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Preliminary Economic Impacts of Implementing Minimum Levels of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity

FINAL REPORT
Publication No. FHWA-SA-08-010

Appendix B: Economic Analysis Spreadsheet

The following pages present the individual worksheets of the analysis spreadsheet tool. The worksheets shown are those for the base retroreflectivity and base cost associated with the thermoplastic combination scenario.

Table S-1. Functional System Inventory.
Rural (US totals)	Length (mi)	% of total
Interstate	32,048	1.1%
Principal arterial	97,038	3.2%
Minor arterial	135,596	4.5%
Major collector	424,288	14.0%
Minor collector	267,524	8.8%
Local	2,076,644	68.5%
Total	3,033,138	100%
Urban (US totals)	Length (mi)	% of total
Interstate	14,460	1.5%
Other fwy & expwy	9,870	1.0%
Principal arterial	56,870	6.0%
Minor arterial	93,888	10.0%
Collector	97,114	10.3%
Local	668,767	71.1%
Total	940,969	100%
Source: Highway Statistics 2003, Table HM-20

Table S-2. Functional System Ownership Matrix.
Rural (US totals, mi)	Federal	State	County	City	Other	Total	% of class
Interstate		30,608			1,439	32,047	100%
Principal arterial	135	96,095	323	84	397	97,034	100%
Minor arterial	1,376	128,416	5,239	480	87	135,598	100%
Major collector	4,647	192,078	216,137	9,526	1,906	424,294	100%
Minor collector	8,088	65,528	179,608	12,177	2,120	267,521	100%
Local	105,966	139,802	1,222,477	558,564	49,843	2,076,652	100%
Total	120,212	652,527	1,623,784	580,831	55,792	3,033,146	100%
Rural (US, % of row total)	Federal	State	County	City	Other	Total
Interstate	0.0%	95.5%	0.0%	0.0%	4.5%	100.0%
Principal arterial	0.1%	99.0%	0.3%	0.1%	0.4%	100.0%
Minor arterial	1.0%	94.7%	3.9%	0.4%	0.1%	100.0%
Major collector	1.1%	45.3%	50.9%	2.2%	0.4%	100.0%
Minor collector	3.0%	24.5%	67.1%	4.6%	0.8%	100.0%
Local	5.1%	6.7%	58.9%	26.9%	2.4%	100.0%
Urban (US totals, mi)	Federal	State	County	City	Other	Total	% of class
Interstate		13,387			1,075	14,462	100%
Other fwy & expwy	58	8,951	100	261	498	9,868	100%
Principal arterial	93	38,612	3,817	14,100	252	56,874	100%
Minor arterial	206	26,171	19,269	47,794	451	93,891	100%
Collector	102	14,083	21,094	61,460	377	97,116	100%
Local	3,101	18,832	112,314	523,832	10,690	668,769	100%
Total	3,560	120,036	156,594	647,447	13,343	940,980	100%
Urban (US, % of row total)	Federal	State	County	City	Other	Total
Interstate	0.0%	92.6%	0.0%	0.0%	7.4%	100.0%
Other fwy & expwy	0.6%	90.7%	1.0%	2.6%	5.0%	100.0%
Principal arterial	0.2%	67.9%	6.7%	24.8%	0.4%	100.0%
Minor arterial	0.2%	27.9%	20.5%	50.9%	0.5%	100.0%
Collector	0.1%	14.5%	21.7%	63.3%	0.4%	100.0%
Local	0.5%	2.8%	16.8%	78.3%	1.6%	100.0%
Source: Highway Statistics 2003, Table HM-50

Table S-3. Rural Highway Laneage Parameters.
Rural (US totals)	Width	Avg. lane count	Length (mi)	% of class
Interstate	4 lanes	4	29,142	91.2%
	> 4 lanes	6	1,768	5.5%
	Other	2	1,035	3.2%
	Total		31,945	100%
Principal arterial	2 lanes	2	68,199	70.3%
	≥ 4 lanes	4	23,801	24.5%
	Other	3	4,984	5.1%
	Total		96,984	100%
Minor arterial	2 lanes	2	128,314	94.6%
	≥ 4 lanes	4	4,159	3.1%
	Other	3	3,117	2.3%
	Total		135,590	100%
Major collector	2 lanes	2	420,685	99.2%
	≥ 4 lanes	4	1,651	0.4%
	Other	3	1,919	0.5%
	Total		424,255	100%
Minor collector*	2 lanes	2	267,524	100%
Local*	2 lanes	2	2,076,644	100%
Source: Highway Statistics 2003, Table HM-55 *: Width of 2 lanes is assumed for all roads in this class

