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Final Report: Thermochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes
EPA Grant Number: R825549C010Subproject: this is subproject number 010 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R825549
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: HSRC (1989) - Great Plains/Rocky Mountain HSRC
Center Director: Erickson, Larry E.
Title: Thermochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes
Investigators: Walawenders, W. P.
Institution: Kansas State University
EPA Project Officer: Manty, Dale
Project Period: February 1, 1989 through February 1, 1991
Project Amount: Refer to main center abstract for funding details.
RFA: Hazardous Substance Research Centers - HSRC (1989)
Research Category: Analysis/Treatment of Contaminated Soil
Description:
Objective:The long-term goals of this research project were to obtain experimental data on the influence of key operating parameters on the thermal destruction of chlorinated liquid hydrocarbons in a bench-scale incinerator, and to develop models for the design and effective operation of hazardous substance incinerator systems.
The objectives are to: (1) develop quantitative mass spectrometric methodologies for the analysis of the dry off-gas resulting from the combustion of hexane and propane in the bench-scale incinerator; (2) conduct material balance analyses on the incineration system; (3) compare the predictions of an equilibrium model for the CHON (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) system with experimental observations; and (4) assess the influence of key operating parameters on the incinerator performance. The operating parameters investigated included the percentage of stoichiometric air, different throughputs of LPG and hexane, and the distribution of the total air between the atomization and the secondary air.
Summary/Accomplishments (Outputs/Outcomes):This research is designed to provide extensive information on the influence of operating conditions on the performance of hazardous waste incinerators. The results should provide a basis for developing models for the design and effective operation of hazardous waste incineration systems.
A 3-inch ID, 30-inch long, bench-scale tubular incinerator was designed and constructed. The incinerator is a novel design, employing secondary gaseous fuel (propane) and liquid hydrocarbon carrier (hexane) for the chlorinated substance. The secondary fuel is introduced from three jets placed symmetrically about the incinerator axis, while the chlorinated substance and liquid carrier are mixed and atomized about the vessel center line. Such a design minimizes cold zones, promotes mixing, and provides dispersion of the chlorinated hydrocarbons, which are important characteristics for efficient destruction of chlorinated substances.
Material (atom) balance procedures established the off-gas rate which was divided into the dry off-gas (determined by nitrogen balance) and the associated moisture rate (determined by oxygen balance). Closures on carbon and hydrogen were then determined and were observed to be primarily within ± 10%.
An analytical method for predicting the equilibrium composition of a CHON system
under fuel-rich conditions was adopted for this work. The predictions, based
on the observed temperature and the exit atom ratios (H/O and N/O as determined
by material balance), were remarkably close to the experimentally observed dry
off-gas compositions. This finding is significant since equilibrium fixes an
upper limit on the performance that can be achieved for a given incinerator
operating condition.
The MS was calibrated, relative to nitrogen, for the following stack gas components:
H2, CO, CO2, O2, and CH4. A novel method, based on the atomic mass 12, was used
to quantify CO in the complex stack gas mixture. The results for the calibrated
components were in good agreement with those obtained by the GC (within the
calibration range of the GC). The LPG combustion trials showed that the combustion
was nearly complete for stoichiometric and low excess air conditions. The hexane
combustion trials revealed that a minimum atomization air rate was necessary
for effective combustion and was confirmed by the hexane and LPG trials. The
hexane trials also revealed that secondary air was essential for near complete
combustion. The results demonstrate that the on-line MS can be a useful tool
for monitoring incineration processes. A comprehensive report detailing the
findings is appended.
The results were presented at professional meetings and made available to interested
parties.
No journal articles submitted with this report: View all 6 publications for this subproject
Supplemental Keywords:thermochemical treatment, incinerator, mass spectrometer, combustion , Geographic Area, Scientific Discipline, Waste, RFA, Remediation, Analytical Chemistry, Incineration/Combustion, Chemistry, Hazardous Waste, EPA Region, Environmental Chemistry, Hazardous, Ecology and Ecosystems, Geochemistry, combustion contaminants, hazardous waste incinerators, mass spectrometry, hazardous waste incineration, fate and transport, fate and transport , thermochemical treatment, Hexane, combustion, hazardous wate, chemical kinetics of incineration, Region 8, air pollution, combustor/incinerator emissions, Region 7
Relevant Websites:
http://www.engg.ksu.edu/HSRC
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
R825549 HSRC (1989) - Great Plains/Rocky Mountain HSRC
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R825549C006 Fate of Trichloroethylene (TCE) in Plant/Soil Systems
R825549C007 Experimental Study of Stabilization/Solidification of Hazardous Wastes
