SmartWay Transport

• General Technology Overviews

• Research Reports

• Policy Guidance Documents

General Technology Overviews

• Shipper Strategies Overview (PDF)
  

  (2 pp, 86 KB, EPA420-F-03-044, February 2004) also is available en Español (PDF) ( 2 pp, 104 KB, EPA420-F-06-025, March 2006)

• Freight Carrier Strategies Overview (PDF)
  

  (2 pp, 92 KB, EPA420-F-04-003, February 2004) also is available en Español (PDF) (3 pp, 101 KB, EPA420-F-06-024, March 2006)

Top of Page

---

Truck and Rail Technologies

EPA Technical Bulletins: A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies:

• Wide-based Tires (PDF) (1 pp, 156 KB, EPA 420-F-04-004, February 2004)
• Weight Reduction (PDF) (1 pp, 105 KB, EPA 420-F-04-005, February 2004)
• Low-Viscosity Lubricants (PDF) ( (1 pp, 102 KB, EPA 420-F-04-006, February 2004)
• Reducing Highway Speed (PDF) (1 pp, 103 KB, EPA 420-F-04-007, February 2004)
• Driver Training (PDF) (1 pp, 102 KB, EPA 420-F-04-008, February 2004)
• Idle Reduction (PDF) (1 pp, 153 KB, EPA 420-F-04-009, February 2004)
• Automatic Tire Inflation Systems(PDF) (1 pp, 103 KB, EPA 420-F-04-010, February 2004)
• Improved Freight Logistics (PDF) (1 pp, 103 KB, EPA 420-F-04-011, February 2004)
• Improved Aerodynamics (PDF) (1 pp, 109 KB, EPA 420-F-04-012, February 2004)
• Hybrid Power Train Technology (PDF) (1 pp, 106 KB, EPA 420-F-03-025, February 2004)
• Intermodal Shipping (PDF) (1 pp, 105 KB, EPA 420-F-03-026, February 2004)
• Effect of Single Wide Tires and Trailer Aerodynamics on Fuel Economy and NOx Emissions of Class 8 Line-Haul Tractor-Trailers(PDF) (9 pp, 221 KB)
• Fuel Economy Improvements and NOx Reduction by Reduction of Parasitic Losses: Effect of Engine Design(PDF) (10 pp, 329 KB)
• Evaluating Real-World Fuel Economy on Heavy Duty Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PDF) (7 pp, 138 KB)

Top of Page

---

Drayage Fleets

EPA Technical Bulletins: A Glance at Clean Freight Strategies for Drayage:

• Common Chassis Pools for Drayage (PDF) (2 pp, 50 KB, EPA420-F-06-002, May 2006)
• Retrofit Devices for Drayage (PDF) (1 pp, 37 KB, EPA420-F-06-003, May 2006)
• Gateway Cities Diesel Fleet Scrappage Program for Drayage (PDF) (2 pp, 70 KB, EPA420-F-06-004, May 2006)
• Terminal Appointment Systems for Drayage (PDF) (2 pp, 40 KB, EPA420-F-06-005, May 2006)
• Gate Accessibility for Drayage (PDF) (2 pp, 41 KB, EPA420-F-06-006, May 2006)
• Cleaner Fuels for Drayage (PDF) (2 pp, 53 KB, EPA420-F-06-007, May 2006)
• EModal Port Community System for Drayage (PDF) (2 pp, 57 KB, EPA420-F-06-008, May 2006)

Top of Page

---

Research Reports

Fuel Economy and Emissions Research

• Effect of Single Wide Tires and Trailer Aerodynamics on Fuel Economy and NOx Emissions of Class 8 Line-Haul Tractor-Trailers (PDF) (9 pp, 221 KB)
•  Fuel Economy Improvements and NOx Reduction by Reduction of Parasitic Losses: Effect of Engine Design (PDF) (10 pp, 329 KB)
•  Evaluating Real-World Fuel Economy on Heavy Duty Vehicles Using a Portable Emissions Measurement System (PDF) (7 pp, 138 KB)

Truck Idling Research

EPA was one of the first organizations to comprehensively examine the emissions impacts from idling trucks. EPA's idling study was conducted over a two year period at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Test Center in Aberdeen, Maryland. A short introductory study with five tests was conducted in June 2001, and a larger study with 37 tests was conducted in May 2002. In the larger study, EPA worked with Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Rowan University with funding from the New Jersey Department of Transportation.