Table S-4. Rural Two-Lane Highway Passing Parameters.
Roadway class	Passing on 2-lane section
Roadway class	None	1 direction	2 directions	Total
Principal arterial	25%	50%	25%	100%
Minor arterial	25%	50%	25%	100%

Table S-5. Rural Three-Lane Highway Passing Parameters.
Roadway class	Passing on 3-lane section
Roadway class	None	1 direction	Total
Principal arterial	25%	75%	100%
Minor arterial	25%	75%	100%

Table S-6. Urban Highway Laneage Parameters.
Urban (US totals)	Width	Avg. lane count	Length (mi)	% of class
Interstate	4 lanes	4	6,766	47.4%
	> 4 lanes	7	7,465	52.3%
	Other	2	56	0.4%
	Total		14,287	99%
Other fwy & expwy	2 lanes	2	376	3.8%
	≥ 4 lanes	7	9,193	93.8%
	Other	3	236	2.4%
	Total		9,805	99%
Principal arterial	2 lanes	2	19,165	33.8%
	≥ 4 lanes	5	21,564	38.1%
	Other	3	15,903	28.1%
	Total		56,632	100%
Minor arterial	2 lanes	2	65,717	70.2%
	≥ 4 lanes	4	11,403	12.2%
	Other	3	16,460	17.6%
	Total		93,580	100%
Collector	2 lanes	2	88,175	91.3%
	≥ 4 lanes	4	2,607	2.7%
	Other	3	5,790	6.0%
	Total		96,572	99%
Local*	2 lanes	2	668,767	100%
Source: Highway Statistics 2003, Table HM-55 *: Width of 2 lanes is assumed for all roads in this class

Table S-7. Urban Two-Lane Highway Passing Parameters.
Roadway class	Passing on 2-lane section
Roadway class	None	1 direction	2 directions	Total
Minor arterial	25%	50%	25%	100%

Table S-8. Urban Three-Lane Highway Passing Parameters.
Roadway class	Passing on 3-lane section
Roadway class	None	1 direction	Total
Minor arterial	25%	75%	100%

Intermediate calculations
Rural	stripe mi/road mi		mi-%
Rural	Yellow	White	Yellow	White
Interstate	2.00	2.50	1.8245	2.2806
	2.00	3.00	0.1107	0.1660
	2.00	2.00	0.0648	0.0648
			2.0000	2.5115
Principal arterial	1.19	2.00	0.8350	1.4064
	2.00	2.50	0.4908	0.6135
	1.44	2.25	0.0739	0.1156
			1.3997	2.1356
Minor arterial	1.19	0.00	1.1238	0.0000
	2.00	0.50	0.0613	0.0153
	1.44	0.25	0.0330	0.0057
			1.2182	0.0211
Major collector	0.00	0.00	0.0000	0.0000
	2.00	0.50	0.0078	0.0019
	2.00	0.25	0.0090	0.0011
			0.0168	0.0031

Urban	stripe mi/road mi		mi-%
Urban	Yellow	White	Yellow	White
Interstate	2.00	2.50	0.9472	1.1839
	2.00	3.25	1.0450	1.6981
	2.00	2.00	0.0078	0.0078
			2.0000	2.8899
Other fwy & expwy	2.00	2.00	0.0767	0.0767
	2.00	3.25	1.8752	3.0471
	2.00	2.25	0.0481	0.0542
			2.0000	3.1780
Principal arterial	2.00	2.00	0.6768	0.6768
	2.50	2.50	0.9519	0.9519
	2.50	2.00	0.7020	0.5616
			2.3308	2.1904
Minor arterial	1.19	2.00	0.8339	1.4045
	2.00	2.50	0.2437	0.3046
	1.44	2.25	0.2528	0.3958
			1.3305	2.1049
Collector	0.00	0.00	0.0000	0.0000
	2.00	0.50	0.0540	0.0135
	2.00	0.25	0.1199	0.0150
			0.1739	0.0285

Table S-9. Pavement Marking Material Costs.
Material	Code	Cost ($/linear ft) for jurisdiction *
Material	Code	Federal	State	County	City
Epoxy	EPX	$0.30	$0.30	$0.60	$0.60
Methyl Methacrylate	MMA	$1.25	$1.25
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled)	MMP
Polyester	PLY
Tape (profiled)	TPP	$2.75	$2.75	$3.00	$3.00
Thermoplastic	THM	$0.35	$0.35	$0.50	$0.50
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP
Waterborne Paint	WBP	$0.06	$0.06	$0.15	$0.15
Source: NCHRP Synthesis 306, Table 39 *: Federal costs assumed to be same as state costs

