|
|
| Census of Housing |
|
In 1990, only 1 percent of our homes lacked complete plumbing facilities. But, things were much different in 1940, when nearly half lacked complete plumbing. Then, about ten States had rates approaching or exceeding 70 percent. In succeeding decades, the proportion of homes lacking complete plumbing dropped dramatically, falling to about one-third in 1950 and one- sixth in 1960. It is interesting to note the States with the lowest percent- age of such homes in 1940 were higher than Alaska, which topped the 1990 list.
Complete plumbing facilities are defined as hot and cold piped water, a bath- tub or shower, and a flush toilet. In earlier censuses, these facilities must have been for exclusive use of a housing unit's inhabitants; this requirement was dropped in 1990.
PLUMBING FACILITIES
1 9 9 0 1 9 8 0
Complete Lacking complete Complete Lacking complete
plumbing plumbing plumbing plumbing
facilities Per- facilities Per-
Number cent Number cent
US 101,161,982 1,101,696 1.1% 84,359,133 2,333,690 2.7%
AL 1,642,879 27,500 1.6% 1,375,018 74,993 5.2%
AK 203,584 29,024 12.5% 135,398 18,773 12.2%
AZ 1,627,959 31,471 1.9% 1,039,057 27,380 2.6%
AR 982,261 18,406 1.8% 841,975 46,765 5.3%
CA 11,113,501 69,381 0.6% 9,095,286 125,135 1.4%
CO 1,465,571 11,778 0.8% 1,147,652 21,029 1.8%
CT 1,315,105 5,745 0.4% 1,127,996 16,057 1.4%
DE 288,197 1,722 0.6% 225,402 4,705 2.0%
DC 276,239 2,250 0.8% 270,163 6,629 2.4%
FL 6,072,305 27,957 0.5% 4,217,726 52,665 1.2%
GA 2,609,956 28,462 1.1% 1,937,022 75,618 3.8%
HI 385,498 4,312 1.1% 324,511 7,702 2.3%
ID 407,309 6,018 1.5% 352,461 7,295 2.0%
IL 4,476,959 29,316 0.7% 4,216,890 85,973 2.0%
IN 2,229,811 16,235 0.7% 2,020,417 42,700 2.1%
IA 1,133,898 9,771 0.9% 1,094,789 26,410 2.4%
KS 1,036,261 7,851 0.8% 930,982 19,169 2.0%
KY 1,462,623 44,222 2.9% 1,252,777 102,231 7.5%
LA 1,694,335 21,906 1.3% 1,488,152 47,169 3.1%
ME 566,269 20,776 3.5% 402,583 24,794 5.8%
MD 1,879,232 12,685 0.7% 1,515,988 33,231 2.1%
MA 2,460,345 12,366 0.5% 2,103,509 36,632 1.7%
MI 3,815,434 32,492 0.8% 3,385,095 63,240 1.8%
MN 1,824,081 24,364 1.3% 1,486,413 42,950 2.8%
MS 988,572 21,851 2.2% 838,834 65,244 7.2%
MO 2,172,297 26,832 1.2% 1,902,964 58,199 3.0%
MT 354,144 7,011 1.9% 304,218 10,797 3.4%
NE 655,379 5,242 0.8% 606,962 11,737 1.9%
NV 516,156 2,702 0.5% 332,814 4,677 1.4%
NH 497,996 5,908 1.2% 339,098 10,117 2.9%
NJ 3,059,718 15,592 0.5% 2,642,381 45,373 1.7%
NM 612,087 19,971 3.2% 469,430 23,862 4.8%
NY 7,159,544 67,347 0.9% 6,507,921 191,163 2.9%
NC 2,775,231 42,962 1.5% 2,107,079 115,928 5.2%
ND 270,763 5,577 2.0% 241,950 10,668 4.2%
OH 4,339,037 32,908 0.8% 3,994,575 82,701 2.0%
OK 1,392,742 13,757 1.0% 1,203,675 25,004 2.0%
OR 1,183,174 10,393 0.9% 1,051,581 19,713 1.8%
PA 4,891,083 47,057 1.0% 4,396,803 112,529 2.5%
RI 412,319 2,253 0.5% 355,765 6,868 1.9%
SC 1,403,978 20,177 1.4% 1,064,227 57,221 5.1%
SD 286,513 5,923 2.0% 257,887 11,607 4.3%
TN 1,993,707 32,360 1.6% 1,657,075 79,772 4.6%
