The Constitution of the United States of America


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Supreme Court Decisions Overruled by Subsequent Decision



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                         SUPREME COURT DECISIONS

                    OVERRULED BY SUBSEQUENT DECISION

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        SUPREME COURT DECISIONS OVERRULED BY SUBSEQUENT DECISION

        While the Supreme Court sometimes expressly overrules a prior
decision, in a great many instances the overruling must be deduced from
the principles of related cases. Obviously, there is a chance here for a
difference of opinion and this will be reflected in any listing.
        The present compilation was initially based primarily upon the
following sources:

        Justice Brandeis dissenting in Burnet v. Coronado Oil and Gas
            Co., 285 U.S. 393, 406-409 nn.1-4 (1932).
        Emmet E. Wilson, ``Stare Decisis, Quo Vadis?'' 33 Geo. L.J. 251,
            254 n.17, 265 (1945);
        William O. Douglas, ``Stare Decisis,'' 49 Colum. L. Rev. 735-43,
            756-58 (1949);
        Albert R. Blaustein and Andrew H. Field, ``Overruling Opinions
            in the Supreme Court,'' 57 Mich. L. Rev. 151, 184-94 (1958).

        Inasmuch as there is not complete agreement among them that all
of the cases listed constitute reversals by the Supreme Court of prior
decisions, the following symbols have been employed to indicate the
authority for inclusion in each instance:
        An asterisk (*) designates reversals stated in express terms by
            the Supreme Court;
        The letters B, D, and A indicate reversals listed respectively
            by Justice Brandeis, Justice Douglas and Professor
            Blaustein;
        Cases not bearing a symbol have been added by the editors of
            this volume.


                Overruling Case                Overruled Case
*   1.  Hudson v. Guestier, 10 U.S. (6    Rose v. Himley, 8 U.S. (4 Cr.)
        Cr.) 281, 285 (1810)              241 (1808)
B   2.  Gordon v. Ogden, 28 U.S. (3       Wilson v. Daniel, 3 U.S. (3
        Pet.) 33, 34 (1830)               Dall.) 401 (1798)
A   3.  Greene v. Lessee of Neal, 31      Patton v. Easton, 14 U.S. (1
        U.S. (6 Pet.) 291 (1832)          Wheat.) 476 (1816)
                                          Powell's Lessee v. Harmon, 27
                                          U.S. (2 Pet.) 241 (1829)
B   4.  Louisville R.R. v. Letson, 43     Commercial and Railroad Bank
        U.S. (2 How.) 497, 554-556        v. Slocomb, 39 U.S. (14 Pet.)
        (1844)                            60 (1840)
                                        A Strawbridge v. Curtiss, 7 U.S.
                                          (3 Cr.) 267 (1806); and
                                          qualifying,
                                          Bank of the United States v.
                                          Deveaux, 9 U.S. (5 Cr.) 61
                                          (1809)
B*  5.  The Genessee Chief, 53 U.S.       The Thomas Jefferson, 23 U.S.
        (12 How.) 443, 456 (1851)         (10 Wheat.) 428 (1825);
                                          The Orleans v. Phoebus, 36
                                          U.S. (11 Pet.) 175 (1837)
B*  6.  Gazzam v. Phillip's Lessee, 61    Brown's Lessee v. Clements, 44
        U.S. (20 How.) 372, 377-378       U.S. (3 How.) 650 (1845)
        (1858)
A   7.  Suydam v. Williamson, 65 U.S.     Williamson v. Berry, 49 U.S.
        (24 How.) 427 (1861)              (8 How.) 495 (1850);

[[Page 2246]]