Table S-10. White Pavement Marking Material Service Life.
Freeway Material	Code	Typical practice	Service Life (mo) for RL_min
Freeway Material	Code	Typical practice	30	35	70	85	100	125	150
Epoxy	EPX	36	51.9	47.8	27.5	23.7	23.2	18.3	12.8
Methyl Methacrylate	MMA	36	50.2	47.8	33.5	28.1	22.9	17.7	11.9
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled)	MMP	36	155.3	148.1	103.4	85.9	68.8	40.8	14
Polyester	PLY	36	101	97.6	74.3	64.2	54.2	37.5	20.8
Tape (profiled)	TPP	36	68.2	63.3	40.9	34.5	29	21.3	19.6
Thermoplastic	THM	36	60.7	58.3	44.8	39.9	35.2	27.6	22.6
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP	36	52.6	50.7	39.8	35.5	31.5	24.8	18.4
Waterborne Paint	WBP	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	10.4
Non-freeway ≥ 45 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	Service Life (mo) for RL_min
Non-freeway ≥ 45 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	30	35	70	85	100	125	150
Epoxy	EPX	36	71	68	51	44.7	38.8	29.3	20.3
Methyl Methacrylate	MMA	36	68.1	63.1	40.8	34.5	29.3	21.9	16.2
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled)	MMP	36	48.4	47.4	40.6	37.7	34.8	30	25
Polyester	PLY	36	60.8	57.1	38.5	32.6	27.4	17.2	12.6
Tape (profiled)	TPP	36	62.2	59.2	45.1	40.9	37.3	32.4	27.7
Thermoplastic	THM	36	58.9	56.4	43.9	40	36.6	32	26.9
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP	36	41.7	39.8	30.5	27.5	24.9	20.8	17.3
Waterborne Paint *	WBP	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	10.4
Non-freeway ≤ 40 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	Service Life (mo) for RL_min
Non-freeway ≤ 40 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	30	35	70	85	100	125	150
Epoxy	EPX	36	69.1	65.3	45.9	39.4	33.6	24.6	16.5
Methyl Methacrylate **	MMA	36	68.1	63.1	40.8	34.5	29.3	21.9	16.2
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled) **	MMP	36	48.4	47.4	40.6	37.7	34.8	30	25
Polyester **	PLY	36	60.8	57.1	38.5	32.6	27.4	17.2	12.6
Tape (profiled)	TPP	36	32	31.6	28.3	26.9	25.5	23.2	20.9
Thermoplastic **	THM	36	58.9	56.4	43.9	40	36.6	32	26.9
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP	36	67.2	66.1	58.8	55.7	52.5	47.2	42
Waterborne Paint *	WBP	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	10.4
Source: Migletz, Evaluation of All-Weather Pavement Markings, October 2000 : Assumed to be same as freeway values *: Assumed to be same as non-freeway ≥ 45 mph values

Table S-11. Yellow Pavement Marking Material Service Life.
Freeway Material	Code	Typical practice	Service Life (mo) for RL_min
Freeway Material	Code	Typical practice	30	45	55	65	70	85	100	125
Epoxy	EPX	36	63.6	50.3	41.7	33.7	33.9	24.5	23.2	12.8
Methyl Methacrylate	MMA	36	34.4	30.2	27.4	24.5	22.9	20	15.6	8.3
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled)	MMP	36	47.3	40.5	36.2	32.5	30.7	25.8	21.1	13.7
Polyester	PLY	36	68.1	62	57.9	53.9	51.9	45.9	39.7	29.6
Tape (profiled)	TPP	36	59.7	49.7	43.6	38.9	36.7	30.6	25.8	18.2
Thermoplastic	THM	36	82.3	68	58.6	49.4	44.8	35.5	24.7	15
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP	36	52.6	45.8	41.3	37.2	35.2	29.1	23.5	14.1
Waterborne Paint *	WBP	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Non-freeway ≥ 45 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	Service Life (mo) for RL_min
Non-freeway ≥ 45 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	30	45	55	65	70	85	100	125
Epoxy	EPX	36	60.6	53.1	48.4	44.1	42.1	36.6	30.6	21.9
Methyl Methacrylate	MMA	36	45.6	33.3	25.9	20.5	18.1	12	6.5	4.6
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled)	MMP	36	41.4	36.9	33.9	31	29.5	25.1	20.5	13.1
Polyester	PLY	36	61	55.4	51.7	47.9	46.1	40.3	34.9	25.4
Tape (profiled)	TPP	36	43	41.3	40.1	38.9	38.4	36.6	34.9	32
Thermoplastic	THM	36	52.7	43.7	38.2	33.8	31.8	26.3	21.5	15***
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP	36	30.7	27.2	25	23	22.1	19.2	16	14.4
Waterborne Paint *	WBP	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Non-freeway ≤ 40 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	Service Life (mo) for RL_min
Non-freeway ≤ 40 mph Material	Code	Typical practice	30	45	55	65	70	85	100	125
Epoxy	EPX	36	61.7	50.7	43.9	38.4	35.9	28.9	22.4	12.8
Methyl Methacrylate **	MMA	36	45.6	33.3	25.9	20.5	18.1	12	6.5
Methyl Methacrylate (profiled) **	MMP	36	41.4	36.9	33.9	31	29.5	25.1	20.5	13.1
Polyester **	PLY	36	61	55.4	51.7	47.9	46.1	40.3	34.9	25.4
Tape (profiled)	TPP	36	21.5	20.4	19.6	18.9	18.5	17.4	16.2	14.4
Thermoplastic **	THM	36	52.7	43.7	38.2	33.8	31.8	26.3	21.5	15
Thermoplastic (profiled)	THP	36	64.7	56.3	50.7	45.2	42.4	34	25.7	11.7
Waterborne Paint *	WBP	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12
Source: Migletz, Evaluation of All-Weather Pavement Markings, October 2000 : Assumed to be "typical practice" life of 12 mo : Assumed to be same as non-freeway ≥ 45 mph values **: Value for RL_min=125 assumed to be same as for freeway

