2006 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a reimbursable agreement between ARS and U.S. Forest Service. This work consists of projects subordinate to the parent CRIS 5360-11630-005-00D. We completed year one of a three year study to investigate the potential for increasing diversity of native species in crested wheatgrass monocultures. We tested two methods and intensities of crested wheatgrass control (chemical and mechanical) followed by seeding with a mix of 10 native species. Vegetation and soil data were collected on plots seeded in the fall of 2005. Control treatments were implemented on plots scheduled to be seeded in the fall of 2006. Data collection will continue in the summers of 2007 and 2008. Increasing the diversity of native species could increase options for wildlife and livestock management. This study could potentially provide methods for restoring native diversity in over three million hectares of rangeland dominated by crested wheatgrass and other introduced grasses.