FERTILIZER

Fertilizers are plant food supplements which commonly contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The numbers on the fertilizer bag (e.g. 10-8-6) refer to the percentages by weight of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, respectively. In general, liquid and granular fertilizers used for house plants and in the garden have a low degree of toxicity unless ingested in large quantities. Single ingredient fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate or lime are more likely to be toxic or corrosive.

Environmentally, overuse of fertilizers has resulted in contamination of surface water and groundwater. Excess nitrogen in drinking water (above 10 parts per million nitrate-nitrogen) can lead to methemoglobinemia (oxygen starvation or blue baby syndrome), especially in children under the age of one, elderly persons, and sensitive farm animals such as hogs. Excess phosphorus in the water will result in algae blooms, increased biological oxygen demand, and fish kills.

Use: Carefully read the label before purchase and use. Follow all label directions, applying only the recommended amount. Twice as much fertilizer does not work twice as well and only increases the chance of runoff into surrounding water supplies. Wear gloves when handling fertilizer.

Storage: Store in a tightly sealed plastic bag away from children and pets. Clearly label the bag with the contents and store away from moisture.

Disposal: The best way to eliminate fertilizer waste is to use it up as intended. If you no longer want your fertilizer, check with a relative, neighbor, or friend. Fertilizers are usually in demand in the spring and summer months. If you are unable to find a way to use up your excess fertilizer and it does not contain pesticides, it may be placed in the trash destined for the landfill. If it contains pesticides, follow the procedures under Pesticides.

Alternatives: Animal manure, green manure, and compost are time-honored alternatives to synthetic plant fertilizers.

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