• EPA's Study of Exhaust Emissions from Idling Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks and Commercially Available Idle-Reducing Devices (PDF) (12 pp, 1.2 MB, EPA 420-R-02-025, October 2002) contains information about NOx emissions using emission reductions from locomotive switch yard idling reduction projects
• Argonne National Laboratories' 2001 study, Particulate Matter and Aldehyde Emissions from Idling Heavy-Duty Diesel Trucks (PDF) (10 pp, 683 KB) provides information about PM emissions

EPA is also interested in the health impacts of idling engines on truck drivers. In July 2004, EPA funded an interagency agreement to study the truck cab emissions concentrations inside trucks at a large truck stop in Knoxville, TN. The interagency agreement was awarded to the Oak Ridge National Laboratory as noted in this press advisory. Partners include Oak Ridge National Laboratory and the University of Tennessee. This project is part of the Watt Road Environmental Laboratory Initiative which is on I-40 in Knoxville, Tennessee.

In November 2005, the University of Tennessee published its final report (PDF) (154 pp, 8.8 MB) that measures the air pollutant concentrations inside and outside of a truck cab under conditions of extended idling at a truck stop. For more information on this study, contact Dr. Wayne Davis, phone: (865) 974-5321.

Motor Coach Study

In the summer of 2005, EPA conducted a field observation of motor coach idling in Washington, DC. The purpose of this study was to observe and report idling behavior of motor coaches in various zones in and around Washington, DC. Our goal is to work with state and city officials, motor coach companies, and associations to reduce motor coach idling emissions. These emission reductions will occur due to education, more effective laws, and strategies and technologies that reduce idling while maintaining the needs of motor coach buses, their passengers, and the general public.

On February 15, 2007, EPA will host a workshop for interested participants to discuss ways to reduce motor coach idling emissions in Washington, DC and other metropolitan cities. If you are interested in participating, please contact Paul Bubbosh at (202) 343-9322, email: bubbosh.paul@epa.gov.

Motor Coach Idling Field Observation Study for Washington, DC, Metro Area: (PDF) (44 pp, 414 KB) A study designed to observe and report motor coach idling behavior and better understand the effectiveness of idling reduction laws on these vehicles.

Top of Page

State or Local Guidebook to Diesel Idling Reduction

A joint publication of the New York Planning Federation, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, and the EPA SmartWay Transport Partnership, A Municipal Official's Guide to Diesel Idling Reduction in New York State (PDF) (45 pp, 1,042 KB, September 2006) presents basic information and practical solutions to reduce truck engine idling. This guidebook can assist state and local officials in understanding the issues, alternative technologies and approaches, and making sound state and local land use decisions that can contribute towards reducing impacts of engine idling.

Idling Reduction Demonstration Projects

Since 2000, EPA has funded several idle reduction demonstration projects under the authority of the Clean Air Act, Section 103(b). Below is a brief description of each project.

• Hunts Point, New York Truck Stop Electrification Project
  
  In August 2001, EPA awarded a grant of $250,000 to the Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management (NESCAUM) to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the benefits of truck stop electrification (TSE) at a large food distribution center in the Bronx borough of New York City. The project included a public outreach and education campaign designed to raise awareness of TSE. It also included mapping of locations along I-95 on the East Coast to deploy TSE projects.
  
  Case study on this project: "Assessing the Regional Implications of Advanced Truck Stop Electrification: A Report to EPA." (PDF) (9 pp, 511 KB, February 2003). For more information on the project contact NESCAUM, phone: (617) 259-2000.