R825549C008 Modeling Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate and Pesticide Contamination in the Subsurface Environment
R825549C009 Vadose Zone Decontamination by Air Venting
R825549C010 Thermochemical Treatment of Hazardous Wastes
R825549C011 Development, Characterization and Evaluation of Adsorbent Regeneration Processes for Treament of Hazardous Waste
R825549C012 Computer Method to Estimate Safe Level Water Quality Concentrations for Organic Chemicals
R825549C013 Removal of Nitrogenous Pesticides from Rural Well-Water Supplies by Enzymatic Ozonation Process
R825549C014 The Characterization and Treatment of Hazardous Materials from Metal/Mineral Processing Wastes
R825549C015 Adsorption of Hazardous Substances onto Soil Constituents
R825549C016 Reclamation of Metal and Mining Contaminated Superfund Sites using Sewage Sludge/Fly Ash Amendment
R825549C017 Metal Recovery and Reuse Using an Integrated Vermiculite Ion Exchange - Acid Recovery System
R825549C018 Removal of Heavy Metals from Hazardous Wastes by Protein Complexation for their Ultimate Recovery and Reuse
R825549C019 Development of In-situ Biodegradation Technology
R825549C020 Migration and Biodegradation of Pentachlorophenol in Soil Environment
R825549C021 Deep-Rooted Poplar Trees as an Innovative Treatment Technology for Pesticide and Toxic Organics Removal from Soil and Groundwater
R825549C022 In-situ Soil and Aquifer Decontaminaiton using Hydrogen Peroxide and Fenton's Reagent
R825549C023 Simulation of Three-Dimensional Transport of Hazardous Chemicals in Heterogeneous Soil Cores Using X-ray Computed Tomography
R825549C024 The Response of Natural Groundwater Bacteria to Groundwater Contamination by Gasoline in a Karst Region
R825549C025 An Electrochemical Method for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation and Metals Recovery
R825549C026 Sulfide Size and Morphology Identificaiton for Remediation of Acid Producing Mine Wastes
R825549C027 Heavy Metals Removal from Dilute Aqueous Solutions using Biopolymers
R825549C028 Neutron Activation Analysis for Heavy Metal Contaminants in the Environment
R825549C029 Reducing Heavy Metal Availability to Perennial Grasses and Row-Crops Grown on Contaminated Soils and Mine Spoils
R825549C030 Alachlor and Atrazine Losses from Runoff and Erosion in the Blue River Basin
R825549C031 Biodetoxification of Mixed Solid and Hazardous Wastes by Staged Anaerobic Fermentation Conducted at Separate Redox and pH Environments
R825549C032 Time Dependent Movement of Dioxin and Related Compounds in Soil
R825549C033 Impact of Soil Microflora on Revegetation Efforts in Southeast Kansas
R825549C034 Modeling the use of Plants in Remediation of Soil and Groundwater Contaminated by Hazardous Organic Substances
R825549C035 Development of Electrochemical Processes for Improved Treatment of Lead Wastes
R825549C036 Innovative Treatment and Bank Stabilization of Metals-Contaminated Soils and Tailings along Whitewood Creek, South Dakota
R825549C037 Formation and Transformation of Pesticide Degradation Products Under Various Electron Acceptor Conditions
R825549C038 The Effect of Redox Conditions on Transformations of Carbon Tetrachloride
R825549C039 Remediation of Soil Contaminated with an Organic Phase
R825549C040 Intelligent Process Design and Control for the Minimization of Waste Production and Treatment of Hazardous Waste
R825549C041 Heavy Metals Removal from Contaminated Water Solutions
R825549C042 Metals Soil Pollution and Vegetative Remediation
R825549C043 Fate and Transport of Munitions Residues in Contaminated Soil
R825549C044 The Role of Metallic Iron in the Biotransformation of Chlorinated Xenobiotics
R825549C045 Use of Vegetation to Enhance Bioremediation of Surface Soils Contaminated with Pesticide Wastes
R825549C046 Fate and Transport of Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in Soil: The Impacts of Vegetation
R825549C047 Vegetative Interceptor Zones for Containment of Heavy Metal Pollutants
R825549C048 Acid-Producing Metalliferous Waste Reclamation by Material Reprocessing and Vegetative Stabilization
R825549C049 Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Upward Mobilization and Photodegradation of Polychlorinated Dibenzo-P-Dioxins and Furans in Soil
R825549C050 Evaluation of Biosparging Performance and Process Fundamentals for Site Remediation
R825549C051 Field Scale Bioremediation: Relationship of Parent Compound Disappearance to Humification, Mineralization, Leaching, Volatilization of Transformaiton Intermediates
R825549C052 Chelating Extraction of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soils
R825549C053 Application of Anaerobic and Multiple-Electron-Acceptor Bioremediation to Chlorinated Aliphatic Subsurface Contamination
R825549C054 Application of PGNAA Remote Sensing Methods to Real-Time, Non-Intrusive Determination of Contaminant Profiles in Soils
R825549C055 Design and Development of an Innovative Industrial Scale Process to Economically Treat Waste Zinc Residues
R825549C056 Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Wood-Treatment Chemicals (PCP and Creosote)
R825549C057 Effects of Surfactants on the Bioavailability and Biodegradation of Contaminants in Soils
R825549C058 Contaminant Binding to the Humin Fraction of Soil Organic Matter
R825549C059 Identifying Ground-Water Threats from Improperly Abandoned Boreholes
R825549C060 Uptake of BTEX Compounds by Hybrid Poplar Trees in Hazardous Waste Remediation
R825549C061 Biofilm Barriers for Waste Containment
R825549C062 Plant Assisted Remediation of Soil and Groundwater Contaminated by Hazardous Organic Substances: Experimental and Modeling Studies
R825549C063 Extension of Laboratory Validated Treatment and Remediation Technologies to Field Problems in Aquifer Soil and Water Contamination by Organic Waste Chemicals