                                          Williamson v. Irish
                                          Presbyterian Congregation, 49
                                          U.S. (8 How.) 565 (1850);
                                          Williamson v. Ball, 49 U.S. (8
                                          How.) 566 (1850)
*   8.  Mason v. Eldred, 73 U.S. (6       Sheehy v. Mandeville, 10 U.S.
        Wall.) 231, 238 (1868)            (6 Cr.) 253 (1810)
BD  9.  The Belfast, 74 U.S. (7 Wall.)    Allen v. Newberry, 62 U.S. (21
        624, 641 (1869)                   How.) 244 (1858) (in part)
BD  10. Knox v. Lee (Legal Tender         Hepburn v. Griswold, 75 U.S.
        Cases), 79 U.S. (12 Wall.)        (8 Wall.) 603 (1870)
        457, 553 (1871)
D   11. Trebilcock v. Wilson, 79 U.S.     Roosevelt v. Meyer, 68 U.S. (1
        (12 Wall.) 687 (1871)             Wall.) 512 (1863)
B*  12. Hornbuckle v. Toombs, 85 U.S.     Noonan v. Lee, 67 U.S. (2
        (18 Wall.) 648, 652-653 (1874)    Black) 499 (1863);
                                          Orchard v. Hughes, 68 U.S. (1
                                          Wall.) 73, 77 (1864);
                                          Dunphy v. Kleinsmith, 78 U.S.
                                          (11 Wall.) 610 (1871)
D*  13. Union Pac. Ry. v. McShane, 89     Kansas Pac. Ry. v. Prescott,
        U.S. (22 Wall.) 444 (1874)        83 U.S. (16 Wall.) 603 (1873)
                                          (in part)
D*  14. County of Cass v. Johnston, 95    Harshman v. Bates County, 92
        U.S. 360 (1877)                   U.S. 569 (1875)
D*  15. Fairfield v. County of            Town of Concord v. Savings-
        Gallatin, 100 U.S. 47 (1879)      Bank, 92 U.S. 625 (1875)
D*  16. Tilghman v. Proctor, 102 U.S.     Mitchell v. Tilghman, 86 U.S.
        707 (1880)                        (19 Wall.) 287 (1873)
D   17. Kilbourn v. Thompson, 103 U.S.    Anderson v. Dunn, 19 U.S. (6
        168, 192-200 (1881)               Wheat.) 204 (1821)
*   18. United States v. Phelps, 107      Shelton v. The Collector, 72
        U.S. 320, 323 (1883)              U.S. (5 Wall.) 113, 118 (1867)
BD* 19. Kountze v. Omaha Hotel Co.,       Stafford v. The Union Bank of
        107 U.S. 378, 387 (1883)          Louisiana, 57 U.S. (16 How.)
                                          135 (1853)
*   20. Morgan v. United States, 113      Texas v. White, 74 U.S. (7
        U.S. 476, 496 (1885)              Wall.) 700 (1869)
D   21. Wabash, St.L. & P. Ry. v.         Peik v. Chicago & N.W. Ry., 94
        Illinois, 118 U.S. 557 (1886)     U.S. 164 (1877)
                                          (``substantially though not
                                          expressly overruled'')
D   22. Philadelphia Steamship Co. v.     State Tax on Railway Gross
        Pennsylvania, 122 U.S. 326        Receipts, 82 U.S. (15 Wall.)
        (1887)                            284 (1873) (``basic grounds of
                                          decision repudiated'')
D   23. In re Ayers, 123 U.S. 443         Osborn v. Bank of the United
        (1887)                            States, 22 U.S. (9 Wheat.) 738
                                          (1824)
BD* 24. Leloup v. Port of Mobile, 127     Osborne v. Mobile, 83 U.S. (16
        U.S. 640, 647 (1888)              Wall.) 479 (1873)
*   25. Leisy v. Hardin, 135 U.S. 100,    Pierce v. New Hampshire, 46
        118 (1890)                        U.S. (5 How.) 504 (1847)
*   26. Brenham v. German-American        Rogers v. Burlington, 10 U.S.
        Bank, 144 U.S. 173, 187 (1892)    (3 Wall.) 654 (1866);
                                          Mitchell v. Burlington, 71
                                          U.S. (4 Wall.) 270 (1867)
*   27. Roberts v. Lewis, 153 U.S.        Giles v. Little, 104 U.S. 291
        367, 377 (1894)                   (1881)

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B   28. Pollock v. Farmers' Loan &        Hylton v. United States, 3
        Trust Co., 158 U.S. 601 (1895)    U.S. (3 Dall.) 171 (1796)
*   29. Garland v. Washington, 232        Crain v. United States , 162
        U.S. 642, 646 (1914)              U.S. 625 (1896)
*   30. United States v. Nice, 241        Matter of Heff, 197 U.S. 488
        U.S. 591, 601 (1916)              (1905)
B   31. Pennsylvania R.R. v. Towers,      Lake Shore & Mich. So. Ry. v.
        245 U.S. 6, 17 (1917)             Smith, 173 U.S. 684 (1899) (in
                                          part)
B*  32. Rosen v. United States, 245       United States v. Reid, 53 U.S.
        U.S. 467, 470 (1918)              (12 How.) 361 (1851)
*   33. Boston Store v. American          Henry v. Dick Co. , 224 U.S. 1
        Graphophone Co., 246 U.S. 8,      (1912)
        25 (1918); and Motion Picture
        Co. v. Universal Film Co., 243
        U.S. 502, 518 (1917)
*   34. Terrel v. Burke Constr. Co.,      Doyle v. Continental Ins. Co.,
        257 U.S. 529, 533 (1922)          94 U.S. 535 (1877); Security
                                          Mut. Life Ins. Co. v. Prewitt,
                                          202 U.S. 246 (1906)
*   35. Lee v. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry.,     Ex parte Wisner, 203 U.S. 449
        260 U.S. 653, 659 (1923)          (1906); and qualifying,
                                          In re Moore, 209 U.S. 490
                                          (1908)
*   36. Alpha Cement Co. v.               Baltic Mining Co. v.
        Massachusetts, 268 U.S. 203,      Massachusetts, 231 U.S. 68
        218 (1925)                        (1913)
A   37. Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. v.          Chesapeake & Ohio Ry. v.
        Leitch, 276 U.S. 429 (1928)       Leitch, 275 U.S. 507 (1927)
        (rehearing)
*   38. Gleason v. Seaboard Ry., 278      Friedlander v. Texas & Pac.
        U.S. 349, 357 (1929)              Ry., 130 U.S. 416 (1889) (in
                                          part)
*   39. Farmers Loan Co. v. Minnesota,    Blackstone v. Miller, 188 U.S.
        280 U.S. 204, 209 (1930)          189 (1903)
*   40. East Ohio Gas Co. v. Tax          Pennsylvania Gas Co. v. Public
        Comm'n, 283 U.S. 465, 472         Serv. Comm'n, 252 U.S. 23
        (1931)                            (1920)
*   41. Chicago & E.I.R.R. v.             Erie R.R. v. Collins, 253 U.S.
        Industrial Comm'n, 284 U.S.       77 (1920);
        296 (1932)                        Erie R.R. v. Szary, 253 U.S.
                                          86 (1920)
A   42. Fox Film Corp. v. Doyal, 286      Long v. Rockwood, 277 U.S. 142
        U.S. 123 (1932)                   (1928)
    43. New York ex rel. Northern         Macallen Co. v. Massachusetts,
        Finance Corp. v. Lynch, 290       279 U.S. 620 (1929)
        U.S. 601 (1933)
        See also:
        United States v. City of
        Detroit, 355 U.S. 466, 472 n.2
        (1958)
A*  44. Funk v. United States, 290      * Stein v. Bowman, 38 U.S. (13
        U.S. 371, 373, 386 (1933);        Pet.) 209 (1839) (in part);
        See also:                       * Hendrix v. United States, 219
        Hawkins v. United States, 358     U.S. 79 (1911);
        U.S. 74, 76 (1958)              A Logan v. United States, 144
                                          U.S. 263 (1892);
                                        * Jin Fuey Moy v. United States,
                                          254 U.S. 189 (1920)
*   45. West Coast Hotel Co. v.           Adkins v. Children's Hospital,
        Parrish, 300 U.S. 379 (1937)      261 U.S. 525 (1923)
                                        A Morehead v. New York ex rel.
                                          Tipaldo, 298 U.S. 587 (1936)

