Table 58
Deaths per 1,000 pediatric heart surgery admissions, patients under age 18 (excluding obstetric admission; patients with transcatheter interventions as single cardiac procedures, performed without bypass but with catheterization; patients with septal defects as single cardiac procedures without bypass; heart transplant; premature infants with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure as only cardiac procedure; and age less than 30 days with PDA closure as only cardiac procedure; transfers to another hospital; patients with unknown disposition; and neonates with a birthweight less than 500 grams), by race/ethnicity, United States, 2004 |
Population group |
Total |
Non-Hispanic |
Hispanic, all races |
White |
Black |
API |
Ratea |
SE |
Ratea |
SE |
Ratea |
SE |
Ratea |
SE |
Ratea |
SE |
Total |
|
35.4 |
1.3 |
35.0 |
1.8 |
35.0 |
3.5 |
* |
* |
36.6 |
3.1 |
Age |
0-4 |
35.1 |
1.4 |
34.1 |
1.8 |
35.6 |
3.5 |
* |
* |
36.1 |
3.2 |
5-9 |
47.3 |
10.8 |
69.1 |
14.0 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
10-14 |
53.9 |
11.9 |
52.2 |
15.5 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
109.3 |
32.1 |
15-17 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Gender |
Male |
35.3 |
1.8 |
33.3 |
2.4 |
36.4 |
4.8 |
* |
* |
38.5 |
4.4 |
Female |
35.5 |
2.0 |
37.2 |
2.7 |
33.4 |
5.0 |
* |
* |
34.9 |
4.3 |
Median income of patient's ZIP Code |
Less than $25,000 |
24.4 |
6.7 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
$25,000-$34,999 |
41.3 |
2.8 |
33.9 |
4.5 |
51.2 |
5.7 |
* |
* |
44.4 |
5.5 |
$35,000-$44,999 |
32.2 |
2.7 |
35.1 |
3.7 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
30.9 |
6.1 |
$45,000 or more |
35.1 |
1.9 |
35.1 |
2.4 |
34.5 |
6.9 |
* |
* |
36.4 |
5.2 |
Location of patient residence |
Metropolitan-large |
31.3 |
1.8 |
29.8 |
2.6 |
29.5 |
4.5 |
* |
* |
35.0 |
3.8 |
Metropolitan-small |
41.0 |
2.4 |
40.4 |
3.2 |
41.5 |
6.1 |
* |
* |
42.3 |
6.1 |
Micropolitan |
38.9 |
4.7 |
43.3 |
5.5 |
46.3 |
13.6 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Noncore |
40.1 |
5.5 |
33.6 |
6.3 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
68.4 |
19.1 |
Expected payment source |
Private insurance |
31.8 |
1.9 |
30.4 |
2.3 |
33.2 |
6.8 |
* |
* |
36.6 |
6.1 |
Medicare |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Medicaid |
37.1 |
2.1 |
40.7 |
3.3 |
33.9 |
4.2 |
* |
* |
34.7 |
4.0 |
Other insurance |
50.0 |
5.5 |
54.3 |
8.3 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
44.6 |
9.5 |
Uninsured/self-pay/no charge |
50.0 |
10.7 |
66.6 |
16.3 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Region of inpatient treatment |
Northeast |
26.5 |
3.1 |
24.9 |
4.1 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Midwest |
39.6 |
2.5 |
38.6 |
3.0 |
49.4 |
6.3 |
* |
* |
54.3 |
12.8 |
South |
37.6 |
2.5 |
39.3 |
3.5 |
36.7 |
5.2 |
* |
* |
34.3 |
5.6 |
West |
34.7 |
2.7 |
31.8 |
4.5 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
40.6 |
4.4 |
Ownership/control of hospital |
Private, not-for-profit |
33.9 |
1.4 |
33.4 |
1.9 |
32.9 |
3.8 |
* |
* |
34.7 |
3.2 |
Private, for-profit |
49.2 |
12.1 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Public |
48.2 |
4.5 |
47.9 |
5.9 |
42.4 |
8.5 |
* |
* |
74.2 |
14.9 |
Teaching status of hospital |
Teaching |
34.3 |
1.5 |
32.9 |
2.0 |
37.1 |
3.9 |
* |
* |
36.5 |
3.4 |
Non-teaching |
40.4 |
3.2 |
44.8 |
4.3 |
27.5 |
7.5 |
* |
* |
37.6 |
7.6 |
Location of hospital |
Metropolitan-large |
29.6 |
1.5 |
27.1 |
2.1 |
28.8 |
4.2 |
* |
* |
33.1 |
3.3 |
Metropolitan-small |
53.5 |
2.8 |
54.6 |
3.4 |
49.0 |
6.2 |
* |
* |
64.4 |
9.4 |
Micropolitan |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Noncore |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
Bed size of hospital |
Less than 100 |
107.4 |
22.1 |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
* |
125.7 |
33.8 |
100-299 |
27.7 |
2.3 |
23.2 |
3.1 |
40.9 |
6.3 |
* |
* |
32.5 |
5.0 |
300-499 |
30.8 |
2.7 |
29.3 |
3.8 |
31.8 |
7.2 |
* |
* |
33.3 |
5.8 |
500 or more |
44.1 |
2.1 |
46.7 |
2.7 |
31.5 |
5.1 |
* |
* |
42.4 |
5.5 |
a Rates are adjusted by age, gender, diagnosis related group and MDC groups, and comorbidities, and stratified by the Risk Adjusted classification for Congenital Heart Surgery (RACHS).
* Data do not meet the criteria for statistical reliability, data quality, or confidentiality.
Key: API: Asian or Pacific Islander; SE: standard error.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, State Inpatient Databases, disparities analysis file, 2004. This file is designed to provide national estimates on disparities using weighted records from a sample of hospitals from the following 23 States: AR, AZ, CA, CO, CT, FL, GA, HI, KS, MD, MA, MI, MO, NH, NJ, NY, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, VT, and WI.