2007 Annual Report 1a.Objectives (from AD-416) Objective 1: Develop and refine postharvest treatments for quarantine and phytosanitation pests to maintain or increase domestic and foreign markets of deciduous tree fruits. Objective 2: Develop and evaluate multicomponent systems approach where accumulative effects of different processes suitable for commercial operations reduce or eliminate postharvest arthropod pests. 1b.Approach (from AD-416) Objective 1. Basic and applied studies will be conducted to determine the efficacy of postharvest treatments to control various arthropod pests based on temperature and duration. Sources of heat include hot water, forced hot air, and radio frequency exposure. Atmospheric oxygen will be adjusted to increase treatment efficacy. Tests will be conducted on the most susceptible resistant life stage. The test of suitability will be efficacious control with acceptable fruit. Subefficacious levels will be determined for compatibility with combination treatments or the systems approach utilized in commercial operations. Phytotoxic effects will be measured in collaboration with other research facilities. Objective 2. Applied studies in the laboratory and in commercial facilities will be conducted to evaluate the accumulative impact of various operations for reducing postharvest pests. These processes include, but are not limited to field control, evidence of poor host status of the pertinent commodity, commodity sorting and culling, including radiographic detection, pest detection and computerized selection, inspection, baths and packing lines using surfactants and mechanical removal and storage conditions. Subefficacious thermal treatments could also be added during the postharvest process. Emphasis will be on methods that have the least impact on disturbing normal commercial processing, yet maintain desired commodity quality. Formerly 5352-43000-009-00D (3/05). 4.Accomplishments Title: Modeling of CATTS treatment parameters. It is very expensive to develop quarantine treatments due to the fact that many procedures require treatment of both pest and commodity, even in the preliminary stages. Researchers at the Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory, Wapato, WA, have developed an automated water bath system which will allow for the determination of the most tolerant state and most tolerant species to a combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatment (CATTS). Use of this system will allow for the development of CATTS treatments for a number of pest arthropods without the expense of treating both pests and commodities. NP 304 Component IV: Postharvest, Pest Exclusion, & Quarantine Treatment, Problem Statement B: Exclusion of Exotic Insect Pests & Quarantine Treatments 5.Significant Activities that Support Special Target Populations None. 6.Technology Transfer Number of web sites managed 1 Number of non-peer reviewed presentations and proceedings 4 Number of newspaper articles and other presentations for non-science audiences 1 Review Publications Hansen, J.D., Heidt, M.L., Anderson, P.A. 2007. Bin sterilization to prevent reintroduction of codling moth. Journal of Agricultural and Urban Entomology 23(1)17-26. Hansen, J.D., Watkins, M.A., Heidt, M.L., Anderson, P.A. 2007. Cold storage to control codling moth larvae in fresh apples. HortTechnology 17(2)195-198. Hansen, J.D., Drake, S.R., Watkins, M.A., Heidt, M.L., Anderson, P.A., Tang, J. 2006. Radio frequency pulse application for heating uniformity in postharvest codling moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae) control of fresh apples (malus domestica borkh.). Journal of Food Quality 29:492-504. Hansen, J.D., Drake, S.R., Heidt, M.L., Watkins, M.A., Tang, J., Wang, S. 2006. Potential radio frequency-hot water dip treatment for postharvest codling moth control in fresh apples. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 30:631-642. Hansen, J.D., Anderson, P.A. 2006. Mass rearing codling moths: improvements and modifications. Journal of British Columbia Entomological Society 103:33-36. Neven, L.G., Rehfield, L.M., Obenland, D.M. 2006. Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in peaches and nectarines using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments. J. Econ. Entomol. 99(5): 1610-1619. Neven, L.G., Rehfield, L.M. 2006. Confirmation and efficacy tests against codling moth and oriental fruit moth in apples using combination heat and controlled atmosphere treatments. J. Econ. Entomol. 99(5): 1620-1627.