USGS
Hawaiian Volcano 
Observatory


REFERENCES CITED

Apple, R.A., 1954, A history of the land acquisition for Hawaii National Park to December 31, 1950: Honolulu, University of Hawaii, M.A. thesis, 158 p.
---------1973, Mountain trails: The Ainapo and Manna Loa: Honolulu, National Park Service, 26 p.
---------1978, Physical history outline, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Honolulu, National Park Service, holograph, Hilo, Apple collection, Mo'okini Library, University of Hawaii.
---------1982, The discoverers of Hawaii: Honolulu Star-Bulletin, October 8, p. A-14.
---------1985, Outline of Hawaiian Volcano Observatory publication history with sample bulletin back pages: holograph, Hilo, Apple collection, Mo'okini Library, University of Hawaii.
Apple, R.A., and Apple, Peg, 1979a, Land, Lili'uokalani and annexation: Honolulu, Topgallant Press, 146 p.
---------1979b, Mapping Mauna Loa's summit, watching 1926 eruption: Tales of Old Hawaii columns, Honolulu Star-Bulletin, July 13, August 24.
Bird, Isabella, 1966, Six months in the Sandwich Islands: Honohihi, University of Hawaii Press, 278 p.
Bolt, B.A., Horn, W.L, Macdonald, G.A., and Scott, R.E, 1975, Geologic hazards: New York, Springer-Verlag, 330 p.
Bosch, J.A., 1910, Katalog Nr. 22, Seismische Apparate-lnstrumente: Strassburg, Werkstätte für Präzisions-Mechanik, 16 p.
Brigham, W.T., 1868, Notes on the volcanoes of the Hawaiian Islands: Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, v. 2, pt. 3, 126 p.
---------1869, Notes on the eruption of the Hawaiian volcanoes, 1868: Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History, supplement to v. 1, pt. 4, p. 23.
---------1909, The volcanoes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa: Honolulu, B.P. Bishop Museum Memoir, v. 2, no. 4, 222 p.
Bullard, EM., 1975, Thomas Augustus Jaggar, Jr., ms prepared for supplement five (1951 - 1955) of Dictionary of American Biography: Hilo, Apple collection, Mo'okini Library, University of Hawaii.
Byron, G.A., 1826, Voyage of HMS Blonde, Graham, M., compiler: London, John Murray, 271 p.
Coan, Lydia, 1884, Titus Coan, a memorial: Chicago, Revell, 220 p.
Coan, Titus, 1871, An island of fire: Scribner's Monthly, v. 2, no. 6, p. 56-57.
---------1882, Life in Hawaii, an autobiographical sketch of mission life and labors: New York, Artson D.E. Randolph, 402 p.
Curtis, G.C., 1913, Work going on at Kilauea volcano: Science, v. 38, no. 976, p. 355-358.
Daly, R.A., 1911, The nature of volcanic action: Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, v. 47, p. 47-122.
Dana, J.D., 1849, Geology, in Wilkes, Charles, U.S. Exploring Expedition during the years 1838-1842, v. 10: Philadelphia, C. Sherman.
---------1850, On the volcanic eruption of Hawaii: American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 2, v. 10, no. 29, p. 235-244.
---------1852, Note on the eruption of Manna Loa: American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 2, v. 14, no. 14, p. 79-80.
---------1890, Characteristics of volcanoes, with contributions of facts and principles from the Hawaiian Islands: New York, Dodd, Mead, 399 p.
Daws, Gavan, 1968, Shoal of time, a history of the Hawaiian Islands: New York, Macmillan, 494 p.
Day, A.G., 1984, History makers of Hawaii, a biographical dictionary: Honolulu, Mutual, 174 p.
Douglas, David, 1834, Extract of a letter to Captain Sabine: Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, v. 4, p. 333-344. ---------1919, Botantist at Hawaii (Wilson, W.E, ed.): Honolulu, W.E Wilson, 212 p.
Duncan, George, 1961, Account of an automobile trip in 1909 around the Island of Hawaii, in Apple, R.A., 1965, Trails: From steppingstones to kerbstones, Hawaiian archeology: Honolulu, B.P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 53, 63 p.
Dutton, C.E., 1884, Hawaiian volcanoes: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report, 4, p. 75-219.
Ellis, William, 1827, Narrative of a tour through Hawaii (2nd ed.), London, H. Fisher, Son, and P. Jackson, 480 p.
Finch, R.H., 1926, The April 10, 1926 outbreak of Mauna Loa: Volcano Letter, no. 68.
Green, W.L., 1887, Vestiges of the molten globe, part 2, the Earth's special features and volcanic phenomena: Honolulu, Hawaiian Gazette, 337 p.
Hitchcock, C.H., 1911, Hawaii and its volcanoes, 2nd ed. with supplement: Honolulu, Hawaiian Gazette, 314 p.
Jaggar, T.A., 1910, Lecture by Thomas A. Jaggar, Jr., to the Society of Arts: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Society of Arts Bulletin, February, p. I-6.
---------1917a, Report of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Hawaii Volcano Research Association (dated January-March 1912 on cover): Cambridge, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Society of Arts, 74 p.
---------1917b, Annual address of the director, the results of six years of work, August 23: Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Bulletin, v. 5, no. 8, p. 81-88.
---------1917c, (Summary for the week ending January 13, 1917): Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Bulletin, v. 5, no. 1, p. 4-7.
---------1922a, Preparations for boring experiments: Monthly Bulletin of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, v. 10, no. 4, p. 32-33.