[[Page 2248]]

A   46. Railroad Comm'n v. Pacific Gas    Railroad Comm'n v. Pacific Gas
        Co., 302 U.S. 388 (1938)          Co., 301 U.S. 669 (1937)
        (rehearing)
*   47. Helvering v. Producers Corp.,     Gillespie v. Oklahoma, 257
        303 U.S. 376 (1938)               U.S. 501 (1922);
                                          Burnet v. Coronado Oil & Gas
                                          Co., 285 U.S. 393 (1932)
D*  48. Erie R.R. v. Tompkins, 304        Swift v. Tyson, 41 U.S. (16
        U.S. 64, 69, 79 (1938)            Pet.) 1 (1842)
*   49. Graves v. New York ex rel.      A Dobbins v. Commissioners of
        O'Keefe, 306 U.S. 466 (1939)      Erie County, 41 U.S. (16 Pet.)
                                          435 (1842);
                                          Collector v. Day, 78 U.S. (11
                                          Wall.) 113 (1871);
                                          New York ex rel. Rogers v.
                                          Graves, 299 U.S. 401 (1937);
                                        A Brush v. Commissioners, 300
                                          U.S. 352 (1937)
A   50. Rochester Tel. Corp. v. United    Procter & Gamble v. United
        States, 307 U.S. 125 (1939)       States, 225 U.S. 282 (1912)
D*  51. O'Malley v. Woodrough, 307      A Evans v. Gore, 253 U.S. 245
        U.S. 277 (1939)                   (1920)
                                          Miles v. Graham, 268 U.S. 501
                                          (1925)
*   52. Madden v. Kentucky, 309 U.S.      Colgate v. Harvey, 296 U.S.
        83 (1940)                         404 (1935)
*   53. Helvering v. Hallock, 309 U.S.    Helvering v. St. Louis Trust
        106 (1940)                        Co., 296 U.S. 39 (1935);
                                          Becker v. St. Louis Trust Co.,
                                          296 U.S. 48 (1935)
D   54. Tigner v. Texas, 310 U.S. 141     Connolly v. Union Sewer Pipe
        (1940)                            Co., 184 U.S. 540 (1902)
*   55. United States v. Darby, 312       Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S.
        U.S. 100 (1941)                   251 (1918);
                                          Carter v. Carter Coal Co., 298
                                          U.S. 238 (1936) (limited)
*   56. United States v. Chicago, M.      United States v. Lynah, 188
        St. P. & P.R.R., 312 U.S. 592     U.S. 445 (1903) (in part);
        (1941)
                                        A United States v. Heyward, 250
                                          U.S. 633 (1919)
*   57. Nye v. United States, 313 U.S.    Toledo Newspaper Co. v. United
        33 (1941)                         States, 247 U.S. 402 (1918)
*   58. California v. Thompson, 313       Di Santo v. Pennsylvania, 273
        U.S. 109 (1941)                   U.S. 34 (1927)
D   59. United States v. Classic, 313     Newberry v. United States, 256
        U.S. 299 (1941)                   U.S. 232 (1921)
*   60. Olsen v. Nebraska, 313 U.S.       Ribnik v. McBride, 277 U.S.
        236 (1941)                        350 (1928)
*   61. Alabama v. King & Boozer, 314     Panhandle Oil Co. v. Knox, 277
        U.S. 1 (1941)                     U.S. 218 (1928);
                                          Graves v. Texas Company, 298
                                          U.S. 393 (1936)
D   62. Toucey v. N.Y. Life Ins. Co.,     Supreme Tribe of Ben-Hur v.
        314 U.S. 118 (1941)               Cauble, 255 U.S. 356 (1921)
A   63. Edwards v. California, 314        City of New York v. Miln, 36
        U.S. 160 (1941)                   U.S. (11 Pet.) 102 (1837)

