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2006 Progress Report: Southern California Particle Center (SCPC)
EPA Grant Number: R832413Center: Southern California Particle Center
Center Director: Froines, John R.
Title: Southern California Particle Center (SCPC)
Investigators: Froines, John R. , Cho, Arthur K. , Delfino, Ralph , Harkema, Jack , Hinds, William C. , Kleinman, Michael T. , Kumigai, Yoshito , Lusis, Aldons , Miguel, Antonio , Nel, Andre E. , Neuhausen, Susan , Schauer, James J. , Sioutas, Constantinos , Staimer, Norbert , Vaziri, Nosratola D , Zhu, Yifang
Current Investigators: Froines, John R. , Cho, Arthur K. , Delfino, Ralph , Harkema, Jack , Hinds, William C. , Kleinman, Michael T. , Kumigai, Yoshito , Lusis, Aldons , Nel, Andre E. , Neuhausen, Susan , Schauer, James J. , Shafer, M. M. , Sioutas, Constantinos , Staimer, Norbert , Vaziri, Nostratola
Institution: University of California - Los Angeles , Michigan State University , University of California - Irvine , University of Southern California , University of Tsukuba , University of Wisconsin
Current Institution: Michigan State University , University of California - Irvine , University of California - Los Angeles , University of Southern California , University of Tsukuba , University of Wisconsin
EPA Project Officer: Stacey Katz/Gail Robarge,
Project Period: October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2010
Project Period Covered by this Report: October 1, 2005 through September 30, 2006
Project Amount: $7,999,994
RFA: Particulate Matter Research Centers (2004)
Research Category: Particulate Matter
Description:
Objective:The overall objective of the Southern California Particle Center (SCPC) is to investigate the mechanisms that produce the health effects associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM), and to understand how toxic mechanisms and resulting health effects vary with the source, chemical composition, and physical characteristics of PM.
The SCPC relies on a team of highly respected researchers committed to developing a strong multidisciplinary program to address the challenging public health issues posed by PM pollution, with a focus on the unique urban setting of the Los Angeles air basin. Our research projects are united by a hypothesis that chemical composition and physical characteristics related to PM sources determine the toxicity and exposure-response of PM. Variations in exposure according to source, season, and location influence the resulting human health responses. The principal mechanistic hypothesis of the SCPC is that many health effects associated with PM exposure including adverse respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes derive from the induction of oxidative stress by reactive chemical species (organic or inorganic) in PM. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses related to asthma and atherosclerosis are a particular focus. Integral to our toxicological hypothesis is the role of antioxidant defense pathways that protect against the pro-inflammatory effects of PM.
The studies undertaken by the SCPC address research priorities in source linkages, susceptibility to PM, biological mechanisms for PM, and exposure-response relationships as identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Our research to address these priorities is integrated across a wide variety of disciplines, including aerosol formation and characterization, advanced analytical chemistry, exposure assessment, chemical toxicology, genetic toxicology and immunology, animal toxicology, epidemiology and biostatistics. Linking the diverse research efforts into a coordinated whole is an overarching theme, as illustrated in the pictorial diagram of the five SCPC projects (Figure 1).
Figure 1.