Table S-12. Rural Summary.
Jurisdiction	Status Quo	Alternative 1			Alternative 2
Jurisdiction	Cost ($/yr)	Cost ($/yr)	Impact ($/yr)	% Change	Cost ($/yr)	Impact ($/yr)	% Change
Federal	$1,104,331	$1,263,007	$158,676	14%	$1,448,578	$344,247	31%
State	$355,479,585	$454,843,648	$99,364,063	28%	$672,192,929	$316,713,344	89%
County	$9,829,953	$10,509,824	$679,871	7%	$10,981,382	$1,151,429	12%
City	$906,188	$1,020,660	$114,472	13%	$1,143,294	$237,107	26%
Total	$367,320,057	$467,637,139	$100,317,082	27%	$685,766,184	$318,446,126	87%
State/Local	$366,215,726	$466,374,133	$100,158,406	27%	$684,317,606	$318,101,880	87%

Table S-13. Urban Summary.
Jurisdiction	Status Quo	Alternative 1			Alternative 2
Jurisdiction	Cost ($/yr)	Cost ($/yr)	Impact ($/yr)	% Change	Cost ($/yr)	Impact ($/yr)	% Change
Federal	$835,620	$962,784	$127,164	15%	$1,320,729	$485,109	58%
State	$237,006,978	$289,040,938	$52,033,960	22%	$434,377,824	$197,370,846	83%
County	$73,824,656	$72,137,266	-$1,687,389	-2%	$79,808,100	$5,983,444	8%
City	$202,172,645	$198,579,167	-$3,593,477	-2%	$226,654,358	$24,481,713	12%
Total	$513,839,898	$560,720,155	$46,880,257	9%	$742,161,011	$228,321,113	44%
State/Local	$513,004,278	$559,757,372	$46,753,094	9%	$740,840,282	$227,836,004	44%

Table S-14. Rural and Urban Summary.
Jurisdiction	Status Quo	Alternative 1			Alternative 2
Jurisdiction	Cost ($/yr)	Cost ($/yr)	Impact ($/yr)	% Change	Cost ($/yr)	Impact ($/yr)	% Change
Federal	$1,939,951	$2,225,791	$285,840	15%	$2,769,306	$829,355	43%
State	$592,486,563	$743,884,586	$151,398,023	26%	$1,106,570,753	$514,084,190	87%
County	$83,654,609	$82,647,091	-$1,007,519	-1%	$90,789,483	$7,134,873	9%
City	$203,078,832	$199,599,827	-$3,479,005	-2%	$227,797,652	$24,718,820	12%
Total	$881,159,955	$1,028,357,295	$147,197,339	17%	$1,427,927,194	$546,767,239	62%
State/Local	$879,220,004	$1,026,131,504	$146,911,500	17%	$1,425,157,888	$545,937,883	62%

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Preliminary Economic Impacts of Implementing Minimum Levels of Pavement Marking Retroreflectivity

FINAL REPORTPublication No. FHWA-SA-08-010

Appendix B: Economic Analysis Spreadsheet

FINAL REPORT
Publication No. FHWA-SA-08-010