Census of Housing |
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The level of crowded households shows a mixed picture over time. Occupied housing units with more than one person per room are considered crowded. The rate of crowding declined from 1940 (20 percent) to 1980 (4.5 percent); it rose slightly in 1990 (4.9 percent), and rose again in 2000 (5.7 percent) (see graph).
The rate of severely crowded homes followed a similar trend as crowded homes. Severely crowded homes (those with more than 1.5 persons per room) ranged from a high of 9.0 percent in 1940 to a low of 1.4 percent in 1980. In 2000, 2.7 percent of occupied housing units (2.9 million) were considered severely crowded.
Examples of states with high levels of crowding in 2000 were California and Hawaii, both with a crowding rate of about 15 percent. Severely crowded homes represented 9.1 percent and 7.7 percent, respectively. Maine, Vermont, and West Virginia were examples of states with low levels of crowding, all with only about 1 percent crowding in 2000.
Crowded homes in 1940 were largely concentrated in southern states; this has changed over time. For example, Alabama had a crowding rate of 41 percent in 1940 (twice the national rate), compared with a rate of 13 percent in California, which was below the national rate. The two states had switched places by 1990, and it remained that way in 2000. For Alabama, the crowding rate had dropped to only 2.9 percent in 2000 (below the national rate), whereas for California it was 15 percent (two and a half times the national rate).
2 0 0 0 All occupied Crowded Severely crowded housing units (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) Number Percent Number Percent United States 105,480,101 6,057,890 5.7% 2,873,122 2.7% Alabama 1,737,080 51,004 2.9% 15,904 0.9% Alaska 221,600 18,970 8.6% 8,910 4.0% Arizona 1,901,327 163,463 8.6% 80,337 4.2% Arkansas 1,042,696 38,081 3.7% 11,928 1.1% California 11,502,870 1,748,352 15.2% 1,048,042 9.1% Colorado 1,658,238 75,587 4.6% 35,278 2.1% Connecticut 1,301,670 35,859 2.8% 12,637 1.0% Delaware 298,736 8,271 2.8% 2,856 1.0% District of Columbia 248,338 21,987 8.9% 13,247 5.3% Florida 6,337,929 410,347 6.5% 195,053 3.1% Georgia 3,006,369 145,235 4.8% 56,761 1.9% Hawaii 403,240 62,268 15.4% 31,163 7.7% Idaho 469,645 22,790 4.9% 8,178 1.7% Illinois 4,591,779 222,355 4.8% 94,347 2.1% Indiana 2,336,306 53,891 2.3% 16,213 0.7% Iowa 1,149,276 22,498 2.0% 7,632 0.7% Kansas 1,037,891 31,611 3.0% 11,350 1.1% Kentucky 1,590,647 32,669 2.1% 8,269 0.5% Louisiana 1,656,053 86,426 5.2% 29,144 1.8% Maine 518,200 6,640 1.3% 1,537 0.3% Maryland 1,980,859 71,194 3.6% 30,200 1.5% Massachusetts 2,443,580 69,632 2.8% 25,711 1.1% Michigan 3,785,661 