Progress Summary:The first months of the new Southern California Particle Center (SCPC) have been quite successful with all projects initiating their planned research. A major freeway sampling campaign was completed, which included high volume filter collections of coarse, fine, and ultrafine PM; analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and tracer concentrations for emission factor calculations; collection of coarse, fine, and ultrafine PM to be used for chemical toxicology and in vitro studies; tandem differential mobility analyzer measurements of particle diameter/volatility; particle surface area measurements; and ultrafine mass chemical composition analyses. All of the above analyses resulting from the freeway campaign are completed or underway, and Project 1 has produced three manuscripts for publication. In Project 2, two in vivo animal studies of mice with genetic susceptibility to atherosclerosis (ApoE null and LDL receptor knockout mice) have been performed. ApoE null mice exposed to fine and ultrafine PM displayed increased atherosclerotic lesional area in the aorta compared to control animals, while PM exposure did not enhance lesions in mice that lack LDL receptors and were maintained on a Western Diet. Brain tissues from the ApoE mice displayed elevated expression levels of a key transcription factor. Further analyses of the biological samples collected from exposed and control mice in these experiments are underway. In vitro studies of particles have also advanced during year 1 of the SCPC, with a study from Project 2 that compared ambient ultrafines to a variety of commercial nanoparticles in cell-free and cellular assays designed to detect production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative toxicity in test cells. Project 3 completed the analysis of quinone species in particle and gaseous samples collected across the Los Angeles Basin, and reports that the concentration of some of the assayed species increases as the air mass ages, suggesting that these redox active compounds are photochemically produced. Two assays for reactive oxygen species were performed on a wide range of indoor and outdoor samples collected at retirement homes. Analysis of the freeway samples in redox and other assays is underway in the laboratories of Projects 2 and 3. Progress was reported on deciphering the mechanisms by which quinones may promote cellular changes, in a study showing increased activation of a key protein tyrosine kinase receptor in treated cells. Project 4 has followed 32 elderly people with coronary artery disease, with weekly blood draws. Glutathione Peroxidase-1, superoxide dismutase, hemoglobin and myeloperoxidase assays are underway. The protocols for determination of 8-isoprostane and the ratio of glutathione to reduced glutathione are being refined for successful application to the collected biological samples. A new Project 5 has been added to the SCPC. Project 5 developed a proposal and conducted preliminary measurements to support the design of a planned high volume sampling system for capturing both the particulate and vapor phase contaminants in a 500 m3 air sample. An instrumented van was used in studies of changes in ultrafine particles near freeways by taking Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) samples for morphological analysis of 50 nm mobility diameter particles. Results suggest that the aerosols were internally mixed. Year 1 summaries for the individual projects, containing results and findings, will follow.
Research Challenges. The SCPC did not experience any significant difficulties during the reporting period.
Individual Research Project Goals/Hypotheses Changes and Rationale. A new Project 5 has been added to the organization of the SCPC. In the original SCPC proposal, Dr. William Hinds had a role within Project 1, with Dr. Sioutas. Since that time, Dr. Hinds has introduced a proposal to take advantage of an opportunity for a jointly funded project with the SCPC and the California Air Resources Board. In Project 5, Dr. Hinds proposes to collect large scale samples of fine particles and volatile air components at three different locations: on a freeway to collect fresh traffic emissions of particles and gases; an urban source site not directly on a freeway, and an urban receptor site that will reflect photochemical aging of source emissions. The project utilizes a van equipped with a two person exposure chamber and instruments including CPC, SMPS, aethelometer, particle-bound PAH, PM-10, PM-2.5, NOx, CO2, CO, temperature, relative humidity, and GPS, and is jointly funded with the CARB study that seeks to evaluate a variety of short term measures of exposure and response including heart rate variability, and 26 cytokines and other blood factors before, after, and 20 hours after exposure to freeway or filtered air. The large scale samples will be evaluated in a variety of assays by Dr. Cho and his staff (Project 3). The Project 5 description will be submitted to EPA as a separate report.
The rationale underlying additional sample collections and expansion of scope for Project 3 is that SCPC studies completed during this first year of funding have shown that four quinone species are present in both particle and gaseous fractions of ambient air samples across the Los Angeles Basin, and are in fact at higher concentrations in the gaseous phase (please see the report for Project 3). Since quinone compounds contribute to the redox capacity of polluted air, an assessment of total exposure to redox active species requires simultaneous monitoring of both the particulate and gaseous phases at a location of interest. The expanded scope of Project 3 will enable total redox exposure assessment by collecting a set samples dedicated to redox assays, and large enough to meet the needs of the multiple redox and biological assays the SCPC has developed.
Year-1 Center Expenditure. There was a re-budget in the Administrative Core and Project 2. Pursuant to EPA guidelines, a detailed review of the Year-1 financials will be submitted on November 1, 2006.
Research Quality Assurance Requirement. In March 2006, Quality Management Project Plans (QMPP) were submitted to Dr. John Froines, SCPC Principal Investigator, by individual project leads. The documents are filed at the SCPC central management office at UCLA.
