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Chemical Sampling Information |
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| Estradiol |
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General Description
Synonyms: ß-Estradiol; beta-Estradiol; beta-Oestradiol; Dihydrofolliculin; Dihydoxyestrin; 1,3,5-Estratriene-3,17 beta-diol; 1,3,5(10)-Triene-3,17-ß-Diol
OSHA IMIS Code Number: E319
Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry Number: 50-28-2
NIOSH, Registry of Toxic Effects (RTECS) Identification Number: KG297500
Chemical Description and Physical Properties: white powder
molecular formula: C18H24O2
molecular weight: 272.4
melting point: 178-179°C
Potentially hazardous incompatibilities: stong oxidizing agents
Health Factors
National Toxicology Program (NTP) carcinogenic classification: Known to be a Human Carcinogen (estrogens, steroidal)
Potential symptoms: IN MEN: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, edema; feminization (gynecomastia, galactorrhea, erectile dysfunction, hypogonadism, oligospermia); IN WOMEN: Menstrual disorders (menorrhagia, metrorrhagia); headache, nausea; endometriosis pain; mastodynia; fluid retention; possible decrease in milk production by lactating mothers.
Health Effects: Known human carcinogen (endometrial cancer) (HE2); Gallstones (HE3); Impairment of fertility (HE5).
Affected organs: Male and female reproductive systems
Notes:
- Estradiol is an OSHA Select carcinogen and is listed as a hazardous drug in the OSHA Technical Manual, as well as in a NIOSH Alert on hazardous drugs.
- 17ß-Estradiol has high affinities for both the α and ß estrogen receptors, with dissociation constants in the subnanomolar range.
- Mean serum estradiol levels in samples from postmenopausal women of unknown ovarian status were reported to be about one-third the levels of estradiol found in samples from elderly men. Estradiol levels are relatively stable in men aged 40-80.
Date Last Revised: 04/07/2006
Literature Basis:
- No Author: Estrogens, Steroidal. Report on Carcinogens, Eleventh Edition; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, 2005.
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: NIOSH Alert: Preventing Occupational Exposure to Antineoplastic and Other Hazardous Drugs in Health Care Settings. NIOSH Publication No. 2004-165.
- OSHA Technical Manual – Section VI: Chapter 2, Appendix VI: 2-1: Some Common Drugs That Are Considered Hazardous.
- Bélanger, A., et al.: Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79(4): 1086-1090, 1994.
- de Ronde, W., Hofman, A., Pols, H.A.P. and de Jong, F.H.: A direct approach to the estimation of the origin of oestrogens and androgens in elderly men by comparison with hormone levels in postmenopausal women. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 152(2): 261-268, 2005.
- Gruber, C.J., Tschugguel, W. Schneeberger, C. and Huber J.C.: Production and actions of estrogens. N. Engl. J. Med. 346(5): 340-352, 2002.
- Kuiper, G.G.J.M., et al.: Comparison of the ligand binding specificity and transcript tissue distribution of estrogen receptors a and ß. Endocrinology 138(3): 863-870, 1997.
- Muller, M., den Tonkelaar, I., Thijssen, J.H., Grobbee, D.E. and van der Schouw, Y.T.: Endogenous sex hormones in men aged 40-80 years. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 149(6): 583-589, 2003.
- Pohanish, R.P. (editor): Estradiol 17ß. In, Sittig’s Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens, Fourth Ed., Vol. 1. Norwich, NY: Noyes Publications, William Andrew Publishing, 2002, pp. 1023-1025.
- Storgaard, L., Bonde, J.P. and Olsen, J.: Male reproductive disorders in humans and prenatal indicators of estrogen exposure. A review of the published epidemiological studies. Reprod. Toxicol. 21(1): 4-15, 2006.
- Uhler, M.L., Marks, J.W., Voigt, B.J. and Judd, H.L.: Comparison of the impact of transdermal versus oral estrogens on biliary markers of gallstone formation in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83(2): 410-414, 1998.
Monitoring Methods used by OSHA
Laboratory Sampling/Analytical Method:
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sampling media: Glass Fiber Filter (37 mm) in 3-piece cassette
analytical solvent: Methanol
maximum volume: 240 Liters maximum flow rate: 1.0 L/min maximum time: 240 Minutes
current analytical method: High Performance Liquid Chromatography; HPLC/UV at 280nm
method reference: OSHA Analytical Method (OSHA PV2001)
method classification: Partially Validated
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