113,944 3.0% 38,880 1.0% Minnesota 1,895,127 55,026 2.9% 24,065 1.3% Mississippi 1,046,434 51,617 4.9% 16,198 1.5% Missouri 2,194,594 53,263 2.4% 15,092 0.7% Montana 358,667 11,242 3.1% 3,676 1.0% Nebraska 666,184 17,963 2.7% 7,498 1.1% Nevada 751,165 64,287 8.6% 32,235 4.3% New Hampshire 474,606 7,615 1.6% 1,993 0.4% New Jersey 3,064,645 153,183 5.0% 64,773 2.1% New Mexico 677,971 50,538 7.5% 22,023 3.2% New York 7,056,860 548,577 7.8% 266,844 3.8% North Carolina 3,132,013 106,759 3.4% 37,276 1.2% North Dakota 257,152 5,216 2.0% 1,537 0.6% Ohio 4,445,773 73,499 1.7% 18,994 0.4% Oklahoma 1,342,293 49,426 3.7% 16,742 1.2% Oregon 1,333,723 64,609 4.8% 28,459 2.1% Pennsylvania 4,777,003 91,145 1.9% 30,518 0.6% Rhode Island 408,424 11,656 2.9% 3,844 0.9% South Carolina 1,533,854 49,338 3.2% 14,830 1.0% South Dakota 290,245 8,825 3.0% 3,195 1.1% Tennessee 2,232,905 61,044 2.7% 18,830 0.8% Texas 7,393,354 697,513 9.4% 335,719 4.5% Utah 701,281 42,098 6.0% 15,912 2.3% Vermont 240,634 3,460 1.4% 873 0.4% Virginia 2,699,173 86,456 3.2% 34,137 1.3% Washington 2,271,398 115,429 5.1% 53,682 2.4% West Virginia 736,481 9,743 1.3% 1,926 0.3% Wisconsin 2,084,544 50,073 2.4% 17,020 0.8% Wyoming 193,608 5,216 2.7% 1,654 0.9% 1 9 9 0 Occupied Crowded units Severely crowded housing units (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) Number Per- Number Per- cent cent US 91,947,410 4,548,799 4.9% 1,911,867 2.1% AL 1,506,790 52,927 3.5% 13,786 0.9% AK 188,915 16,201 8.6% 7,284 3.9% AZ 1,368,843 101,636 7.4% 46,721 3.4% AR 891,179 33,197 3.7% 7,977 0.9% CA 10,381,206 1,275,377 12.3% 737,247 7.1% CO 1,282,489 38,139 3.0% 13,500 1.1% CT 1,230,479 28,237 2.3% 7,796 0.6% DE 247,497 5,624 2.3% 1,556 0.6% DC 249,634 20,587 8.2% 11,060 4.4% FL 5,134,869 297,557 5.8% 135,722 2.6% GA 2,366,615 95,828 4.0% 28,771 1.2% HI 356,267 56,708 15.9% 27,810 7.8% ID 360,723 15,199 4.2% 4,468 1.2% IL 4,202,240 166,805 4.0% 57,081 1.4% IN 2,065,355 45,376 2.2% 9,277 0.4% IA 1,064,325 16,009 1.5% 3,797 0.4% KS 944,726 23,690 2.5% 6,958 0.7% KY 1,379,782 35,873 2.6% 7,150 0.5% LA 1,499,269 89,268 6.0% 27,024 1.8% ME 465,312 7,998 1.7% 1,671 0.4% MD 1,748,991 53,139 3.0% 18,920 1.1% MA 2,247,110 56,700 2.5% 17,970 0.8% MI 3,419,331 90,551 2.6% 23,813 0.7% MN 1,647,853 34,126 2.1% 11,048 0.7% MS 911,374 52,890 5.8% 16,116 1.8% MO 1,961,206 48,264 2.5% 11,158 0.6% MT 306,163 8,886 2.9% 2,462 0.8% NE 602,363 10,512 1.7% 2,762 0.5% NV 466,297 29,890 6.4% 13,353 2.9% NH 411,186 6,610 1.6% 1,213 0.3% NJ 2,794,711 108,771 3.9% 37,250 1.3% NM 542,709 42,810 7.9% 17,644 3.3% NY 6,639,322 431,733 6.5% 183,651 2.8% NC 2,517,026 72,635 2.9% 16,549 0.7% ND 240,878 4,762 2.0% 1,119 0.5% OH 4,087,546 71,771 1.8% 13,647 0.3% OK 1,206,135 