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*   64. State Tax Comm'n v. Aldrich,      First Nat'l Bank v. Maine, 284
        316 U.S. 174 (1942)               U.S. 312 (1932)
*   65. Williams v. North Carolina,       Haddock v. Haddock, 201 U.S.
        317 U.S. 287 (1942)               562 (1906)
*   66. Brady v. Roosevelt S.S. Co.,      Johnson v. Fleet Corp., 280
        317 U.S. 575 (1943)               U.S. 320 (1930)
*   67. Jones v. Opelika, 319 U.S. 103    Jones v. Opelika, 316 U.S. 584
        (1943) (re-argument);             (1942)
A       Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319
        U.S. 105 (1943)
D   68. Oklahoma Tax Comm'n v. United     Childers v. Beaver, 270 U.S.
        States, 319 U.S. 598 (1943)       555 (1926)
*   69. West Virginia Bd. of Educ. v.     Minersville Dist. v. Gobitis,
        Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)     310 U.S. 586 (1940)
D   70. FPC v. Hope Gas Co., 320 U.S.     United Railways v. West, 280
        591 (1944)                        U.S. 234 (1930) (in part)
D   71. Mercoid Corp. v. Mid-Continent    Leeds & Catlin Co. v. Victor
        Co., 320 U.S. 661 (1944)          Talk. Mach. (No. 2), 213 U.S.
                                          325 (1909) (limited)
D   72. Mahnich v. Southern S.S. Co.,     Plamals v. Pinar Del Rio, 277
        321 U.S. 96 (1944)                U.S. 151 (1928) (in part)
*   73. Smith v. Allwright, 321 U.S.      Grovey v. Townsend, 295 U.S.
        649 (1944)                        45 (1935)
D   74. United States v. South-Eastern    Paul v. Virginia, 75 U.S. (8
        Underwriters' Ass'n, 322 U.S.     Wall.) 168 (1869)
        533 (1944)
*   75. Girouard v. United States, 328    United States v. Schwimmer,
        U.S. 61 (1946)                    279 U.S. 644 (1929);
                                          United States v. MacIntosh,
                                          283 U.S. 605 (1931);
                                          United States v. Bland, 283
                                          U.S. 636 (1931)
A   76. Halliburton Co. v. Walker, 329    Halliburton Co. v. Walker, 326
        U.S. 1 (1946) (rehearing)         U.S. 696 (1946)
A   77. MacGregor v. Westinghouse Co.,    MacGregor v. Westinghouse Co.,
        329 U.S. 402 (1947)               327 U.S. 758 (1946)
        (rehearing)
*   78. Angel v. Bullington, 330 U.S.     David Lupton's Sons v. Auto.
        183 (1947)                        Club of Am., 225 U.S. 489
                                          (1912) (rendered obsolete by
                                          prior change in law)
A   79. Zap v. United States, 330 U.S.    Zap v. United States, 328 U.S.
        800 (1947) (rehearing)            624 (1946)
A   80. Thibaut v. Car and General        Thibaut v. Car and General
        Ins. Corp., 332 U.S. 828          Ins. Corp., 332 U.S. 751
        (1947) (on rehearing)             (1947)
D   81. Sherrer v. Sherrer, 334 U.S.      Andrews v. Andrews, 188 U.S.
        343 (1948)                        14 (1903) (in part)
    82. Lincoln Fed. Labor Union v.       Adair v. United States, 208
        Northwestern, 335 U.S. 525        U.S. 161 (1908)
        (1949);
        See also:
A       Phelps Dodge Corp. v. NLRB,       Coppage v. Kansas, 236 U.S. 1
        313 U.S. 177 (1941)               (1915)

[[Page 2250]]

A*  83. Commissioner v. Estate of         May v. Heiner, 281 U.S. 238
        Church, 335 U.S. 632, 637         (1930)
        (1949)
A   84. Ott v. Mississippi Barge Line,    St. Louis v. Ferry Company, 78
        336 U.S. 169 (1949)               U.S. (11 Wall.) 423 (1870);
                                          Old Dominion S.S. Co. v.
                                          Virginia, 198 U.S. 299 (1905);
                                          Ayer & Lord Co. v. Kentucky,
                                          202 U.S. 409 (1906)
*   85. Oklahoma Tax Comm'n v. Texas      Choctaw & Gulf R.R. v.
        Co., 336 U.S. 342 (1949)          Harrison, 235 U.S. 292 (1914);
                                          Indian Oil Co. v. Oklahoma,
                                          240 U.S. 522 (1916);
                                          Howard v. Gipsy Oil Co., 247
                                          U.S. 503 (1918);
                                          Large Oil Co. v. Howard, 248
                                          U.S. 549 (1919);
                                          Oklahoma v. Barnsdall Corp.,
                                          296 U.S. 521 (1936)
*   86. Cosmopolitan Co. v.               Hust v. Moore-McCormack Lines,
        McAllister, 337 U.S. 783          328 U.S. 707 (1946)
        (1949)
*   87. United States v. Rabinowitz,      Trupiano v. United States, 334
        339 U.S. 56, 66, 85 (1950)        U.S. 699 (1948);
                                          McDonald v. United States, 335
                                          U.S. 451 (1948)
A*  88. Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v.           Mutual Film Corp. v. Ohio
        Wilson, 343 U.S. 495, 502         Indus. Comm'n, 236 U.S. 230
        (1952)                            (1915)
*   89. Brown v. Board of Education,      Cumming v. Board of Education,
        347 U.S. 483, 491, 494-495        175 U.S. 528 (1899);
        (1954)
                                          Gong Lum v. Rice, 275 U.S. 78
                                          (1927)
A   90. In re Isserman, 348 U.S. 1        In re Isserman, 345 U.S. 286
        (1954) (on rehearing)             (1953)
A   91. Gayle v. Browder, 352 U.S. 903    Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S.
        (1956)                            537 (1896)
*   92. Reid v. Covert, 354 U.S. 1        Kinsella v. Krueger, 351 U.S.
        (1957)                            470 (1956);
                                          Reid v. Covert, 351 U.S. 487
                                          (1956)
*   93. Vanderbilt v. Vanderbilt, 354     Thompson v. Thompson, 226 U.S.
        U.S. 416, 419 (1957);             551 (1913)
        See also:
*       Armstrong v. Armstrong, 350
        U.S. 568, 581 (1956)
*   94. Ladner v. United States, 358      Ladner v. United States, 355
        U.S. 169 (1958) (on rehearing)    U.S. 282 (1958)
*   95. United States v. Raines, 362      United States v. Reese, 92
        U.S. 17, 27 (1960)                U.S. 214, 220-221 (1876)
*   96. Elkins v. United States, 364      Weeks v. United States, 232
        U.S. 206, 210, 212-213, 283       U.S. 383, 398 (1914) (in
        (1960);                           part);
        Rios v. United States, 364        Center v. United States, 267
        U.S. 253 (1960)                   U.S. 575 (1925);
                                          Byars v. United States, 273
                                          U.S. 28, 33 (1927) (in part);
                                          Feldman v. United States, 322
                                          U.S. 487, 492 (1944) (in part)

