Technical Abstract: Body size is a fundamental trait of an organism, affecting most aspects of its performance, including reproduction. Numerous biotic and environmental factors can influence individual body size and reproduction in grasshoppers. Using data from four experiments, I examined intraspecific relationships between reproductive traits and either grasshopper body size or weight in Melanoplinae grasshoppers. Significant positive correlations between body size and reproductive traits occurred in three of four experiments for both Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) and Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas). In addition, individual femur length variation was significant as a covariate in explaining additional variation beyond the effects of the manipulative treatments in at least one reproductive trait in three experiments. As correlations between reproductive traits and body size were not evident in one experiment, an unresolved question is if relationships between body size and reproductive traits change with food availability. Food limitation would likely have a larger proportional effect on lifetime reproduction than body size, but additional research is needed to determine the relative roles biotic factors and individual body size play in determining reproductive allocation in grasshoppers.