Future Activities:Planned Year-2 Sampling Campaigns
Projects’ Year-2 efforts are in accord with the overall proposed sampling schedule, namely:
Year 2:
Winter: Long Beach - LA Harbor
Summer: 110 freeway (road dust, volatility, gasoline)
Fall: Animal CAP studies at USC
Journal Articles: 48 Displayed | Download in RIS Format
| Other center views: | All 94 publications | 48 publications in selected types | All 47 journal articles |
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Araujo JA, Barajas B, Kleinman M, Wang X, Bennett BJ, Gong KW, Navab M, Harkema J, Sioutas C, Lusis AJ, Nel AE. Ambient particulate pollutants in the ultrafine range promote atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Circulation Research 2008;102(5):589-596. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Ayres JG, Borm P, Cassee FR, Castranova V, Donaldson K, Ghio A, Harrison RM, Hider R, Kelly F, Kooter IM, Marano F, Maynard RL, Mudway I, Nel A, Sioutas C, Smith S, Baeza-Squiban A, Cho A, Duggan S, Froines J. Evaluating the toxicity of airborne particulate matter and nanoparticles by measuring oxidative stress potential—a workshop report and consensus statement. Inhalation Toxicology 2008;20(1):75-99. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2008) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Biswas S, Ntziachristos L, Moore KF, Sioutas C. Particle volatility in the vicinity of a freeway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(16):3479-3493. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2006) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Chan RC-F, Wang M, Li N, Yanagawa Y, Onoe K, Lee JJ, Nel AE. Pro-oxidative diesel exhaust particle chemicals inhibit LPS-induced dendritic cell responses involved in T-helper differentiation. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2006;118(2):455-465. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) R827352 (Final) R827352C002 (Final) |
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Chatila TA, Li N, Garcia-Lloret M, Kim H-J, Nel AE. T-cell effector pathways in allergic diseases: transcriptional mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2008;121(4):812-823. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Polidori A, Arhami M, Gillen DL, Kleinman MT, Vaziri ND, Longhurst J, Zaldivar F, Sioutas C. Circulating biomarkers of inflammation, antioxidant activity, and platelet activation are associated with primary combustion aerosols in subjects with coronary artery disease. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(7):898-906. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C004 (2007) R832413C004 (2008) |
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Delfino RJ, Staimer N, Tjoa T, Gillen D, Kleinman MT, Sioutas C, Cooper D. Personal and ambient air pollution exposures and lung function decrements in children with asthma. Environmental Health Perspectives 2008;116(4):550-558. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Eiguren-Fernandez A, Avol EL, Thurairatnam S, Hakami M, Froines JR, Miguel AH. Seasonal influence on vapor- and particle-phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in school communities located in Southern California. Aerosol Science and Technology 2007;41(4):438-446. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) R827352 (Final) R827352C009 (Final) R827352C013 (Final) |
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Eiguren-Fernandez A, Miguel AH, Lu R, Purvis K, Grant B, Mayo P, Di Stefano E, Cho AK, Froines J. Atmospheric formation of 9,10-phenanthraquinone in the Los Angeles air basin. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(10):2312-2319. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) R827352 (Final) |
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Fruin S, Westerdahl D, Sax T, Sioutas C, Fine PM. Measurements and predictors of on-road ultrafine particle concentrations and associated pollutants in Los Angeles. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(2):207-219. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Gong Jr. H, Linn WS, Clark KW, Anderson KR, Sioutas C, Alexis NE, Cascio WE, Devlin RB. Exposures of healthy and asthmatic volunteers to concentrated ambient ultrafine particles in Los Angeles. Inhalation Toxicology 2008;20(6):533-545. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R827352 (Final) |
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Gong KW, Zhao W, Li N, Barajas B, Kleinman M, Sioutas C, Horvath S, Lusis AJ, Nel A, Araujo JA. Air-pollutant chemicals and oxidized lipids exhibit genome-wide synergistic effects on endothelial cells. Genome Biology 2007;8(7):R149. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Hu S, Polidori A, Arhami M, Schafer MM, Schauer JJ, Cho A, Sioutas C. Redox activity and chemical speciation of size fractioned PM in the communities of the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2008;8(3):11643-11672. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Inoue K-I, Takano H, Ichinose T, Tomura S, Yanagisawa R, Sakurai M, Sumi D, Cho AK, Hiyoshi K, Kumagai Y. Effects of naphthoquinone on airway responsiveness in the presence or absence of antigen in mice. Archives of Toxicology 2007;81(8):575-581. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Iwamoto N, Sumi D, Ishii T, Uchida K, Cho AK, Froines JR, Kumagai Y. Chemical knockdown of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B by 1,2-naphthoquinone through covalent modification causes persistent transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2007;282(46):33396-33404. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Kleinman MT, Sioutas C, Froines JR, Fanning E, Hamade A, Mendez L, Meacher D, Oldham M. Inhalation of concentrated ambient particulate matter near a heavily trafficked road stimulates antigen-induced airway responses in mice. Inhalation Toxicology 2007;19(Suppl 1):117-126. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R827352 (Final) |