---------1922b, Progress of boring experiments: Monthly Bulletin of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, v. 10, no. 6, p. 63-68.
---------1926a, Progress 1926 Mauna Loa eruption: Volcano Letter, no. 69, 1926b, Decline of Manna Loa eruption: Volcano Letter, no. 70.
---------1927, A wheeled boat for volcano exploration: Volcano Letter, no. 156. 1929, Earthquake intensity scales: Volcano Letter, no. 223.
---------1931, Improved Jaggar shock-recorder: Volcano Letter, no. 352, p. 2.
---------1932, Progress of Hawaiian volcano research: Volcano Letter, no. 383, p. I-4.
---------1933, Tsunami or earthquake tidal wave March 2, 1933: Volcano Letter, no. 397, p. 1-2.
---------1936, The influence of volcanic research in Hawaii: Volcano Letter, no. 434, p. 4-5.
---------1937, Protection of Hilo from coming lava flows: Volcano Letter, no. 443, p. 1-8.
---------1938, Dr. Jaggar outlines needs for volcano research here (headline): Honolulu Advertiser, March 30, p. 1.
---------1941, Kilauea volcano observing (carbon copy of typescript paper inserted in cornerstone, Kilauea Volcano House, July 20): Hilo, Apple collection, Mo'okini Library, University of Hawaii.
---------1945, Protection of harbors from lava flows: Amer!can Journal of Science, v. 243-A, p. 333-351.
---------1956, My experiments with volcanoes: Honolulu, Hawaii Volcano Research Association.
Jaggar, T.A., and Finch, R.H., 1929, Tilt records for thirteen years at the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 19, no. 1, p. 38-51.
Jaggar, T.A., and Romberg, Arnold, 1918, An experiment in teleseismic registration: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 8, no. 2-3, p. 88-89.
Jones, A.E., 1932, A chart of Kilauea seismicity: Volcano Letter, no. 371, p. 1-3.
---------1935, Hawaiian travel times: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 25, no. 1, p. 33-61.
Kelley, E.G., 1841, Remarks on the geological features of the island of Owyhee or Hawaii: American Journal of Science and Arts, no. 40, p. 7-122.
Kuykendall, R.S., 1967, The Hawaiian kingdom, v. 3, 1874-1893: Honolulu, University of Hawaii Press, 764 p.
Lockwood, J.P., and Torgerson, E A., 1980, Diversion of lava flows by aerial bombing--lessons from Mauna Loa volcano, Hawaii: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, p. 727-741.
Löwenstern, M.J., 1842, On pyramid at Remedios, with a route from Mexico to Mazatlan, and ascent of Mauna Loa: Journal of the Royal Geographical Society, v. 10, p. 100-107.
Lyman, C.S., 1851, On the recent condition of Kilauea: American Journal of Science and Arts, ser. 2, v. 12, p. 75-80.
Macdonald, G.A., 1953, Thomas Augustus Jaggar: Volcano Letter, no. 519, p. 1-4.
---------1972, Volcanoes: Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 510 p.
Macdonald, G.A., and Hubbard, D.H., 1982, Volcanoes of the national parks in Hawaii (8th ed.): Honolulu, Hawaii Natural History Association, 64 p.
Menzies, Archibald, 1920, Hawaii nei 128 years ago, Wilson, W.F., ed.: Honolulu, W. E Wilson, 199 p.
Omori, E, 1910, letter, Seismological Institute, Imperial University, Tokyo, Japan, to Professor T.A. Jaggar, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, July 12, with sketches: original in files of Hawaii Volcano Observatory.
Perret, F.A., 1913a, The lava fountains of Kilauea: American Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 35, no. 206, p. 139-148.
---------1913b, Subsidence phenomena at Kilauea in the summer of 1911: American Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 35, no. 209, p. 469-476.
---------1913c, Some Kilauea ejectamenta: American Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 35, no. 210, p. 611-618.
---------1913d, Volcanic research at Kilauea in the summer of 1911: American Journal of Science, ser. 4, v. 36, no. 215, p. 475-488.
Powers, Sidney, 1915, Hawaii's great volcanoes and the study of them: Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, v. 47, p. 577-583.
Romberg, Arnold, 1919, Theory of a non-tilt seismograph: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 9, no. 4, p. 135-139.
Shepherd, John, 1840, Ascent of the volcano Kilauea on Hawaii in November 1839: Athenaeum, no. 681.
Strzelecki, Paul de, 1838, as quoted in Hawaiian Spectator, April 1838, p. 98-101.
U.S. Department of Interior, 1973, National Park Service, National Register of Historic Places, nomination forms, Whitney Seismograph Vault, May 30, Mauna Loa Trail, August 9.
Weiner, F.B., 1982, German sugar's sticky fingers: Hawaiian Journal of History, v. 16, p. 15-47.
Wentworth, C.A., and Powers, H.A., 1962, The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Fiftieth Anniversary, unpublished ms: Hilo, Apple collection, Mo'okini Library, University of Hawaii.
Wilkes, Charles, 1845, Narrative of the U.S. Explonng Expedition during the years 1838-1842, v. 4: Philadelphia, Lea and Blanchard, 539 p.
Wilson, R.M., 1928, The Ohiki: Monthly Bulletin of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, v. 16, no. 4, p. 29-30.
Wood, H.O., 1913, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 3, no. 1, p. 14-19.


