ARS | Publication request: SOMATIC CELL COUNTS OF MILK FROM DAIRY HERD IMPROVEMENT HERDS DURING 2005

Submitted to: AIPL Research Reports
Publication Type: Government Publication
Publication Acceptance Date: March 8, 2006
Publication Date: March 8, 2006
Citation: Miller, R.H., Norman, H.D. 2006. Somatic cell counts of milk from Dairy Herd Improvement herds during 2005. AIPL Research Report SCC7(3-06).

Technical Abstract: Test-day data from all herds enrolled in Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) somatic cell testing during 2005 were examined to assess the status of national milk quality. Cows with records failing AIPL editing procedures were excluded. Somatic cell score (SCS) is reported to AIPL and was converted to somatic cell count (SCC) for calculating herd and State averages. The current legal limit for bulk tank SCC is 750,000 cells/ml for Grade A producers. Nationally, average SCC during 2005 was 296,000 cells/ml. The percentages of herd test days that exceeded 750,000, 600,000, 500,000, and 400,000 cells/ml during year 2004 were 4.7, 9.2, 15.3, and 25.8, respectively. Thus, 4.7% of test-days from DHI herds were higher than the present legal limit for SCC of bulk tank milk. This may overestimate the percentage of herds that would have exceeded the legal limit for bulk tank SCC on test day because the milk of cows treated for mastitis is excluded from the bulk tank but not excluded from the DHI test. Also, the percentage of herd test days exceeding the legal limit would have been higher than the percentage of herds that were rejected from the market because market exclusion only occurs after repeat violations. Variation among States was large. Average SCC's were lower in the far West and higher in the Southeast, a finding consistent with previous reports. SCC differences between geographically adjacent states were substantial, which suggests that mastitis-control regimens have an impact under similar climatic conditions. The overall percentage of herd test days exceeding 750,000 cells/ml was lower in 2005 than in 2004, but more states had greater than 5% of herd test days over this limit, showing that although progress has been made in some areas, improvement is needed in others. As herd size increased, average daily milk generally increased, while average SCC declined. Notably, herds with <50 cows had 7% of test days over 750,000 cells/ml while in larger herds 0 to 2% of test days were over this limit. Herd test day averages by month showed that milk yield and quality decline during the summer months, and the highest quality milk is produced in late fall to early winter.