The Center for Climate Change and Environmental Forecasting
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Table 1: General Timeline for Significant Rulemaking

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STEP YEAR ACTIVITY RESPONSIBLE PARTIES
1 0 Identify need Industry (petition)
Government (identified problem)
Congressional directive
Government / Industry (new technology)
2 1-3 Review available consensus standards Government (DOT)
3 1-5 Research phase (usually 3-5 years required to collect, evaluate, and validate data for a major rulemaking) Government (DOT) and industry
4 4 Advanced Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (ANPRM) Government (DOT)
5 4 Comment period Industry / Public
6 4 Receive and analyze ANPRM comments Government (DOT)
7 5 Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM), Preliminary Regulatory Evaluation (PRE), & Office of Management & Budget (OMB) review Government (DOT, OMB)
8 5 Comment period Industry / Public
9 6 Receive and analyze NPRM comments Government (DOT)
10 7 Draft Final Rule and Final Regulatory Evaluation (FRE) Government (all)
11 8 OMB review Government (OMB)
12 8-9 Reject/ accept/ modify; publish Final Rule Government (DOT)
13 10+ Second Notice of Proposed Rulemaking if substantially different from proposed (repeat steps 7 - 12) Government (DOT)