DYES

There are many types of dyes and which one you use depends primarily on the type of fabric that is to be dyed. Some of these dye types are known to be toxic or corrosive, some cause allergies (sensitizing), and some have long-term (chronic) health effects such as cancer. The chronic effects of most synthetic and natural dyes have not been fully researched. Many of the chemicals used in dyeing fabrics are hazardous to your health through skin contact and inhalation.

Many dyes require additional chemicals (mordants) to bind the dye into the cloth fibers. Mordants are used with both natural and synthetic dyes and can cause serious health effects. Some mordants are ammonia (a skin irritant), oxalic acid (a corrosive), and potassium dichromate (toxic when inhaled).

Two common types of dyes used in the home are natural and direct dyes. Natural dyes (also known as mordant dyes) require the use of a mordant and are prepared from plants, insects, and algae. These dyes are used to color cotton and silk. Since most natural dyes are prepared by soaking the natural product, there is no hazard due to inhalation. However, since the mordant may be hazardous, be sure to protect yourself from skin absorption.

All commonly available household dyes are direct dyes. These dyes are used for coloring cotton, linen, or viscose rayon. Table salt is used as a dyeing assistant and the dyes require heat in order to set. Many direct dyes are based on benzidine or benzidine derivatives, which are highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion, and possibly through skin absorption. Benzidine and its derivatives are known carcinogens.

To find out more about dyes, request the data sheet "Dyes Hazards and Precautions" published by the Center for Occupational Hazards. To obtain a copy, send a self-addressed, stamped envelope with your request to: 5 Beekman Street, New York, New York 10038.

Use: If you use fabric dyes, please follow these general rules for safe use.

Storage: Store materials in break-resistant containers. Label all containers clearly and cover them tightly. Store out of reach of children and pets.

Disposal: Use up unmixed dyes as directed or share dyes with others who will us ethem. Contact your local waste water treatment facility concerning the disposal of mixed and unmixed dyes.

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