• Gary, Indiana Truck Stop Electrification Project
  
  In August 2002, EPA awarded a grant of $125,000 to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management (IDEM) to deploy a truck stop electrification project to reduce emissions and noise that impact an environmental justice community, while conserving fuel for private fleets using the technology. For more information on this project contact Shawn Seals of IDEM, phone: (317) 233-0425, email: sseals@dem.state.in.us.

• Mobile Idle Reduction Technology (Battery and Electric Powered System)
  
  In January 2003, EPA awarded a grant of $200,000 to the Electric Power Research Institute to evaluate the emission reduction effectiveness and fuel savings of an on-board idle reduction technology that uses an electric heating and air conditioning system, inverter/charge, and battery packs. The funds offset the costs to the truck purchaser by 50%. Also, the truck owners monitor the fuel and maintenance savings of the technology, then re-invest the savings into the purchase of additional idle reduction technologies.
  
  For information about participating in this project please contact Mark Duvall of EPRI, phone: (650) 855-2591, email: mduvall@epri.com; or Bill Warf of the Sacramento Municipal Utility District, phone: (916) 732-6976, email: bwarf@smud.org.

 

• Chicago Locomotive Idle Reduction Project
  
  In September 2003, EPA awarded a grant of $60,000 to the City of Chicago Department of Environment to evaluate the emission and noise reductions and fuel savings of a Class I railroad idle reduction technology.
  
  Case study on this project: "Case Study: Chicago Locomotive Idle Reduction Project." (PDF) (9 pp, 184 KB, EPA 420-R-04-003, March 2004) . For more information on the project contact Kelly Kennoy of the Chicago Department of the Environment, phone: (312) 744-8692, email: kkennoy@cityofchicago.org.

• Vancouver, Washington Locomotive Idle Reduction Project
  
  In April 2003, EPA awarded a grant of $85,000 to the Southwest Clean Air Agency in Vancouver, Washington, to evaluate the emission reductions and fuel savings of a Class I railroad using a combined auxiliary engine idle reduction technology and automatic shut-down/start-up technology.
  
  Case study on this project: "Vancouver, WA Switchyard Locomotive Idle Reduction Project."(PDF) (17 pp, 371 KB, October 2005) . For more information on the project contact Paul Mairose, Chief Engineer, Southwest Clean Air Agency, phone: (360) 574-3058 (ext. 30), e-mail: paul@swcleanair.org.

Other idle reduction projects have also published case studies:

• New York State Thruway (I-90), DeWitt Service Area: IdleAire Technologies Corporation Advanced Truckstop Electrification. In June, 2002, the Antares Group, Inc. managed the installation and analyzed operations of the IdleAire technology at the DeWitt public rest area. Their report represents a one year evaluation of the technology. Quantified benefits include emissions displacement, and fuel and cost savings for the user.
  
  Case study on this project: "Truck Stop Electrification as a Long-Haul Idling Alternative." (PDF) (22 pp, 334 KB) For more information contact Tom Perrot, phone: (301) 429-1180, email: tperrot@newwesttech.us.

Top of Page

---

Policy Guidance Documents

Idling Policies: A reduction in long-duration idling will reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and particulate matter. For state and local air quality planners and transportation officials, these emission reductions can be used in air quality plans such as state implementation plans, transportation and general conformity, and new source review offsets. In January 2004, EPA published three guidance documents about quantifying and using truck and locomotive idle emission reductions in air quality plans.

• Guidance for Quantifying and Using Long Duration Truck Idling Emission Reductions in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity (PDF) (33 pp, 379 KB, EPA420-B-04-001, January 2004) includes information about using emission reductions from truck idling reduction projects
• Guidance for Quantifying and Using Long Duration Switch Yard Locomotive Idling Emission Reductions in State Implementation Plans (PDF) (25 pp, 343 KB, EPA420-B-04-002, January 2004) provides information about using emission reductions from locomotive idling reduction projects
• In 2004, Beaumont, Texas successfully used an idle reduction project to meet the transportation conformity lapse for oxides of nitrogen. Presentation from the Southeast Texas Regional Planning Commission (PDF). (14 pp, 272 KB)

Top of Page

---