Technical Abstract: Recent legislative actions addressing concerns about water and air quality have placed restrictions on open field burning and other grass seed production practices. Because of natural resource quality concerns and economic pressures, there is a need for identify production systems that protect natural resources and provide economic returns to farmers. A 10-year field study was conducted at three locations in western Oregon comparing the effects of direct seeding (DS) with conventional tillage (CT) establishment and maximal (HR) with minimal (LR) residue management on seed yield, straw phytomass production, partial budget costs, and soil erosion of perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping red fescue. Perennial ryegrass and tall fescue seed yields were greater using direct seeding, while creeping red fescue yields were unaffected. HR compared to LR did not affect seed yield. Both DS and HR reduced soil erosion and cost less to do than CT and LR by straw baling and removal. Compared with the industry standard practice of LR management with CT establishment, HR combined with DS reduced soil erosion 76.9, 70.2, and 40.0 % for perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, and creeping red fescue, respectively. The cost savings using the conservation system were 60, 76, and 84%, respectively. Our findings are the first describing the suitability of DS used in combination with HR perennial grass seed cropping systems without burning post-harvest straw in the maritime Pacific Northwest region.