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Kleinman MT, Araujo JA, Nel A, Sioutas C, Campbell A, Cong PQ, Li H, Bondy SC. Inhaled ultrafine particulate matter affects CNS inflammatory processes and may act via MAP kinase signaling pathways. Toxicology Letters 2008;178(2):127-130. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Krudysz MA, Froines JR, Fine PM, Sioutas C. Intra-community spatial variation of size-fractionated PM mass, OC, EC, and trace elements in the Long Beach, CA area. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(21):5374-5389. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C003 (2007) R832157 (2007) |
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Krudysz M, Moore K, Geller M, Sioutas C, Froines J. Intra-community spatial variability of particulate matter size distributions in southern California/Los Angeles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2008;8(3):9641-9672. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Li N, Nel AE. The cellular impacts of diesel exhaust particles: beyond inflammation and death. European Respiratory Journal 2006;27(4):667-668. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2006) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Li N, Xia T, Nel AE. The role of oxidative stress in ambient particulate matter-induced lung diseases and its implications in the toxicity of engineered nanoparticles. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2008;44(9):1689-1699. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Majestic BJ, Schauer JJ, Shafer MM, Fine PM, Singh M, Sioutas C. Trace metal analysis of atmospheric particulate matter:a comparison of personal and ambient samplers. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science 2008;7(4):289-298. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Moore KF, Ning Z, Ntziachristos L, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Daily variation in the properties of urban ultrafine aerosol—Part I: Physical characterization and volatility. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(38):8633-8646. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ning Z, Moore KF, Polidori A, Sioutas C. Field validation of the new miniature Versatile Aerosol Concentration Enrichment System (mVACES). Aerosol Science and Technology 2006;40(12):1098-1110. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ning Z, Geller MD, Moore KF, Sheesley R, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Daily variation in chemical characteristics of urban ultrafine aerosols and inference of their sources. Environmental Science & Technology 2007;41(17):6000-6006. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ning Z, Polidori A, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Emission factors of PM species based on freeway measurements and comparison with tunnel and dynamometer studies. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3099-3114. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Froines JR, Cho AK, Sioutas C. Relationship between redox activity and chemical speciation of size-fractionated particulate matter. Particle and Fibre Toxicology 2007;4:5. |
R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Polidori A, Phuleria H, Geller MD, Sioutas C. Application of a diffusion charger for the measurement of particle surface concentration in different environments. Aerosol Science and Technology 2007;41(6):571-580. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2006) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Ning Z, Geller MD, Sheesley RJ, Schauer JJ, Sioutas C. Fine, ultrafine and nanoparticle trace element compositions near a major freeway with a high heavy-duty diesel fraction. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(27):5684-5696. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Ning Z, Geller MD, Sioutas C. Particle concentration and characteristics near a major freeway with heavy-duty diesel traffic. Environmental Science & Technology 2007;41(7):2223-2230. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2006) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Ntziachristos L, Froines JR, Cho AK, Sioutas C. Relationship between redox activity and chemical speciation of size-fractionated particulate matter. Particle & Fibre Toxicology 2007;4(June):5. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) |
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Phuleria HC, Sheesley RJ, Schauer JJ, Fine PM, Sioutas C. Roadside measurements of size-segregated particulate organic compounds near gasoline and diesel-dominated freeways in Los Angeles, CA. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(22):4653-4671. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Polidori A, Arhami M, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ, Allen R. Indoor/outdoor relationships, trends, and carbonaceous content of fine particulate matter in retirement homes of the Los Angeles Basin. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007;57(3):366-379. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Polidori A, Arhami M, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ,Allen R. Indoor/outdoor relationships, trends, and carbonaceous content of fine particulate matter in retirement homes of the Los Angeles Basin. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2007;57(3):366–379. |
R832413C001 (2007) |