TX 6,923,924 85,075 1.2% 5,338,780 141,636 2.6%
UT 592,522 5,866 1.0% 475,359 5,385 1.1%
VT 265,092 6,122 2.3% 189,429 6,515 3.3%
VA 2,450,215 46,119 1.8% 1,897,362 101,331 5.1%
WA 2,013,760 18,618 0.9% 1,623,003 27,408 1.7%
WV 756,226 25,069 3.2% 685,896 50,456 6.9%
WI 2,025,997 29,777 1.4% 1,708,608 44,361 2.5%
WY 200,194 3,217 1.6% 178,195 4,173 2.3%
1 9 7 0 1 9 6 0
Complete Lacking complete Complete Lacking complete
plumbing plumbing plumbing plumbing
facilities Per- facilities Per-
Number cent Number cent
US 62,984,221 4,672,345 6.9% 48,537,001 9,777,783 16.8%
AL 926,277 188,363 16.9% 595,120 372,378 38.5%
AK 73,181 15,162 17.2% 47,433 19,724 29.4%
AZ 548,294 30,196 5.2% 359,962 55,798 13.4%
AR 549,101 123,694 18.4% 333,240 253,276 43.2%
CA 6,833,068 143,676 2.1% 5,184,180 280,706 5.1%
CO 704,929 36,721 5.0% 510,377 84,031 14.1%
CT 942,226 25,842 2.7% 758,360 60,068 7.3%
DE 165,887 8,856 5.1% 125,883 17,816 12.4%
DC 271,943 6,431 2.3% 242,369 20,270 7.7%
FL 2,361,445 127,523 5.1% 1,510,304 266,641 15.0%
GA 1,272,520 193,748 13.2% 776,131 393,740 33.7%
HI 203,856 12,041 5.6% 137,574 27,816 16.8%
ID 225,504 12,619 5.3% 190,766 32,767 14.7%
IL 3,515,960 176,955 4.8% 2,834,658 440,324 13.4%
IN 1,601,187 110,681 6.5% 1,242,682 260,349 17.3%
IA 882,981 71,820 7.5% 725,612 179,659 19.8%
KS 743,567 43,855 5.6% 622,742 117,502 15.9%
KY 839,718 220,646 20.8% 557,996 367,387 39.7%
LA 1,013,690 132,191 11.5% 689,590 288,771 29.5%
ME 284,992 52,015 15.4% 253,434 111,169 30.5%
MD 1,179,739 54,770 4.4% 835,720 98,531 10.5%
MA 1,770,477 65,721 3.6% 1,529,037 161,823 9.6%
MI 2,718,000 123,827 4.4% 2,248,976 299,397 11.7%
MN 1,119,240 99,460 8.2% 870,316 246,459 22.1%
MS 527,732 169,362 24.3% 328,103 300,842 47.8%
MO 1,502,256 161,867 9.7% 1,105,195 386,078 25.9%
MT 218,558 21,746 9.0% 185,801 47,484 20.4%
NE 480,586 31,305 6.1% 390,252 82,663 17.5%
NV 166,150 5,485 3.2% 91,615 9,931 9.8%
NH 229,605 17,403 7.0% 186,897 37,523 16.7%
NJ 2,244,692 57,917 2.5% 1,868,909 129,547 6.5%
NM 287,672 34,226 10.6% 224,342 57,550 20.4%
NY 5,957,098 195,165 3.2% 5,240,221 453,460 8.0%
NC 1,365,784 252,319 15.6% 852,121 470,718 35.6%
ND 172,699 27,635 13.8% 130,272 64,325 33.1%
OH 3,269,060 178,108 5.2% 2,650,545 390,407 12.8%
OK 871,214 66,426 7.1% 645,707 169,902 20.8%
OR 708,818 26,425 3.6% 561,370 61,356 9.9%
PA 3,677,606 198,605 5.1% 3,176,707 404,339 11.3%
RI 296,855 9,646 3.1% 247,741 38,971 13.6%
SC 655,455 149,300 18.6% 417,049 261,306 38.5%
SD 191,661 30,059 13.6% 150,911 65,538 30.3%
TN 1,104,463 192,543 14.8% 706,248 378,074 34.9%
TX 3,517,023 291,383 7.7% 2,526,847 626,106 19.9%
UT 303,257 8,557 2.7% 246,495 16,087 6.1%
VT 136,647 12,454 8.4% 110,817 25,490 18.7%
VA 1,284,834 199,317 13.4% 848,051 320,590 27.4%
WA 1,162,677 41,510 3.4% 910,991 98,493 9.8%
WV 483,693 108,678 18.3% 388,678 185,676 32.3%
WI 1,312,733 101,372 7.2% 1,067,474 221,025 17.2%
WY 107,611 6,719 5.9% 95,180 17,900 15.8%
1 9 5 0 1 9 4 0
