Retrofit/Rebuild Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year
Urban Buses; Public Review of a Notification of Intent To Certify
Equipment
Related Material
[Federal Register: November 30, 1998 (Volume 63, Number 229)]
[Notices]
[Page 65780-65783]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr30no98-77]
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
[FRL-6194-9]
Retrofit/Rebuild Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year
Urban Buses; Public Review of a Notification of Intent To Certify
Equipment
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
ACTION: Notice of Agency receipt of a notification of intent to certify
equipment and initiation of 45 day public review and comment period.
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SUMMARY: The Agency has received a request to amend a notification of
intent to certify urban bus retrofit/rebuild equipment pursuant to 40
CFR part 85, subpart O from the Engelhard Corporation (Engelhard). On
March 20, 1998 (63 FR 13660) EPA certified a Engelhard retrofit
catalytic muffler which demonstrated a 25% reduction in particulate
matter (PM) for 1992-1993 Cummins L-10 electronically-controlled (EC)
petroleum-fueled diesel engines (that are not originally equipped with
aftertreatment devices). In the original notification dated October 18,
1996, Engelhard requested approval for all Cummins L-10 engines
manufactured prior to and including 1993. However, EPA noted in the
March Federal Register document that, based on the test engine,
certification could only apply to 1992-1993 L-10 EC (electronically
controlled) models. EPA stated that should Engelhard provide additional
information requesting to extend this certification to additional
models, EPA would provide the opportunity for public comment. EPA has
since received such information from Engelhard, and Engelhard is
requesting that certification be extended to include all pre-1994
Cummins L-10 engines and all other 4-stroke urban bus engines.
In addition to providing a summary of the notification in this
document, EPA is identifying the engines that are included in the,
``all other 4-stroke urban bus engine'' classification under the urban
bus retrofit/rebuild program. After receipt and review of the comments,
EPA will publish in the Federal Register a listing of the engines to be
included in the ``all other 4-stroke engine'' classification. It is
intended that this listing would define the classification ``all other
4-stroke engines,'' as it applies to the candidate equipment of today's
document, as well as other previously certified urban bus retrofit/
rebuild equipment.
Pursuant to part 85.1407(a)(7), today's Federal Register document
summarizes the notification below, announces that the notification is
available for public review and comment, and initiates a 45-day period
during which comments can be submitted. The Agency will review the
additional information submitted relative to the notification of intent
to certify, as well as comments received, to determine whether the
additional models identified in the amendment to the notification of
intent to certify should be included in the certification. If
certified, the equipment can be used by urban bus operators to reduce
the particulate matter of urban bus engines.
The Engelhard amendment information, the original notification of
intent to certify, as well as other materials specifically relevant to
it, are contained in category XVII-A of Public Docket A-93-42, entitled
``Certification of Urban Bus Retrofit/Rebuild Equipment.'' This docket
is at the address below.
Today's document initiates a 45-day period during which the Agency
will accept written comments relevant to whether or not the additional
models should be included in this notification of intent to certify and
whether the models listed for the ``all other 4-stroke
[[Page 65781]]
engines'' are appropriate. Comments should be provided in writing to
Public Docket A-93-42, Category XVII-A, at the address below. An
identical copy should be submitted to Anthony Erb, also at the address
below.
DATES: Comments must be submitted on or before January 14, 1999.
ADDRESSES: Submit separate copies of comments to the two following
addresses:
1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Docket A-93-42
(Category XVII-A), Room M-1500, 401 M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460.
2. Anthony Erb, Engine Compliance and Programs Group, Engine
Programs & Compliance Division (6403J), 401 ``M'' Street SW,
Washington, DC 20460.
Docket items may be inspected from 8:00 a.m. until 5:30 p.m.,
Monday through Friday. As provided in 40 CFR Part 2, a reasonable fee
may be charged by the Agency for copying docket materials.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Anthony Erb, Engine Programs &
Compliance Division (6403J), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 401
M Street SW, Washington, DC 20460. Telephone: (202) 564-9259.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Background
On April 21, 1993, the Agency published final Retrofit/Rebuild
Requirements for 1993 and Earlier Model Year Urban Buses (58 FR 21359).
The retrofit/rebuild program is intended to reduce the ambient levels
of particulate matter (PM) in urban areas and is limited to 1993 and
earlier model year (MY) urban buses operating in metropolitan areas
with 1980 populations of 750,000 or more, whose engines are rebuilt or
replaced after January 1, 1995. Operators of the affected buses are
required to choose between two compliance programs: Program 1 sets
particulate matter emissions requirements for each urban bus engine in
an operator's fleet which is rebuilt or replaced; Program 2 is a fleet
averaging program that establishes specific annual target levels for
average PM emissions from urban buses in an operator's fleet.
Certification of retrofit/rebuild equipment is a key element of the
retrofit/rebuild. To show compliance under either of the compliance
programs, operators of the affected buses must use equipment that has
been certified by the Agency. Emissions requirements under either of
the two compliance programs depend on the availability of certified
retrofit/rebuild equipment for each engine model. To be used for
Program 1, equipment must be certified as meeting a 0.10 g/bhp-hr PM
standard or as achieving a 25 percent reduction in PM. Equipment used
for Program 2 must be certified as providing some level of PM reduction
that would in turn be claimed by urban bus operators when calculating
their average fleet PM levels attained under the program. For Program
1, information on life cycle costs must be submitted in the
notification of intent to certify in order for certification of the
equipment to initiate (or trigger) program requirements. To trigger
program requirements, the certifier must guarantee that the equipment
will be available to all affected operators for a life cycle cost of
$7,940 or less at the 0.10 g/bhp-hr PM level, or for a life cycle cost
of $2,000 or less for the 25 percent or greater reduction in PM. Both
of these values are based on 1992 dollars.
II. Notification of Intent To Certify
By a notification of intent to certify signed November 18, 1996,
Engelhard applied for certification of equipment applicable to all
Cummins L-10 engines that were originally manufactured prior to and
including 1993. The notification of intent to certify stated that the
candidate equipment would reduce PM emissions 25 percent or more on
petroleum-fueled diesel engines that are rebuilt to Cummins
specifications.
The candidate equipment consists of a ``catalytic converter
muffler'' or CMX<SUP>TM</SUP>, that is a muffler containing an
oxidation catalyst. The emission testing data is provided in Table A.
Applicable engines are discussed further below.
Life cycle cost information was submitted with the original
notification, along with a guarantee that the equipment would be
offered to all affected operators for less than the incremental life
cycle cost ceiling. EPA's certification of this equipment triggered the
requirements for operators using compliance option 1, to reduce PM by
25% when rebuilding or replacing 1992-1993 Cummins L-10 EC models. As a
trigger of this standard, urban bus operators are required to use this
retrofit/rebuild equipment, or other equipment certified to provide a
PM reduction on any applicable engine that is rebuilt on or after
September 21, 1998.
In a letter to EPA dated April 20, 1998, Engelhard requested that
the certification be amended to include all pre-1994 Cummins L-10
models and all other 4-stroke urban bus engines. Table B of this notice
provides a listing of the additional 4-stroke urban bus engines to
which the candidate equipment is believed to be applicable (refer to
footnote 3). EPA requests comment on the appropriateness of the engines
currently listed in Table B and information on any additional engines
for which this certification may be applicable.
Identification of the engines in this classification was deemed to
be necessary based on a letter from Engelhard dated March 16, 1998
which states that the inclusion of ``all other 4-stroke engines'' in
the Engine Control Systems certification dated January 29, 1998 (63 FR
4445) was causing confusion in the marketplace because it was not clear
which engines were included in the ``all other 4-stroke engine''
classification. Accordingly, this notice seeks to clarify this matter
by identifying the applicable engines. EPA is requesting additional
information on the appropriateness of the engines identified in Table B
of this notice for this classification. It is EPA's intent that the
list of engines will apply to the candidate Engelhard certification
discussed herein, the Engine Control Systems certification referenced
above and to future notifications of intent to certify equipment under
the urban bus retrofit regulations that include engines in the ``all
other 4-stroke'' classification.
Engelhard is requesting that the amendment be certified as
providing a 25% particulate matter emission reduction. Engelhard is
requesting that the certification apply to both options 1 and 2.
Engelhard has not provided life-cycle cost data in the amendment
request relative to the additional engines that are covered in the
amendment. Therefore, this amendment request, if approved, will not
trigger new requirements for any of the models covered by the
amendment.
The equipment to be applied to the engines is a ``catalytic
Converter Muffler'' or CMX<SUP>TM</SUP>, that is a muffler containing
an oxidation catalyst. The CMX is intended to replace the standard
muffler previously installed in the engine exhaust system. The CMX is
intended to be maintenance free, requiring no service for the full in-
use compliance period. The engine fuel to be used with this equipment
is standard diesel fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 0.05 wt.%
sulfur.
Engelhard has requested approval for all Cummins L-10 engines and
all other urban bus 4-stroke engines manufactured prior to and
including 1993. As a basis for this certification, Engelhard presents
exhaust emission data from testing a 1987 240hp Cummins L-10 engine,
control parts list number 0777 (CPL# 0777) along with test data to
support this certification.
[[Page 65782]]
Engelhard states that the test engine selected (CPL# 0777) can be
considered worst case. The urban bus regulation states that EPA will
allow results to be extrapolated to engine types and model years known
to have engine-out PM levels equal to or less than that of the test
engine. In the case at hand, the test engine has a pre-rebuild PM
emission level of 0.61 g/bhp-hr. The PM levels listed in the table at
part 85.1403(c)(1)(iii)(A) for all Cummins models are lower than the
stated level for the test engine. Under 40 CFR 85.1406(a), a test
engine must represent the ``worst case'' with respect to particulate
emissions of all those engine configurations for which the equipment is
being certified. The worst case configuration is the engine
configuration having the highest engine-out PM level, prior to
installation of the retrofit/rebuild equipment. EPA requests comments
and information concerning identification of the engines to which the
candidate equipment is applicable.
In its amendment request Engelhard also presents additional test
data and information on the 1987 Cummins L-10 mechanical injection
engine, engine serial number 48407900. This engine was first rebuilt to
CPL# 0774 by Cummins Recon in South Carolina and tested for emissions.
Subsequently, this engine was rebuilt to CPL# 0777 (rated at 240
horsepower) by Engine Test Services (ETS) in South Carolina and tested
for emissions. Both CPLs were tested for baseline emissions and
emissions with a CMX installed. All testing was conducted at the ETS
laboratory in South Carolina in accordance with the Federal Test
Procedure. For CPL# 0774 the test data show a PM level of 0.476 g/bhp-
hr for the base engine without the CMX. On CPL# 0774, Engelhard
conducted tests on two different catalyst formulations. With the
candidate equipment installed, the results show a PM level of 0.326 g/
bhp-hr with formulation 1 and a PM level of 0.287 g/bhp-hr with
formulation 2. This represents a PM reduction of 31.5% and 39.7%
respectively with candidate equipment installed. The test data also
show that hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of
nitrogen (NOX) are less than applicable standards. Fuel
consumption for the baseline engine was 0.399 lb/bhp-hr during the
test. Fuel consumption for the tests conducted with the candidate
equipment installed was 0.394 lb/bhp-hr for each formulation.
For CPL# 0777 the test data show a baseline PM level of 0.473 g/
bhp-hr without the CMX. The results show a PM level of 0.335 g/bhp-hr
with the CMX installed (only one formulation was tested). This
represents a PM reduction of 29%. The test data also show that
hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen
(NOX) are less than applicable standards. Fuel consumption
for the baseline test was 0.413 lb/bhp-hr. Fuel consumption for the
tests conducted with the CMX installed was 0.400 lb/bhp-hr. Engelhard
presents smoke emission measurements demonstrating compliance with
applicable standards.
Engelhard provided supporting information and testing data
regarding this candidate certification in submissions to EPA dated
September 29, 1997, January 30,1998, March 30, 1998 and April 20, 1998.
In the September, January and March submissions, Engelhard provides
testing data demonstrating a 25% on a Cummins L-10 engine built to CPL#
0774 as discussed above. Additionally, the March 30, 1998 submission
includes information on the ability of the Engelhard equipment to
reduce both soluble and insoluble particulate in the exhaust stream. In
the submission of April 20, 1998, Engelhard provides information and
testing data demonstrating a 25% reduction on the Cummins L-10 engine
built to CPL# 0777.
Table A.--Exhaust Emissions Summary G/BHP-HR
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1987 L-10 w/ CMX
Gaseous and particulate test 1987 L-10 Baseline 1987 L-10 Baseline CPL# 0774 Formula 1987 L-10 w/ CMX
CPL# 0774 CPL# 0777 1/formula 2 CPL# 0777
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HC............................... 2.29 2.29 1.07/0.68 1.07
CO............................... 2.19 2.65 1.52/1.01 1.31
NO<INF>X.............................. 5.50 5.89 5.23/5.09 5.41
PM............................... 0.476 0.473 0.326/0.287 0.335
BSFC <SUP>1........................... 0.399 0.413 0.394/0.394 0.400
Smoke Test:
ACCEL........................ 8.2% 11.7% 9.3%/11.0% 10.9%
LUG.......................... 1.5% 1.7% 1.8%/1.4% 2.0%
PEAK......................... 14.8% 29.2% 15.7%/20.3% 24.8%
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) is measured in units of lb/bhp-hr.
Engelhard has not provided life-cycle cost data relative to this
notification amendment. Therefore, this equipment will not be
considered for certification in compliance with the life-cycle cost
requirements of the standard for the additional engines covered by the
amendment.
If the Agency certifies the candidate Engelhard equipment operators
will be affected as follows. Under Program 1, this equipment would be
available for all rebuilds of applicable Cummins L-10 urban bus engines
and other 4-stroke urban bus engines listed in footnote 3 of Table B
following the effective date of certification. With regard to the
Cummins L-10 models included in this amended notification of intent to
certify by Engelhard, triggering equipment has already been certified
by EPA. On December 13, 1995 EPA published a document in the Federal
Register (60 FR 64046) approving certification of equipment for the
applicable L-10 models for the Cummins Engine Company.
The requirement to use certified equipment demonstrating at least a
25% reduction in PM will continue for the applicable engines until such
time as equipment is certified that triggers the 0.10 g/bhp-hr emission
standard for less than a life cycle cost of $7,940 (in 1992 dollars).
If the Agency certifies the candidate Engelhard equipment, then
operators who choose to comply with Program 2 and install this
equipment may use the PM emission level(s) established during the
certification review process in their calculations for fleet level as
specified in the program regulations. Emission levels proposed by
Engelhard are provided in Table B.
[[Page 65783]]
Table B--Engelhard Retrofit/Rebuild Certification Levels For 4-stroke Engines <SUP>2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Retrofit PM
Cummins/ other engine family Control parts Manufacture Dates New Engine PM Retrofit PM level with CM
list (CPL) level level with CM & Cummins kit
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
343B........................................... 780 11/20/85 to 12/31/87................... 0.58 0.44 0.26
343B........................................... 0781 11/20/85 to 12/31/87................... 0.59 0.44 0.26
343C........................................... 0774 11/20/85 to 12/31/89................... 0.46 0.34 0.26
343C........................................... 0777 11/20/85 to 12/31/89................... 0.61 0.46 0.26
343C........................................... 0996 12/04/87 to 08/19/88................... 0.61 0.46 0.26
343C........................................... 1226 07/26/88 to 12/31/90................... 0.50 0.38 0.26
343F........................................... 1226 07/12/90 to 08/26/92................... 0.45 0.34 0.26
343F........................................... 1441 12/18/90 to 12/31/92................... 0.46 0.34 0.26
343F........................................... 1622 04/24/92 to 12/31/92................... 0.46 0.34 0.26
343F........................................... 1624 04/24/92 to 12/31/92................... 0.45 0.34 0.26
Other <SUP>3 4-stroke engines...................... N/A Pre-1988............................... 0.50 0.38 N/A
Other 4-stroke engines......................... .............. 1988 To 1993........................... ( <SUP>4) 25 % reduction N/A
from
certification
PM levels
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\2\ The New Engine PM certification levels for Cummins engines are based on the certification level or the average test audit result for each engine
family. It is noted that for engine family 343F, although the PM standard for 1991 and 1992 was 0.25 g/bhp-hr and the NOx standard was 5.0 g/bhp-hr,
Cummins certified the 1226, 1441, 1622, and 1624 CPLs to a Federal Emission Limit (FEL) of 0.49 g/bhp-hr PM and 5.6 g/bhp-hr NOx under the averaging,
banking and trading program.
\3\ Applicable to the following 4-stroke engines: Caterpillar 8 cylinder engines, General Motors 6 cylinder and 8 cylinder engines, International
Harvester/Navistar 8 cylinder engines, MAN 6 and 8 cylinder engines, Saab-Scania 6 cylinder engines, and Volvo 6 cylinder engines installed in
applicable urban buses.
\4\ Certification level.
* Not applicable.
At a minimum, EPA expects to evaluate this notification of intent
to certify, and other materials submitted as applicable, to determine
whether there is adequate demonstration of compliance with: (1) The
certification requirements of part 85.1406, including whether the
testing accurately proves the claimed emission reduction or emission
levels; and, (2) the requirements of part 85.1407 for a notification of
intent to certify.
The Agency requests that those commenting also consider these
regulatory requirements, plus provide comments on any experience or
knowledge concerning: (a) Problems with installing, maintaining, and/or
using the candidate equipment on applicable engines; and, (b) whether
the equipment is compatible with affected vehicles.
The date of this notice initiates a 45-day period during which the
Agency will accept written comments relevant to whether or not the
equipment described in the Engelhard notification of intent to certify
should be certified pursuant to the urban bus retrofit/rebuild
regulations. Interested parties are encouraged to review the
notification of intent to certify and provide comment during the 45-day
period. Please send separate copies of your comments to each of the
above two addresses.
The Agency will review this notification of intent to certify,
along with comments received from interested parties, and attempt to
resolve or clarify issues as necessary. During the review process, the
Agency may add additional documents to the docket as a result of the
review process. These documents will also be available for public
review and comment within the 45-day period.
Dated: November 20, 1998.
Robert Perciasepe,
Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 98-31805 Filed 11-27-98; 8:45 am]
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