2005 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document research entitled Taxonomic and Progeny Evaluation of Mexico Cottons and Gossypium Species Hybrids that is conducted under a specific cooperative agreement between ARS and El Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones, Forestales, Agricola y Pecuarias (INIFAP), a Mexican government agency. Additional details of the research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5303-21220-003-00D, Integrated Management of Pests Affecting Cotton: Plant Genetics, Biocontrol and Novel Methods of Pest Estimation. Explorations to Mexico, which is one of the primary centers of diversity of cotton, yielded the discovery of a new species of cotton and additional wild germplasm. The cotton germplasm in the collection is unique for its genetics and diverse constitution. The last exploration trip to Mexico in November 2004 re-captured the remnants of an endangered rare species of Gossypium (D8). In addition explorations through this agreement helped to establish with INIFAP the only and the most complete nursery of rare species of Gossypium from the D genome for their preservation and study. Additional results on the entries are still being collected.