Complete Lacking complete Complete Lacking complete
plumbing plumbing plumbing plumbing
facilities Per- facilities Per-
Number cent Number cent
US 28,729,475 15,772,717 35.5% 19,174,344 15,852,098 45.3%
AL 264,008 555,372 67.8% 131,528 535,675 80.3%
AK 15,446 13,964 47.5%
AZ 151,695 81,000 34.8% 64,207 73,737 53.5%
AR 164,801 393,785 70.5% 81,587 413,303 83.5%
CA 3,085,547 411,679 11.8% 1,825,597 362,287 16.6%
CO 262,934 159,353 37.7% 153,340 177,887 53.7%
CT 492,128 99,118 16.8% 369,232 85,249 18.8%
DE 66,169 27,725 29.5% 42,742 28,906 40.3%
DC 198,114 25,561 11.4% 142,177 30,603 17.7%
FL 561,104 359,313 39.0% 299,622 257,204 46.2%
GA 341,395 592,348 63.4% 177,891 572,796 76.3%
HI 72,649 46,057 38.8%
ID 115,690 67,015 36.7% 55,691 89,247 61.6%
IL 1,765,179 817,891 31.7% 1,363,094 773,784 36.2%
IN 682,880 511,481 42.8% 430,738 513,919 54.4%
IA 410,441 378,454 48.0% 288,220 400,941 58.2%
KS 355,632 249,394 41.2% 207,146 311,875 60.1%
KY 288,872 507,332 63.7% 180,231 507,855 73.8%
LA 314,223 440,075 58.3% 193,999 397,737 67.2%
ME 156,985 136,749 46.6% 111,473 136,125 55.0%
MD 483,103 183,322 27.5% 276,122 180,632 39.5%
MA 1,097,910 259,634 19.1% 941,107 196,623 17.3%
MI 1,368,663 531,778 28.0% 897,763 539,795 37.5%
MN 477,485 415,888 46.6% 334,036 399,337 54.5%
MS 153,723 436,580 74.0% 73,780 452,457 86.0%
MO 600,289 617,887 50.7% 465,510 617,752 57.0%
MT 108,687 79,120 42.1% 62,906 107,367 63.1%
NE 230,297 171,658 42.7% 157,579 214,513 57.7%
NV 41,071 12,433 23.2% 19,199 14,930 43.7%
NH 119,314 61,948 34.2% 91,215 58,893 39.2%
NJ 1,240,418 217,450 14.9% 920,693 210,218 18.6%
NM 99,308 89,687 47.5% 37,301 99,538 72.7%
NY 3,822,868 620,749 14.0% 3,020,833 655,146 17.8%
NC 361,161 666,059 64.8% 183,644 590,976 76.3%
ND 58,152 112,487 65.9% 30,314 124,647 80.4%
OH 1,660,123 673,766 28.9% 1,153,011 709,351 38.1%
OK 365,849 324,931 47.0% 199,870 409,846 67.2%
OR 387,040 121,796 23.9% 214,160 135,575 38.8%
PA 2,153,876 794,533 26.9% 1,531,167 908,201 37.2%
RI 150,541 88,621 37.1% 149,455 46,766 23.8%
SC 188,609 351,205 65.1% 92,195 343,012 78.8%
SD 73,189 116,074 61.3% 43,362 127,642 74.6%
TN 328,599 565,689 63.3% 171,910 533,810 75.6%
TX 1,265,429 1,053,982 45.4% 647,231 1,060,814 62.1%
UT 159,248 35,845 18.4% 84,665 54,807 39.3%
VT 78,520 38,833 33.1% 59,934 42,282 41.4%
VA 439,612 432,033 49.6% 219,632 405,785 64.9%
WA 633,178 149,042 19.1% 359,737 198,333 35.5%
WV 243,295 284,365 53.9% 148,316 282,844 65.6%
WI 607,031 417,746 40.8% 439,018 417,575 48.7%
WY 55,090 33,931 38.1% 30,164 43,501 59.1%
Alaska and Hawaii are not included in the 1950 totals.
Universe: all housing units reporting plumbing facilities in 1940 and 1950.
all housing units in 1960 and 1990.
year-round housing units in 1970 and 1980.
In 1990, units having complete plumbing but not for exclusive use of their
inhabitants, were counted as having complete plumbing. In previous
censuses, such units were tabulated as "lacking complete plumbing".
