, developed specifically for and used in national dietary data collection, will be developed for professional and general public use. Application of USDA dietary data collection instruments, programs, and materials for research beyond national nutrition monitoring will be achieved through agreements with other research institutions and organizations. Results from validating the USDA AMPM will be presented in scientific research papers. 6.What science and/or technologies have been transferred and to whom? When is the science and/or technology likely to become available to the end-user (industry, farmer, other scientists)? What are the constraints, if known, to the adoption and durability of the technology products? What's In The Foods You Eat Search Tool was developed and released on the Internet providing Americans, concerned about nutrition and eating a healthy diet, easy and free access to nutritional information about typical foods that they eat every day. At the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center Annual Field Day in June 2005, hundreds of visitors were able to see the Search Tool demonstrated and told how to access it for their own use. Dietary intake data from the What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002 were released on the Internet and technical consultations and assistance has been provided to numerous researchers on use of these data. The USDA AMPM and Food Model Booklet have been shared with other interested research organizations, making it available to the research community. These include collaboration with the Gerontology Research Center, National Institute on Aging, and University of Delaware, where the AMPM and other dietary intake system components are being used in data collection for a study of Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity Across the Life Span (HANDLS). This study is a 20-year longitudinal study on aging to be conducted on 4,000 individuals in Baltimore beginning in November 2004. The USDA AMPM and other components have also been shared with the Food and Nutrition Service where they were used for the dietary data collection in the USDA School Nutrition Dietary Assessment III study. The USDA AMPM and other components have been shared with the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University for use in the Maryland State WIC Study of Infants in which dietary intake data were collected on 1,000 infants participating in the Maryland WIC Program. 7.List your most important publications in the popular press and presentations to organizations and articles written about your work. (NOTE: List your peer reviewed publications below). Bliss, R. July 2005. Free searchable database on food content. Agricultural Resesearch Service Press Release. Available: www.ars.usda.gov/is/pr/2005/050728.htm Moshfegh, A., October 2004. What's important in conducting a dietary interview: Lessons learned from What We Eat in America. Presentation at American Dietetic Association Food & Nutrition Conference & Expo, Anaheim, CA. Cleveland, L., October 2004. Highlights on the dietary status of Americans. Presentation at American Dietetic Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo, Anaheim, CA. Ahuja, J., April 2005. Comparing nutrient intakes between dietary surveys. Presentation at Federation of Societies for Experimental Biology Conference, San Diego, CA. Cleveland, L., May 2005. Whole grain intake: Assessment issues. Presentation at Whole Grains & Health: A Global Summit, Minneapolis, MN. Duke, A., July 2005. What's in the food you eat? Article in Axcess News. Available: www.axcessnews.com/health_072805a.shtml Review Publications U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2005. What's in the foods you eat search tool. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2004. What We Eat in America, NHANES 2001-2002: Documentation and data files. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service. 2005. The USDA multi-year food and nutrient database for dietary studies, 1.0. Available: http://www.ars.usda.gov/ba/bhnrc/fsrg Sebastian, R., Cleveland, L., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2005. Changes over 25 years in the dietary intakes of children 6-19 years [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal 19(4):A87. Anderson, E., Seinfeldt, L. 2004. Blaise instrument design for automated food coding. 9th International Blaise Users Conference Proceedings, p. 129-136. Available: http://www.blaiseusers.org/IBUCPDFS/2004/10.pdf Rhodes, D., Murayi, T., Cleveland, L., Moshegh, A. 2005. The effect of dietary disinhibition on energy intake and eating patterns [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5):A1018. Cleveland, L. 2004. Highlights on the dietary status of Americans: 2001-2002 [abstract]. American Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo Education Session Handouts Book. p. T2-3. Perloff, B., Ahuja, J., Montville, J. Bodner. 2005. National nutrition monitoring expanded to include vitamin K and carotenoids [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4)A87. Ahuja, J., Goldman, J., Perloff, B. 2005. Comparing nutrient intakes between dietary surveys [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(5):A1342. Cleveland, L. 2005. Whole grain intake: Assessment issues [abstract]. Whole Grains & Health: A Global Summit Speaker Summaries. Available: http://filenet.software.umn.edu:8458/wholegrains/globalsummit/conference1.html Cleveland, L., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2005. Contribution of snacks to food and nutrient intakes in the United States [abstract]. The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology Journal. 19(4):A88. Ahuja, J., Goldman, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Current status of vitamin E nutriture. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences. 1031:387-390. Anderson, E., Steinfeldt, L., Ahuja, J. 2004. Food and nutrient changes: Software designed to enhance quality. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 17(3-4):557-564. Ahuja, J., Omolewa-Tomobi, G., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Impact of selected changes in the marketplace on nutrient intakes [abstract]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-49 Montville, J.B., Ahuja, J., Haggerty, E., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Portion size and nutrient analysis - new database debuts on web. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-33 Ingwersen, L., Raper, N., Anand, J., Moshfegh, A. 2004. Validation study shows importance of probing for forgotten foods during a dietary recall [abstract]. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 104(8) Supplement:A-13. Conway, J.M., Rhodes, D.G., Rumpler, W.V. 2004. Commercial portion-controlled foods in research studies: how accurate are label weights? Journal Of The American Dietetic Association. 104:595-603. Moshfegh, A. 2004. What's important in conducting a dietary interview: Lessons learned from What We Eat in America [abstract]. American Dietetic Association Food and Nutrition Conference & Expo Education Session Handouts Book, p. T1.