[[Page 2251]]

*   97. James v. United States, 366       Commissioner v. Wilcox, 327
        U.S. 213, 215, 221, 223, 241      U.S. 404 (1946)
        (1961)
*   98. Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U.S. 643,       Wolf v. Colorado, 338 U.S. 25
        653-655 (1961);                   (1949) (in part)
        See also:
        Ker v. California, 374 U.S.       Irvine v. California, 347 U.S.
        23, 45, 53, 59 (1963)             128 (1954) (in part)
*   99. Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186,      Colegrove v. Green, 328 U.S.
        277, 280 (1962)                   549 (1946) (in part);
*   100.Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S.     Colegrove v. Barrett, 330 U.S.
        1 (1964)                          804 (1947)
*   101.Smith v. Evening News Ass'n,      Westinghouse Employees v.
        371 U.S. 195, 199 (1962);         Westinghouse Corp., 348 U.S.
        See also:                         437 (1955) (in part)
        Truck Drivers Union v. Riss &
        Co., 372 U.S. 517, 520 (1963)
*   102.Construction Laborers v.          Building Union v. Ledbetter
        Curry, 371 U.S. 542, 552, 554     Co., 344 U.S. 178 (1952) (in
        (1963)                            part)
*   103.Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S.    Betts v. Brady, 316 U.S. 455
        335 (1963)                        (1942)
*   104.Gray v. Sanders, 372 U.S. 368,    Cook v. Fortson, Turman v.
        383 (1963)                        Duckworth, 329 U.S. 675
                                          (1946);
                                          South v. Peters, 339 U.S. 276
                                          (1950);
                                          Cox v. Peters, 342 U.S. 936
                                          (1952);
                                          Hartsfield v. Sloan, 357 U.S.
                                          916 (1958)
*   105.Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391, 435    Darr v. Burford, 339 U.S. 200
        (1963)                            (1950) (in part)
*   106.Ferguson v. Skrupa, 372 U.S.      Adams v. Tanner, 244 U.S. 590
        726, 731 (1963)                   (1917)
    107.Schneider v. Rusk, 377 U.S.       Mackenzie v. Hare, 239 U.S.
        163 (1964)                        299 (1915)
*   108.Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U.S. 1, 6    Twining v. New Jersey, 211
        (1964)                            U.S. 78 (1908)
                                          Adamson v. California, 332
                                          U.S. 46 (1947)
*   109.Murphy v. Waterfront Comm'n,      Jack v. Kansas, 199 U.S. 372
        378 U.S. 52, 57, 77 (1964)        (1905);
                                          United States v. Murdock, 284
                                          U.S. 141 (1931);
                                          Feldman v. United States, 322
                                          U.S. 487 (1944);
                                          Knapp v. Schweitzer, 357 U.S.
                                          371 (1958);
                                          Mills v. Louisiana, 360 U.S.
                                          230 (1959)
*   110.Jackson v. Denno, 378 U.S.        Stein v. New York, 346 U.S.
        368, 391 (1964)                   156 (1953)
    111.Escobedo v. Illinois, 378 U.S.    Crooker v. California, 357
        478, 491-492 (1964)               U.S. 433 (1958);
                                          Cicenia v. LaGay, 357 U.S. 504
                                          (1958)
*   112.Pointer v. Texas, 380 U.S.        West v. Louisiana, 194 U.S.
        400, 406 (1965)                   258 (1904)
    113.Gold v. DiCarlo, 380 U.S. 520     Tyson & Bro. v. Banton, 273
        (1965)                            U.S. 418 (1927)

[[Page 2252]]

