¹ For further description and discussion of online resources, online courses, virtual schools, virtual classrooms, and virtual schooling, see Cathy Cavanaugh and Robert L. Blomeyer, eds., What Works in K-12 Online Learning (Eugene, OR: International Society for Technology in Education, -December 2007).

² John Watson and Jennifier Ryan, Keeping Pace with K-12 Online Learning: A Review of State-Level Policy and Practice (November 2007). Available online from the North American Council for Online Learning (NACOL) at http://www.nacol.org (last accessed June 27, 2008).

³ Liz Pape, Mickey Revenaugh, John Watson, and Matthew Wicks, "Measuring Outcomes in K-12 -Online Education Programs: The Need for CommonMetrics." Distance Learning 3, no. 3 (2006): 58.

⁴ Ibid, p. 58.

⁵ Cathy Cavanaugh, Kathy Jo Gillan, Jeff Kromrey, Melinda Hess, and Robert L. Blomeyer, The Effects of Distance Education on K-12 Student Outcomes: A Meta-analysis (Naperville, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 2004), p. 25. Available at http://www.ncrel.org/tech/distance/k12distance.pdf (last accessed June 30, 2008).

⁶ Available online at http://www.wisconsin eschool.net (last accessed Feb. 15, 2008).

⁷ Laura M. O'Dwyer, Rebecca Carey, and Glenn Kleiman, "A Study of the 39, no. 3 (2007): 289-306. Effectiveness of the Louisiana Algebra I Online Course," Journal of Research on Technology in Education

⁸ Laura M. O'Dwyer, Rebecca Carey, and Glenn Kleiman, "The Louisiana Algebra I Online Initiative as a Model for Teacher Professional Development: Examining Teacher Experiences," Journal of Asynchronous Technologies 11, no. 3 (September 2007).

⁹ Debra Friedman, Evaluation of the First Phase of the Washington Digital Learning Commons: Critical Reflections on the First Year (Seattle, WA: Digital Learning Commons, 2004). Available at http://www.learningcommons.org/about/files/YearOneEvaluation.pdf (last accessed Apr. 14, 2008).

¹⁰ Tom Clark and Elizabeth Oyer, Ensuring Learner Success in CPS/VHS Courses: 2004-05 Report and Recommendations (Chicago: TA Consulting & Evaluation Solutions, 2006).

¹¹ For more information on FERPA, see http://www.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/fpco/ferpa/index.html.

¹² Michael Long and Helene Jennings, Maryland Public Television's Pathways to Freedom Electronic Field Trip: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study of Effectiveness (Calverton, MD: Macro International, 2005).

¹³ Laura M. O'Dwyer, Rebecca Carey, and Glenn Kleiman, "A Study of the Effectiveness of the Louisiana Algebra I Online Course," Journal of Research on Technology in Education 39, no. 3 (2007): 289-306.

¹⁴ Rosina Smith, Tom Clark, and Robert L. Blomeyer, A Synthesis of New Research on K-12 Online Learning (Naperville, IL: Learning Point Associates, November 2005). Available at http://www.ncrel.org/tech/-synthesis/synthesis.pdf (last accessed Mar. 5, 2008).

¹⁵ Cathy Cavanaugh, Kathy Jo Gillan, Jeff Kromrey, Melinda Hess, and Robert L. Blomeyer, The Effects of Distance Education on K-12 Student Outcomes: A Meta-analysis (Naperville, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory, 2004). Available at http://www.ncrel.org/tech/distance/k12distance.pdf (last accessed June 27, 2008).

¹⁶ Gerald Stahler, "Improving the Quality of Evaluations of Federal Human Services Demonstration Programs," Evaluation and Program Planning 18 (1995): 129-141.

¹⁷ Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is intended to provide financial assistance to local education agencies and schools with high numbers or percentages of economically dis-advantaged children to help ensure all children meet state academic standards.

¹⁸ Nikola Filby, "Approach to Methodological Rigor in the Innovation Guides," working paper, WestEd, San Francisco, 2006.

¹⁹ What Works Clearinghouse, "Evidence Standards for Reviewing Studies" (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, 2006), p. 1. Available at http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/pdf/study_standards_final.pdf (last accessed Mar. 24, 2008).