Slightly modified from paper published on pages 1619-1644 of :

Decker, R.W., Wright, T.L., and Stauffer, P.H., (eds.), 1987, Volcanism in Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1350, 1667 p.

ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
JAGGER AND THURSTON: BACKGROUND
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

BEGINNINGS OF THE OBSERVATORY

PIONEERING, 1912-1953

BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES
TECHNOLOGY STATION (1911-1918)
INSTRUMENT HOUSES
WHITNEY LABORATORY OF SEISMOLOGY (1912-PRESENT)
OTHER FACILITIES
BUILDING 41 (1940-PRESENT)
BUILDING 131 AT UWEKAHUNA (1927-PRESENT)
NEW BUILDING AT UWEKAHUNA (1985-PRESENT)

PUBLICATIONS AND DOCUMENTS

VOLCANO EXPERIMENTS

MAUNA LOA
ACCESS ROUTES AND FACILITIES
THE 1926 ERUPTION
CONTROLLING LAVA FLOWS

THE OHIKI AND OTHER EXPERIMENTS

SEISMOLOGY
INSTRUMENTS
TRAVEL TIMES OF EARTHQUAKE WAVES
SCALES OF EARTHQUAKE INTENSITY
TSUNAMIS

TILT

SCIENCE AND THE PUBLIC

HomeVolcano WatchProductsPhoto GalleryPress Releases
How Hawaiian Volcanoes Work