Spinal Deformities In Captive Sandtiger Sharks (Carcharius taurus)     Ilze Berzins1, Michael Walsh2 and Michael Richards3   1The Florida Aquarium, 2SeaWorld Adventure Park Orlando, and 3Albuquerque Biological Park, Albuquerque, NM     Abnormal spinal deformities have been noted in captive sandtiger shark (Carcharius taurus) populations but until recently, the incidence and etiology of the problem received minimal investigation.  A preliminary survey, conducted in 1998, and subsequent surveys have identified at least 33 cases worldwide.  The clinical presentation includes a marked spinal curvature, usually in the region between the pectoral girdle and cranial dorsal fin.  Gingival hyperplasia, permanent protrusion of the jaw, and curled pectoral fins have also been noted but it is unknown if the conditions are related.  Radiographic studies reveal single or multiple subluxations and compressed vertebral bodies.  Numerous etiologies have been proposed including nutritional imbalances, trauma, exhibit constraints, musculoskeletal disease and atypical biomechanical stresses.  Although studies have been initiated in many of these areas, obtaining detailed information is vital to delineate contributing factors.  Specific sample guidelines have been developed to assist facilities with the collection of needed information.