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Polidori A, Hu S, Biswas S, Delfino RJ, Sioutas C. Real-time characterization of particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient aerosols and from motor-vehicle exhaust. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2008;8(5):1277-1291. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Shinyashiki M, Rodriguez CE, Di Stefano EW, Sioutas C, Delfino RJ, Kumagai Y, Froines JR, Cho AK. On the interaction between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and airborne particles: evidence for electrophilic species. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(3):517-529. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Sillanpaa M, Geller MD, Phuleria HC, Sioutas C. High collection efficiency electrostatic precipitator for in vitro cell exposure to concentrated ambient particulate matter (PM). Journal of Aerosol Science 2008;39(4):335-347. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Taguchi K, Shimada M, Fujii S, Sumi D, Pan X, Yamano S, Nishiyama T, Hiratsuka A, Yamamoto M, Cho AK, Froines JR, Kumagai Y. Redox cycling of 9,10-phenanthraquinone to cause oxidative stress is terminated through its monoglucuronide conjugation in human pulmonary epithelial A549 cells. Free Radical Biology & Medicine 2008;44(8):1645-1655. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C003 (2007) R832413C003 (2008) |
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Westerdahl D, Fruin SA, Fine PL, Sioutas C. The Los Angeles International Airport as a source of ultrafine particles and other pollutants to nearby communities. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3143-3155. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R831861 (2005) |
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Westerdahl D, Fruin SA, Fine PL, Sioutas C. The Los Angeles International Airport as a source of ultrafine particles and other pollutants to nearby communities. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3143–3155. |
R832413C001 (2008) |
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Westerdahl D, Fruin SA, Fine PL, Sioutas C. The Los Angeles International Airport as a source of ultrafine particles and other pollutants to nearby communities. Atmospheric Environment 2008;42(13):3143-3155. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R831861 (2005) |
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Wold LE, Simkhovich BZ, Kleinman MT, Nordlie MA, Dow JS, Sioutas C, Kloner RA. In vivo and in vitro models to test the hypothesis of particle-induced effects on cardiac function and arrhythmias. Cardiovascular Toxicology 2006;6(1):69-78. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R827352 (Final) |
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Xia T, Kovochich M, Brant J, Hotze M, Sempf J, Oberley T, Sioutas C, Yeh JI, Wiesner MR, Nel AE. Comparison of the abilities of ambient and manufactured nanoparticles to induce cellular toxicity according to an oxidative stress paradigm. Nano Letters 2006;6(8):1794-1807. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) R832413C002 (2006) R832413C002 (2008) R827352 (Final) R827352C002 (Final) R827352C014 (Final) |
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Xia T, Kovochich M, Nel A. The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in mediating particulate matter injury. Clinics in Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2006;5(4):817-836. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Xia T, Kovochich M, Nel AE. Impairment of mitochondrial function by particulate matter (PM) and their toxic components: implications for PM-induced cardiovascular and lung disease. Frontiers in Bioscience 2007;12(3):1238-1246. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C002 (2007) R832413C002 (2008) |
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Yacobi NR, Phuleria HC, Demaio L, Liang CH, Peng C-A, Sioutas C, Borok Z, Kim K-J, Crandall ED. Nanoparticle effects on rat alveolar epithelial cell monolayer barrier properties. Toxicology in Vitro 2007;21(8):1373-1381. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C001 (2007) R832413C001 (2008) |
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Zhu Y, Eiguren-Fernandez A, Hinds WC, Miguel AH. In-cabin commuter exposure to ultrafine particles on Los Angeles freeways. Environmental Science & Technology 2007;41(7):2138-2145. |
R832413 (2008) R832413C005 (2007) R832413C005 (2008) R827352 (Final) |
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Zhu Y, Fung DC, Kennedy N, Hinds WC, Eiguren-Fernandez A. Measurements of ultrafine particles and other vehicular pollutants inside a mobile exposure system on Los Angeles freeways. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 2008;58(3):424-434. |
R832413 (2007) R832413 (2008) R832413C005 (2007) R832413C005 (2008) |
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, Air, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, Risk Assessments, Health Risk Assessment, particulate matter, Environmental Chemistry, respiratory impact, cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular vulnerability, chemical characteristics, cardiotoxicity, chemical composition, cardiopulmonary responses, human health risk, oxidative stress, human health effects, toxicology, ambient particle health effects, biological mechanism , airborne particulate matter, human exposure, PM, animal model
Relevant Websites:
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract
2007 Progress Report
2008 Progress Report
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R832413C001 Contribution of Primary and Secondary PM Sources to Exposure & Evaluation of Their Relative Toxicity
R832413C002 Project 2: The Role of Oxidative Stress in PM-induced Adverse Health Effects
R832413C003 The Chemical Properties of PM and their Toxicological Implications
R832413C004 Oxidative Stress Responses to PM Exposure in Elderly Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease
R832413C005 Ultrafine Particles on and Near Freeways