39,941 3.3% 10,432 0.9% OR 1,103,313 40,135 3.6% 15,086 1.4% PA 4,495,966 82,518 1.8% 21,800 0.5% RI 377,977 8,676 2.3% 2,323 0.6% SC 1,258,044 51,061 4.1% 13,500 1.1% SD 259,034 7,660 3.0% 2,466 1.0% TN 1,853,725 50,767 2.7% 12,134 0.7% TX 6,070,937 494,578 8.1% 216,949 3.6% UT 537,273 29,577 5.5% 7,728 1.4% VT 210,650 3,595 1.7% 764 0.4% VA 2,291,830 65,042 2.8% 20,875 0.9% WA 1,872,431 72,798 3.9% 29,409 1.6% WV 688,557 13,123 1.9% 2,115 0.3% WI 1,822,118 38,340 2.1% 9,745 0.5% WY 168,839 4,702 2.8% 1,210 0.7% 1 9 8 0 Occupied Crowded units Severely crowded housing units (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) Number Per- Number Per- cent cent US 80,389,673 3,648,445 4.5% 1,134,619 1.4% AL 1,341,856 72,668 5.4% 19,709 1.5% AK 131,463 13,225 10.1% 6,625 5.0% AZ 957,032 69,307 7.2% 30,526 3.2% AR 816,065 42,650 5.2% 10,607 1.3% CA 8,629,866 638,333 7.4% 302,704 3.5% CO 1,061,249 30,216 2.8% 8,893 0.8% CT 1,093,678 28,595 2.6% 5,318 0.5% DE 207,081 5,351 2.6% 1,161 0.6% DC 253,143 20,518 8.1% 9,279 3.7% FL 3,744,254 199,529 5.3% 82,330 2.2% GA 1,871,652 99,423 5.3% 27,114 1.4% HI 294,052 44,905 15.3% 20,706 7.0% ID 324,107 14,462 4.5% 3,673 1.1% IL 4,045,374 169,056 4.2% 42,745 1.1% IN 1,927,050 60,009 3.1% 10,582 0.5% IA 1,053,033 21,590 2.1% 3,810 0.4% KS 872,239 20,679 2.4% 4,495 0.5% KY 1,263,355 58,788 4.7% 12,375 1.0% LA 1,411,788 99,965 7.1% 27,544 2.0% ME 395,184 12,137 3.1% 2,354 0.6% MD 1,460,865 44,824 3.1% 10,987 0.8% MA 2,032,717 53,192 2.6% 10,049 0.5% MI 3,195,213 99,929 3.1% 18,631 0.6% MN 1,445,222 32,832 2.3% 6,910 0.5% MS 827,169 66,385 8.0% 21,643 2.6% MO 1,793,399 60,097 3.4% 12,790 0.7% MT 283,742 10,784 3.8% 2,954 1.0% NE 571,400 12,052 2.1% 2,273 0.4% NV 304,327 14,255 4.7% 5,440 1.8% NH 323,493 7,826 2.4% 1,416 0.4% NJ 2,548,594 89,564 3.5% 20,709 0.8% NM 441,466 38,031 8.6% 15,153 3.4% NY 6,340,429 311,848 4.9% 90,086 1.4% NC 2,043,291 91,854 4.5% 19,163 0.9% ND 227,664 6,178 2.7% 1,175 0.5% OH 3,833,828 95,646 2.5% 15,153 0.4% OK 1,118,561 41,073 3.7% 9,182 0.8% OR 991,593 28,967 2.9% 9,030 0.9% PA 4,219,606 101,290 2.4% 18,965 0.4% RI 338,590 8,600 2.5% 1,340 0.4% SC 1,029,981 61,508 6.0% 14,956 1.5% SD 242,523 8,739 3.6% 2,482 1.0% TN 1,618,505 70,744 4.4% 16,205 1.0% TX 4,929,267 356,539 7.2% 124,859 2.5% UT 448,603 25,824 5.8% 5,001 1.1% VT 178,325 4,534 2.5% 873 0.5% VA 1,863,073 64,081 3.4% 15,422 0.8% WA 1,540,510 44,380 2.9% 15,293 1.0% WV 686,311 28,232 4.1% 5,469 0.8% WI 1,652,261 40,270 2.4% 6,706 0.4% WY 165,624 6,961 4.2% 1,754 1.1% 1 9 7 0 Occupied Crowded units Severely crowded housing units (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) Number Per- Number Per- cent cent US 63,449,747 5,210,874 8.2% 1,408,416 2.2% AL 1,034,113 