*   114.Swift & Co. v. Wickham, 382       Kesler v. Department of Pub.
        U.S. 111 (1965)                   Safety, 369 U.S. 153 (1962)
                                          (in part)
*   115.Harris v. United States, 382      Brown v. United States, 359
        U.S. 162 (1965)                   U.S. 41 (1959)
*   116.Harper v. Virginia Bd. of         Breedlove v. Suttles, 302 U.S.
        Elections, 383 U.S. 663 (1966)    277 (1937)
                                          Butler v. Thompson, 341 U.S.
                                          937 (1951)
*   117.Spevack v. Klein, 385 U.S. 511    Cohen v. Hurley, 366 U.S. 177
        (1967)                            (1961)
    118.Keyishian v. Board of Regents,    Adler v. Board of Education,
        385 U.S. 589 (1967)               342 U.S. 485 (1952)
*   119.Afroyim v. Rusk, 387 U.S. 253     Perez v. Brownell, 356 U.S. 44
        (1967)                            (1958)
*   120.Warden v. Hayden, 387 U.S. 294    Gouled v. United States, 255
        (1967)                            U.S. 298 (1921)
*   121.Camara v. Municipal Court, 387    Frank v. Maryland, 359 U.S.
        U.S. 523 (1967)                   360 (1959)
    122.Berger v. New York, 388 U.S.      Olmstead v. United States, 277
        41 (1967)                         U.S. 438 (1928) (in part)
*   123.Katz v. United States, 389        Olmstead v. United States, 277
        U.S. 347 (1967)                   U.S. 438 (1928);
                                          Goldman v. United States, 316
                                          U.S. 129 (1942)
*   124.Peyton v. Rowe, 391 U.S. 54       McNally v. Hill, 293 U.S. 131
        (1968)                            (1934)
*   125.Bruton v. United States, 391      Delli Paoli v. United States,
        U.S. 123 (1968)                   352 U.S. 232 (1957)
    126.Duncan v. Louisiana, 391 U.S.     Maxwell v. Dow, 176 U.S. 581
        145 (1968)                        (1900)
*   127.Carafas v. LaVallee, 391 U.S.     Parker v. Ellis, 362 U.S. 574
        234 (1968)                        (1960)
*   128.Lee v. Florida, 392 U.S. 378      Schwartz v. Texas, 344 U.S.
        (1968)                            199 (1952)
*   129.Jones v. Alfred H. Mayer Co.,     Hodges v. United States, 203
        392 U.S. 409, 441-443 (1968)      U.S. 1 (1906)
*   130.Moore v. Ogilvie, 394 U.S. 814    MacDougall v. Green, 335 U.S.
        (1969)                            281 (1948)
*   131.Brandenburg v. Ohio, 395 U.S.     Whitney v. California, 274
        444 (1969)                        U.S. 357 (1927)
*   132.Chimel v. California, 395 U.S.    Harris v. United States, 331
        752 (1969)                        U.S. 145 (1947)
                                          United States v. Rabinowitz,
                                          339 U.S. 56 (1950)
*   133.Benton v. Maryland, 395 U.S.      Palko v. Connecticut, 302 U.S.
        784 (1969)                        319 (1937)
    134.Ashe v. Swenson, 397 U.S. 436     Hoag v. New Jersey, 356 U.S.
        (1970)                            464 (1958)
*   135.Boys Markets v. Retail Clerks     Sinclair Refining Co. v.
        Union, 398 U.S. 235 (1970)        Atkinson, 370 U.S. 195 (1962)
*   136.Price v. Georgia, 398 U.S.        Brantley v. Georgia, 217 U.S.
        323, 329-330 (1970)               284 (1910)
*   137.Moragne v. States Marine          The Harrisburg, 119 U.S. 199
        Lines, 398 U.S. 375 (1970)        (1886)
*   138.Williams v. Florida, 399 U.S.     Thompson v. Utah, 170 U.S. 343
        78 (1970)                         (1898) (in part);

[[Page 2253]]

                                          Rassmussen v. United States,
                                          197 U.S. 516 (1905) (in part)
*   139.Blonder-Tongue Labs v.            Triplett v. Lowell, 297 U.S.
        University of Ill. Found., 402    638 (1936)
        U.S. 313 (1971)
*   140.Perez v. Campbell, 402 U.S.       Kesler v. Department of Pub.
        637 (1971)                        Safety, 369 U.S. 153 (1962);
                                          Reitz v. Mealey, 314 U.S. 33
                                          (1941)
*   141.Griffin v. Breckenridge, 403      Collins v. Hardyman, 341 U.S.
        U.S. 88 (1971)                    651 (1951) (in part)
*   142.Dunn v. Blumstein, 405 U.S.       Pope v. Williams, 193 U.S. 621
        330 (1972)                        (1904)
*   143.Andrews v. Louisville &           Moore v. Illinois Cent. R.R.,
        Nashville R.R., 406 U.S. 320      312 U.S. 630 (1941)
        (1972)
*   144.Lehnhausen v. Lake Shore Auto     Quaker City Cab Co. v.
        Parts Co., 410 U.S. 356 (1973)    Pennsylvania, 277 U.S. 389
                                          (1928)
*   145.Braden v. 30th Judicial           Ahrens v. Clark, 335 U.S. 188
        Circuit Court, 410 U.S. 484       (1948)
        (1973)
*   146.Miller v. California, 413 U.S.    A Book Named ``John Cleland's
        15 (1973)                         Memoirs of a Woman of
                                          Pleasure'' v. Attorney
                                          General, 83 U.S. 413 (1966)
*   147.North Dakota Pharmacy Bd. v.      Liggett Co. v. Baldridge, 278
        Snyder's Drug Stores, 414 U.S.    U.S. 105 (1928)
        156 (1973)
*   148.Edelman v. Jordan, 415 U.S.       Shapiro v. Thompson, 394 U.S.
        651 (1974)                        618 (1969) (in part);
                                          State Dep't of Health &
                                          Rehabilitation Services v.
                                          Zarate, 407 U.S. 918 (1972);
                                          Sterrett v. Mothers' &
                                          Children's Rights
                                          Organization, 409 U.S. 809
                                          (1973);
                                          Wyman v. Bowens, 397 U.S. 49
                                          (1970)
*   149.Mitchell v. W. T. Grant Co.,      Fuentes v. Shevin, 407 U.S. 67
        416 U.S. 600 (1974)               (1972) (in part)
*   150.Taylor v. Louisiana, 419 U.S.     Hoyt v. Florida, 368 U.S. 57
        522 (1975)                        (1971) (in effect)
*   151.United States v. Reliable         The Schooner Catherine v.
        Transfer Co., 421 U.S. 397        Dickinson, 58 U.S. (17 How.)
        (1975)                            170 (1854)
*   152.Michelin Tire Corp. v. Wages,     Low v. Austin, 80 U.S. (13
        423 U.S. 276 (1976)               Wall.) 29 (1872)
*   153.Dove v. United States, 423        Durham v. United States, 401
        U.S. 325 (1976)                   U.S. 481 (1971)
*   154.Hudgens v. NLRB, 424 U.S. 507     Amalgamated Food Employees
        (1976)                            Union v. Logan Valley Plaza,
                                          391 U.S. 308 (1968)
*   155.Virginia Bd. of Pharmacy v.       Valentine v. Chrestensen, 316
        Virginia Citizens Consumer        U.S. 52 (1942)
        Council, 425 U.S. 748 (1976)
*   156.National League of Cities v.      Maryland v. Wirtz, 392 U.S.
        Usery, 426 U.S. 833 (1976)        183 (1968)
*   157.Machinists & Aerospace Workers    UAW v. WERB, 336 U.S. 245
        v. WERC, 427 U.S. 132 (1976)      (1949)
*   158.City of New Orleans v. Dukes,     Morey v. Doud, 354 U.S. 457
        427 U.S. 297 (1976)               (1957)
*   159.Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U.S.        McGautha v. California, 402
        153, 195 n.47 (1976)              U.S. 183 (1971)

