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Red Light Camera Systems Operational Guidelines

Federal Highway Administration
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

January 2005

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REFERENCES

  1. Guidance for Using Red Light Cameras, Publication No. FHWA-SA-03-018, Federal Highway Administration, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, March 2003.

  2. Hugh W. McGee and Kimberly A. Eccles, “Impact of Red Light Camera Enforcement on Crash Experience”, NCHRP Synthesis 310, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 2003.

  3. F. M. Council, B. Persaud, K. Eccles, and C. Lyon, “Safety Evaluation of Red Light Cameras” FHWA Publication No., FHWA-HRT-05-048, November 2004.

  4. Federal Highway Administration, “Association of Selected Intersection Factors with Red-light-running Crashes,” ITE Journal, Vol. 70, No. 7, July 2000, pp. 37-42.

  5. R. A. Retting, A.F. Williams, D.F. Preusser and H.B. Weinstein, “Classifying Urban Crashes for Countermeasure Development,” Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1995, pp. 283-294.

  6. J. M. Golob, S. Cho, J.P. Curry and T.F. Golob, Impacts of the San Diego Photo Red-light Enforcement System on Traffic Safety, Transportation Research Board Pre-print CD-ROM, Washington, DC, January 2003.

  7. Making Intersections Safer: A Toolbox of Engineering Countermeasures to Reduce Red Light Running, Federal Highway Administration and Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC, 2003.

  8. As cited by Insurance Institute of Highway Safety at http://www.iihs.org/safety_facts/qanda/rlc.htm.

  9. Determining Vehicle Signal Change and Clearance Intervals, An Informational Report of the Institute of Transportation Engineers, Prepared by ITE Technical Council Task Force 4TF-1ITE, Washington, DC, August 1994.

  10. B.E. Porter and K. J. England, “Predicting Red-Light Running Behavior: A Traffic Safety Study in Three Urban Settings,” Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 31, No. 1, pp 1-8, 2000.

  11. R.A. Retting and M.A. Greene, “Influence of Traffic Signal Timing on Red Light Running and Potential Vehicle Conflicts at Urban Intersections,” Transportation Research Record 1595, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, 1997, pp. 1-7.

  12. F.R. Hulscher, “The Problem of Stopping Drivers after the Termination of the Green Signal at Traffic Lights,” Traffic Engineering and Control, Vol. 25, No. 3, March 1984, pp. 110-116.

  13. Traffic Control Systems Handbook, Publication No. FHWA-SA-95-032, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 1995.

  14. James H. Kell and Iris J. Fullerton Eds., Manual of Traffic Signal Design, 2nd Ed., Institute of Transportation Engineers/Prentice Hall, Washington, DC, 1998.

  15. L. Evans and R.W. Rothery, “Influence of Vehicle Size and Performance on Intersection Saturation Flow,” Proceedings of the Eighth International Symposium on Transportation and Traffic Theory, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Ontario, 1983.

  16. Intersection Safety Issue Briefs, Federal Highway Administration and Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC, April 2004. http://www.ite.org/library/IntersectionSafety/BreifingSheets.pdf

  17. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways, 2003 Edition, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 2003.

  18. H. Douglas Robertson, Ed., Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC, 2000.

  19. H. S. Stein, “Traffic Signal Change Intervals: Policies, Practices and Safety,” Transportation Quarterly, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1986, pp.433-445.

  20. T.M. Tarawneh, V.A. Singh, and P.T. McCoy, “Investigation of Effectiveness of Media Advertising and Police Enforcement in Reducing Red Light Violations,” Transportation Research Record 1693, Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, DC, 1999, pp. 37-45.

  21. B.B. Farraher, R. Weinholzer, and M. P. Kowski, The Effect of Advanced Warning Flashers on Red Light Running: A Study Using Motion Imaging Recording System Technology at Trunk Highway 169 and Pioneer Trail in Bloomington, Minnesota. In 69th ITE Annual Meeting, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC, 1999.

  22. A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, DC, 2001.

  23. The Traffic Safety Toolbox: A Primer on Traffic Safety, Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC, 1999.

  24. James L. Pline, Ed., Traffic Engineering Handbook, 5th Ed., Institute of Transportation Engineers, Washington, DC, 1999.

  25. Toolbox on Intersection Safety and Design, Institute of Transportation Engineers and Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, September 2004.

  26. National Committee of Uniform Traffic Laws and Ordinances, Automated Traffic Law Enforcement Model Law. www.ncutlo.org/autoenforce622.htm.

  27. John F. McFadden and Hugh W. McGee, Synthesis and Evaluation of Red Light Running Automated Enforcement Programs in the United States, Publication No. FHWA-A-IF-00-004, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC, 1999.

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