114,680 11.1% 40,922 4.0% AK 79,059 15,490 19.6% 7,715 9.8% AZ 539,157 68,220 12.7% 28,318 5.3% AR 615,424 65,747 10.7% 22,173 3.6% CA 6,573,861 521,952 7.9% 156,429 2.4% CO 690,928 47,971 6.9% 12,100 1.8% CT 933,269 58,048 6.2% 10,343 1.1% DE 164,804 9,277 5.6% 1,875 1.1% DC 262,538 32,160 12.2% 12,501 4.8% FL 2,284,786 204,871 9.0% 78,462 3.4% GA 1,369,225 148,737 10.9% 50,621 3.7% HI 203,088 40,462 19.9% 15,804 7.8% ID 218,960 20,249 9.2% 4,912 2.2% IL 3,502,138 273,536 7.8% 59,468 1.7% IN 1,609,494 129,318 8.0% 26,471 1.6% IA 896,311 52,582 5.9% 8,721 1.0% KS 727,364 43,153 5.9% 8,209 1.1% KY 983,665 104,292 10.6% 30,659 3.1% LA 1,052,038 152,440 14.5% 53,560 5.1% ME 302,923 22,833 7.5% 5,011 1.7% MD 1,175,073 77,384 6.6% 15,462 1.3% MA 1,759,692 104,706 6.0% 17,322 1.0% MI 2,653,059 202,116 7.6% 36,440 1.4% MN 1,153,946 84,979 7.4% 15,349 1.3% MS 636,724 96,344 15.1% 42,647 6.7% MO 1,520,567 124,181 8.2% 31,364 2.1% MT 217,304 20,777 9.6% 5,327 2.5% NE 473,721 29,307 6.2% 5,320 1.1% NV 160,052 14,131 8.8% 3,929 2.5% NH 225,378 14,826 6.6% 2,732 1.2% NJ 2,218,182 136,436 6.2% 27,345 1.2% NM 289,389 45,171 15.6% 19,384 6.7% NY 5,913,861 447,602 7.6% 108,615 1.8% NC 1,509,564 153,718 10.2% 44,483 2.9% ND 181,613 16,549 9.1% 3,864 2.1% OH 3,289,432 215,805 6.6% 38,065 1.2% OK 850,803 61,924 7.3% 15,302 1.8% OR 691,631 38,629 5.6% 8,666 1.3% PA 3,705,410 203,203 5.5% 35,277 1.0% RI 291,965 17,604 6.0% 2,670 0.9% SC 734,373 90,623 12.3% 31,208 4.2% SD 200,807 18,042 9.0% 5,082 2.5% TN 1,213,187 117,441 9.7% 36,825 3.0% TX 3,433,996 387,530 11.3% 137,527 4.0% UT 297,934 31,601 10.6% 6,766 2.3% VT 132,098 8,647 6.5% 1,677 1.3% VA 1,390,636 110,869 8.0% 30,172 2.2% WA 1,105,587 60,290 5.5% 13,539 1.2% WV 547,214 49,829 9.1% 13,321 2.4% WI 1,328,804 95,423 7.2% 16,284 1.2% WY 104,600 9,169 8.8% 2,178 2.1% 1 9 6 0 Occupied Crowded units Severely crowded housing units (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) Number Per- Number Per- cent cent US 53,023,875 6,113,473 11.5% 1,902,923 3.6% AL 884,116 171,113 19.4% 77,551 8.8% AK 57,250 16,090 28.1% 8,053 14.1% AZ 366,630 69,884 19.1% 32,616 8.9% AR 523,552 93,077 17.8% 40,346 7.7% CA 4,982,108 475,287 9.5% 121,173 2.4% CO 529,419 61,283 11.6% 17,824 3.4% CT 752,736 56,004 7.4% 9,003 1.2% DE 128,582 10,122 7.9% 2,524 2.0% DC 252,066 30,725 12.2% 11,018 4.4% FL 1,550,414 191,526 12.4% 71,956 4.6% GA 1,070,325 197,130 18.4% 85,402 8.0% HI 153,064 39,331 25.7% 13,088 8.6% ID 193,839 29,997 15.5% 8,225 4.2% IL 3,084,971 309,350 10.0% 82,830 2.7% IN 1,387,878 158,017 11.4% 40,204 2.9% IA 841,357 67,286 8.0% 13,826 1.6% KS 672,899 63,523 9.4% 14,509 2.2% KY 851,867 145,771 17.1% 55,004 6.5% LA 892,344 188,035 21.1% 80,423 9.0% ME 280,355 