[[Page 2254]]

*   160.Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190,     Goesaert v. Cleary, 335 U.S.
        210 n.23 (1976)                   464 (1948)
*   161.Oregon ex rel. State Land Bd.     Bonelli Cattle Co. v. Arizona,
        v. Corvallis Sand & Gravel        414 U.S. 313 (1973)
        Co., 429 U.S. 363 (1977)
*   162.Complete Auto Transit v.          Spector Motor Service v.
        Brady, 430 U.S. 274 (1977)        O'Connor, 340 U.S. 602 (1951)
*   163.Continental T. V. v. GTE          United States v. Arnold,
        Sylvania, 433 U.S. 36 (1977)      Schwinn & Co., 388 U.S. 365
                                          (1967)
*   164.Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U.S.      Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U.S. 714
        186 (1977)                        (1878)
*   165.Department of Revenue v.          Puget Sound Stevedoring Co. v.
        Washington Stevedoring Cos.,      State Tax Comm'n, 302 U.S. 90
        435 U.S. 734 (1978)               (1937);
                                          Joseph v. Carter & Weekes
                                          Stevedoring Co., 330 U.S. 422
                                          (1947)
*   166.Monell v. New York City Dep't     Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167
        of Social Services, 436 U.S.      (1961) (in part);
        658 (1978)                        City of Kenosha v. Bruno, 412
                                          U.S. 507 (1973) (in part);
                                          Moor v. County of Alameda, 411
                                          U.S. 693 (1973) (in part);
                                          Aldinger v. Howard, 427 U.S. 1
                                          (1976)
*   167.Burks v. United States, 437       Bryan v. United States, 338
        U.S. 1 (1978)                     U.S. 552 (1950) (in part);
                                          Sapir v. United States, 348
                                          U.S. 373 (1955) (in part);
                                          Yates v. United States, 354
                                          U.S. 298 (1957) (in part);
                                          Forman v. United States, 361
                                          U.S. 416 (1960) (in part)
*   168.United States v. Scott, 437       United States v. Jenkins, 420
        U.S. 82 (1978)                    U.S. 358 (1975)
    169.Duren v. Missouri, 439 U.S.       Hoyt v. Florida, 368 U.S. 57
        357 (1978)                        (1961)
    170.Hughes v. Oklahoma, 441 U.S.      Geer v. Connecticut, 161 U.S.
        322 (1979)                        519 (1896)
    171.Trammel v. United States, 445     Hawkins v. United States, 358
        U.S. 40 (1980)                    U.S. 74 (1958)
*   172.United States v. Salvucci, 448    Jones v. United States, 362
        U.S. 83 (1980)                    U.S. 257 (1964)
    173.Commonwealth Edison Co. v.        Heisler v. Thomas Colliery
        Montana, 453 U.S. 609 (1981)      Co., 260 U.S. 245 (1922)
*   174.United States v. Ross, 456        Robbins v. California, 453
        U.S. 798 (1982)                   U.S. 420 (1981)
*   175.Sporhase v. Nebraska ex rel.      Hudson County Water Co. v.
        Douglas, 458 U.S. 941 (1982)      McCarter, 209 U.S. 349 (1908)
*   176.Illinois v. Gates, 462 U.S.       Aguilar v. Texas, 378 U.S. 108
        213 (1983).                       (1964);
                                          Spinelli v. United States, 393
                                          U.S. 410 (1969).
    177.Pennhurst State School & Hosp.    Rolston v. Missouri Fund
        v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89         Comm'rs, 120 U.S. 390 (1887)
        (1984).                           (in part);
                                          Siler v. Louisville &
                                          Nashville R.R. 213 U.S. 175
                                          (1909) (in part);

[[Page 2255]]

