The unit of heat used in science is the calorie (cal.), also called gram-calorie or small calorie. It is defined as the amount of heat energy needed to raise one gram of water 1 degree centigrade.
In nutrition, the unit of food energy is the Calorie (Cal.), also called kilogram-calorie, or great calorie. It is defined as the amount of heat needed to raise one Kilogram of water 1 degree centigrade. It is equal to 1000 calories.
The small c, capital C difference is important. Only the nutritional calorie uses capital C.
Engineers use a different heat energy standard called the British Thermal Unit (BTU). It is defined as the amount of energy required to raise one pound of water 1 degree fahrenheit. One BTU = 252 calories.
PROCEDURE: For each food item listed in TABLE 2: