PART 87 -- CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM AIRCRAFT AND AIRCRAFT ENGINES

1.	The authority citation for part 87 continues to read as follows:

Authority: Secs. 231,301(a), Clean Air Act, as amended (42 U.S.C 7571, 7601(a)).

Subpart A -- General Provisions

2.	Section 87.1 of subpart A is amended by revising the definition of "Class TF" in paragraph (a) to read as follows:

§ 87.1 Definitions

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(a)	*	*	*

"Class TF" means all turbofan or turbojet aircraft engines or aircraft engines designed for applications that otherwise would have been fulfilled by turbojet and turbofan engines except engines of class T3, T8, and TSS.

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3.	Section 87.2 of subpart A is amended by adding the following abbreviations in alphabetical order to read as follows:

§87.2 Abbreviations

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CO	Carbon Monoxide

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NOx	Oxides of nitrogen

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Subpart C--Exhaust Emissions (New Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines)

4.	Section 87.21 of subpart C is amended by revising paragraphs (d) and (e)(3) to read as follows:

§87.21 Standards for exhaust emissions.

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(d) Gaseous exhaust emissions from each new commercial aircraft gas turbine engine shall not exceed:

(1) Classes TF, T3, T8 engines greater than 26.7 kilonewtons rated output:

(i) Engines manufactured on or after January 1, 1984:

Hydrocarbons: 19.6 grams/kilonewton rO.

(ii) Engines manufactured on or after [Insert DATE 60 days after publication of today's direct final rule]:

Carbon Monoxide: 118 grams/kilonewton rO.

(iii) Engines of a type or model of which the date of manufacture of the first individual production model was on or before December 31, 1995 and for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine was on or before December 31, 1999.

Oxides of Nitrogen: (40 + 2(rPR)) grams/kilonewtons rO.

(iv) Engines of a type or model of which the date of manufacture of the first individual production model was after December 31, 1995 or for which the date of manufacture of the individual engine was after December 31, 1999.

Oxides of Nitrogen: (32 + 1.6(rPR)) grams/kilonewtons rO.

(v) The emission standards prescribed in sections (iii) and (iv) above apply as prescribed beginning [Insert DATE 60 days after publication of today's direct final rule].

(2)	Class TSS: Engines manufactured on or after January 1, 1984:

Hydrocarbons=140(0.92)rPR grams/kilonewtons rO.

(e)	*	*	*

(3) Class TP of rated output equal to or greater than 1,000 kilowatts manufactured on or after January 1, 1984:

SN=187(ro)-0.168 (ro is in kilowatts)

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Subpart G-- Test Procedures for Engine Exhaust Gaseous Emissions (Aircraft and Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines)

5.	Section 87.60 of subpart G is amended by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows:

§87.60 Introduction.

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(c)	The exhaust emission test is designed to measure hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and oxides of nitrogen concentrations, and to determine mass emissions through calculations during a simulated aircraft landing-takeoff cycle (LTO). The LTO cycle is based on time in mode data during high activity periods at major airports. The test for propulsion engines consists of at least the following four modes of engine operation: taxi/idle, takeoff, climbout, and approach. The mass emission for the modes are combined to yield the reported values.

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6.	Section 87.61 of subpart G is amended to read as follows:

§87.60 Turbine fuel specifications.

For exhaust emission testing, fuel meeting the specifications listed below shall be used. Additives used for the purpose of smoke suppression (such as organometallic compounds) shall not be present.

Property and Allowable Range of Values

Density kg/m3 at 15 °C: 780-820.

Distillation temperature, °C: 10% boiling point, 155-201; final boiling point, 235- 285.

Net heat of combustion, MJ/kg: 42.86-43.50.

Aromatics, volume %: 15-23.

Naphthalenes, volume %: 1.0-3.5.

Smoke point, mm: 20-28.

Hydrogen, mass %: 13.4-14.1.

Sulfur, mass %: less than 0.3%.

Kinematic viscosity at -20 °C, mm2/s: 2.5-6.5.

7.	Section 87.62 of subpart G is amended by revising paragraph (a)(2) to read as follows:

§87.62 Test Procedure (propulsion engines).

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(a)	*	*	*

(1)	*	*	*

(2)	The taxi/idle operating modes shall be carried out at a power setting of 7% rated thrust unless the Secretary determines that the unique characteristics of an engine model undergoing certification testing at 7% would result in substantially different HC and CO emissions than if the engine model were tested at the manufacturers recommended idle power setting. In such cases the Secretary shall specify an alternative test condition.

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8.	Section 87.64 of subpart G is amended to read as follows:

§87.64 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring gaseous exhaust emissions.

The system and procedures for sampling and measurement of gaseous emissions shall be as specified by Appendices 3 and 5 to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993, which are incorporated herein by reference. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of the approval and a notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. Frequent changes are not anticipated. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M Street, Southwest, Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington DC. Copies of this document can be obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Document Sales Unit, P.O. Box 400, Succursale: Place de L'Aviation Internationale, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2.

9.	Section 87.71 of subpart G is amended to read as follows:

§87.71 Compliance with gaseous emission standards.

Compliance with each gaseous emission standard by an aircraft engine shall be determined by comparing the pollutant level in grams/kilonewton/thrust/cycle or grams/kilowatt/cycle as calculated in §87.64 with the applicable emission standard under this part. An acceptable alternative to testing every engine is described in Appendix 6 to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of the approval and a notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. Frequent changes are not anticipated. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M Street, Southwest, Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington DC. Copies of this document can be obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Document Sales Unit, P.O. Box 400, Succursale: Place de L'Aviation Internationale, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2. Other methods of demonstrating compliance may be approved by the Secretary with the concurrence of the Administrator.

10.	Section 87.82 of subpart H is amended to read as follows:

§87.82 Sampling and analytical procedures for measuring smoke exhaust emissions.

The system and procedures for sampling and measurement of smoke emissions shall be as specified by Appendix 2 to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16, Volume II, Environmental Protection, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993, which are incorporated herein by reference. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of the approval and a notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. Frequent changes are not anticipated. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M Street, Southwest, Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington DC. Copies of this document can be obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Document Sales Unit, P.O. Box 400, Succursale: Place de L'Aviation Internationale, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2.

11.	Section 87.89 of subpart H is amended to read as follows:

§87.89 Compliance with smoke emission standards.

Compliance with each smoke emission standard shall be determined by comparing the plot of SN as a function of power setting with the applicable emission standard under this part. The SN at every power setting must be such that there is a high degree of confidence that the standard will not be exceeded by any engine of the model being tested. An acceptable alternative to testing every engine is described in Appendix 6 to International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex 16, Environmental Protection, Volume II, Aircraft Engine Emissions, Second Edition, July 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference. This incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. These materials are incorporated as they exist on the date of the approval and a notice of any change in these materials will be published in the Federal Register. Frequent changes are not anticipated. Copies may be inspected at U.S. EPA, OAR, 401 M Street, Southwest, Washington, DC 20460, or at the Office of Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., suite 700, Washington DC. Copies of this document can be obtained from the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Document Sales Unit, P.O. Box 400, Succursale: Place de L'Aviation Internationale, 1000 Sherbrooke Street West, Suite 400, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2R2.