28,958 10.3% 7,452 2.7% MD 863,001 83,471 9.7% 20,059 2.3% MA 1,534,985 103,072 6.7% 15,473 1.0% MI 2,239,079 220,263 9.8% 44,108 2.0% MN 991,981 102,733 10.4% 21,534 2.2% MS 568,070 133,428 23.5% 68,975 12.1% MO 1,360,054 161,096 11.8% 52,878 3.9% MT 202,240 30,043 14.9% 8,891 4.4% NE 433,448 39,936 9.2% 8,439 1.9% NV 91,520 12,619 13.8% 4,268 4.7% NH 180,020 13,286 7.4% 2,395 1.3% NJ 1,806,439 131,194 7.3% 26,485 1.5% NM 251,209 59,299 23.6% 28,103 11.2% NY 5,248,710 488,423 9.3% 131,418 2.5% NC 1,204,715 207,234 17.2% 76,186 6.3% ND 173,362 26,666 15.4% 7,550 4.4% OH 2,852,557 270,759 9.5% 63,993 2.2% OK 734,593 87,365 11.9% 28,533 3.9% OR 558,214 48,317 8.7% 11,237 2.0% PA 3,350,839 242,146 7.2% 46,928 1.4% RI 257,335 17,740 6.9% 2,596 1.0% SC 603,551 125,317 20.8% 53,482 8.9% SD 194,821 25,399 13.0% 7,541 3.9% TN 1,003,301 162,692 16.2% 64,492 6.4% TX 2,778,116 451,873 16.3% 186,688 6.7% UT 241,532 40,246 16.7% 9,221 3.8% VT 110,732 8,696 7.9% 1,910 1.7% VA 1,072,840 147,590 13.8% 49,772 4.6% WA 894,168 74,025 8.3% 15,832 1.8% WV 521,142 78,878 15.1% 27,628 5.3% WI 1,146,342 101,676 8.9% 18,602 1.6% WY 99,187 15,482 15.6% 4,679 4.7% 1 9 5 0 Occupied units Crowded units Severely crowded reporting per- (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) sons per room Number Per- Number Per- cent cent US 42,154,443 6,628,292 15.7% 2,607,717 6.2% AL 774,350 236,381 30.5% 118,871 15.4% AK 28,214 9,585 34.0% 6,442 22.8% AZ 205,895 56,794 27.6% 32,381 15.7% AR 513,675 136,897 26.7% 66,529 13.0% CA 3,286,242 403,360 12.3% 153,081 4.7% CO 384,684 69,216 18.0% 30,737 8.0% CT 561,985 54,437 9.7% 12,047 2.1% DE 89,089 8,573 9.6% 2,668 3.0% DC 220,074 31,035 14.1% 11,709 5.3% FL 805,885 144,887 18.0% 65,343 8.1% GA 873,424 237,277 27.2% 114,220 13.1% HI 111,394 34,364 30.8% 13,174 11.8% ID 165,994 36,933 22.2% 15,104 9.1% IL 2,541,472 324,876 12.8% 121,187 4.8% IN 1,152,649 159,069 13.8% 56,569 4.9% IA 767,732 79,371 10.3% 26,223 3.4% KS 576,512 67,118 11.6% 23,517 4.1% KY 766,080 192,270 25.1% 90,032 11.8% LA 712,475 186,975 26.2% 88,428 12.4% ME 250,993 30,351 12.1% 10,166 4.1% MD 632,109 77,580 12.3% 23,399 3.7% MA 1,289,544 126,495 9.8% 25,099 1.9% MI 1,763,830 192,930 10.9% 56,925 3.2% MN 831,232 108,690 13.1% 35,807 4.3% MS 543,568 174,704 32.1% 89,856 16.5% MO 1,173,885 197,396 16.8% 84,447 7.2% MT 172,170 32,736 19.0% 14,126 8.2% NE 384,930 48,549 12.6% 17,157 4.5% NV 48,941 7,999 16.3% 3,309 6.8% NH 153,208 13,564 8.9% 3,620 2.4% NJ 1,359,323 138,323 10.2% 34,131 2.5% NM 171,959 58,453 34.0% 34,393 20.0% NY 4,257,492 526,049 12.4% 141,043 3.3% NC 976,516 245,304 25.1% 107,420 11.0% ND 158,803 32,587 20.5% 13,473 8.5% OH 2,284,265 248,404 10.9% 80,507 3.5% OK 649,755 130,199 20.0% 