2005 Annual Report 4d.Progress report. This report serves to document research conducted under a Non-Funded Cooperative Agreement between the USDA-ARS-RRRU at Cheyenne, WY, and the Crow Valley Livestock Cooperative, Inc. Additional details of research can be found in the report for the parent CRIS 5409-22630-002-00D Rangeland ecosystems: characterization, management and monitoring. The objective of this cooperative work is to carry out cooperative rangeland research primarily addressing vegetation change induced by management practices and associated livestock responses to these changes on the Pawnee National Grasslands and adjacent rangelands, and facilitates meeting sub-objectives 1.1 and 1.2 of the parent CRIS. In FY 2005, approximately 3,000 animal unit months of grazing livestock were utilized for several research projects on the Central Plains Experimental Range (CPER) of the Pawnee National Grasslands. Livestock weights and experimental data obtained during these research projects was presented at various meetings throughout the year.