60,046 9.2% OR 471,471 59,823 12.7% 23,241 4.9% PA 2,879,311 306,791 10.7% 82,493 2.9% RI 223,538 21,756 9.7% 4,798 2.1% SC 505,616 146,231 28.9% 69,491 13.7% SD 179,850 27,607 15.4% 11,144 6.2% TN 857,614 217,252 25.3% 102,776 12.0% TX 2,148,625 499,564 23.3% 252,014 11.7% UT 184,586 43,271 23.4% 12,563 6.8% VT 102,089 9,183 9.0% 2,606 2.6% VA 830,216 158,788 19.1% 65,691 7.9% WA 722,533 81,826 11.3% 27,691 3.8% WV 510,467 115,401 22.6% 49,706 9.7% WI 955,062 106,662 11.2% 31,867 3.3% WY 82,725 18,355 22.2% 8,066 9.8% Curiously, the States do NOT quite add to the U.S. total in 1950. The reason for this is unclear. Alaska and Hawaii are NOT included in the 1950 U.S. totals. 1 9 4 0 Occupied units Crowded units Severely crowded reporting per- (1.01 or more) (1.51 or more) sons per room Number Per- Number Per- cent cent US 34,447,032 6,964,894 20.2% 3,085,922 9.0% AL 664,342 271,795 40.9% 151,995 22.9% AK N.A. N.A. AZ 129,315 50,775 39.3% 35,154 27.2% AR 489,654 185,066 37.8% 101,391 20.7% CA 2,112,988 276,057 13.1% 118,009 5.6% CO 311,232 71,533 23.0% 37,024 11.9% CT 442,790 57,092 12.9% 14,795 3.3% DE 69,801 7,828 11.2% 2,386 3.4% DC 170,860 34,318 20.1% 14,579 8.5% FL 512,628 125,719 24.5% 63,890 12.5% GA 741,877 271,138 36.5% 143,466 19.3% HI N.A. N.A. ID 139,296 42,622 30.6% 22,787 16.4% IL 2,172,101 330,425 15.2% 120,011 5.5% IN 950,905 139,123 14.6% 53,083 5.6% IA 693,860 81,364 11.7% 30,456 4.4% KS 505,187 75,885 15.0% 29,779 5.9% KY 690,299 232,135 33.6% 125,579 18.2% LA 586,762 208,067 35.5% 110,154 18.8% ME 215,788 30,576 14.2% 11,037 5.1% MD 459,377 65,420 14.2% 20,891 4.5% MA 1,105,354 129,275 11.7% 29,787 2.7% MI 1,383,109 179,193 13.0% 56,676 4.1% MN 720,426 121,902 16.9% 48,333 6.7% MS 525,315 211,323 40.2% 113,745 21.7% MO 1,056,293 232,034 22.0% 111,419 10.5% MT 157,317 40,314 25.6% 20,974 13.3% NE 357,331 53,731 15.0% 21,519 6.0% NV 32,532 7,399 22.7% 3,983 12.2% NH 131,287 14,437 11.0% 4,297 3.3% NJ 1,086,639 131,670 12.1% 33,380 3.1% NM 127,186 61,109 48.0% 41,882 32.9% NY 3,615,727 508,945 14.1% 120,331 3.3% NC 778,285 274,476 35.3% 138,596 17.8% ND 150,007 41,891 27.9% 20,409 13.6% OH 1,880,099 231,487 12.3% 79,132 4.2% OK 601,338 199,671 33.2% 114,233 19.0% OR 332,483 44,082 13.3% 19,375 5.8% PA 2,491,353 379,277 15.2% 118,299 4.7% RI 186,085 24,462 13.1% 6,572 3.5% SC 430,403 170,996 39.7% 91,973 21.4% SD 162,950 33,362 20.5% 15,739 9.7% TN 706,731 250,318 35.4% 135,145 19.1% TX 1,660,787 530,343 31.9% 297,272 17.9% UT 138,330 41,880 30.3% 18,559 13.4% VT 91,428 8,986 9.8% 2,541 2.8% VA 621,217 161,265 26.0% 77,187 12.4% WA 529,562 69,165 13.1% 27,939 5.3% WV 440,099 135,012 30.7% 66,759 15.2% WI 819,863 100,460 12.3% 33,120 4.0% WY 68,434 19,491 28.5% 10,280 15.0%