                                          Atchison, T. & S.F. Ry. v.
                                          O'Connor, 223 U.S. 280 (1912)
                                          (in part);
                                          Greene v. Louisville &
                                          Interurban R.R., 244 U.S. 499
                                          (1917) (in part);
                                          Johnson v. Lankford, 245 U.S.
                                          541 (1918) (in part);
                                          Numerous other cases fall more
                                          or less under the Pennhurst
                                          doctrine. See 465 U.S., 109-
                                          111 nn.17-21, 117-121
                                          (maj.op.), and id., 130-37,
                                          159-163, 165-166 nn.50 & 52
                                          (dissent) (listing 28 cases).
*   178.United States v. One              Coffey v. United States, 116
        Assortment of 89 Firearms, 465    U.S. 436 (1886).
        U.S. 354 (1984).
*   179.Limbach v. Hooven & Allison       Hooven & Allison Co. v. Evatt,
        Co., 466 U.S. 353 (1984).         324 U.S. 652 (1945).
    180.Copperweld Corp. v.               United States v. Yellow Cab
        Independence Tube Corp., 467      Co., 332 U.S. 218 (1947);
        U.S. 752 (1984).
                                          Kiefer-Stewart Co. v. Jos. E.
                                          Seagram & Sons, 340 U.S. 211
                                          (1951).
*   181.Garcia v. San Antonio Metro.      National League of Cities v.
        Transit Auth., 469 U.S. 528       Usery, 426 U.S. 833 (1976).
        (1985).
*   182.United States v. Miller, 471      Ex parte Bain, 121 U.S. 1
        U.S. 130 (1985).                  (1887) (in part).
*   183.Daniels v. Williams, 474 U.S.     Parratt v. Taylor, 451 U.S.
        327 (1986).                       527 (1981) (in part).
    184.United States v. Lane, 474 U.     McElroy v. United States, 164
        S. 438 (1986).                    U.S. 76 (1896).
*   185.Batson v. Kentucky, 476 U.S.      Swain v. Alabama, 380 U.S. 202
        79 (1986).                        (1965) (in part).
*   186.Puerto Rico v. Branstad, 483      Kentucky v. Dennison, 65 U.S.
        U.S. 219 (1987).                  (24 How.) 66 (1861).
*   187.Solorio v. United States, 483     O'Callahan v. Parker, 395 U.S.
        U.S. 435 (1987).                  258 (1969).
*   188.Welch v. Texas Dep't of           Parden v. Terminal Ry., 377
        Highways and Transp., 483 U.S.    U.S. 184 (1964) (in part).
        468 (1987).
*   189.Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. v.     Enelow v. New York Life Ins.
        Mayacamas Corp., 485 U.S. 271     Co., 293 U.S. 379 (1935);
        (1988).                           Ettelson v. Metropolitan Life
                                          Ins. Co., 317 U.S. 188 (1942).
*   190.South Carolina v. Baker, 485      Pollock v. Farmers' Loan &
        U.S. 505 (1988).                  Trust Co., 157 U.S. 429
                                          (1895).
*   191.Thornburgh v. Abbott, 490 U.S.    Procunier v. Martinez, 416
        401 (1989).                       U.S. 396 (1974) (in part).
*   192.Rodriguez de Quijas v.            Wilko v. Swann, 346 U.S. 427
        Shearson/American Express, 490    (1953).
        U.S. 477 (1989).
*   193.Alabama v. Smith, 490 U.S. 794    Simpson v. Rice, 395 U.S. 711
        (1989).                           (1969).
*   194.Healy v. Beer Institute, 491      Joseph E. Seagram & Sons v.
        U.S. 324 (1989).                  Hostetter, 384 U.S. 35 (1966).

[[Page 2256]]

    195.W.S. Kirkpatrick & Co. v.         American Banana Co. v. United
        Environmental Tectronics          Fruit Co., 213 U.S. 347
        Corp., 493 U.S. 400 (1990).       (1909).
*   196.Collins v. Youngblood, 497        Kring v. Missouri, 107 U.S.
        U.S. 37 (1990).                   221 (1883);
                                          Thompson v. Utah, 170 U.S. 343
                                          (1898).
    197.Arizona v. Fulminante, 499        Chapman v. California, 386
        U.S. 279 (1991)                   U.S. 18 (1967) (in part).
*   198.California v. Acevedo, 500        Arkansas v. Sanders, 442 U.S.
        U.S. 565 (1991)                   743 (1979).
*   199.Exxon Corp. v. Central Gulf       Minturn v. Maynard, 58 U.S.
        Lines, Inc. 500 U.S. 603          (17 How.) 476 (1855).
        (1991).
    200.Coleman v. Thompson, 501 U.S.     Fay v. Noia, 372 U.S. 391
        722 (1991).                       (1963).
*   201.Payne v. Tennessee, 501 U.S.      Booth v. Maryland, 482 U.S.
        808 (1991).                       496 (1987);
                                          South Carolina v. Gathers, 490
                                          U.S. 805 (1989).
*   202.Keeney v. Tamayo-Reyes, 112 S.    Townsend v. Sain, 372 U.S. 293
        Ct. 1715 (1992).                  (1963) (in part).
*   203.Quill Corp. v. North Dakota,      National Bellas Hess, Inc. v.
        112 S. Ct. 1904 (1992).           Department of Revenue, 386
                                          U.S. 753 (1967) (in part).
*   204.Planned Parenthood of S.E.        City of Akron v. Akron Center
        Pennsylvania v. Casey, 112 S.     for Reproductive Health, 462
        Ct. 2791 (1992).                  U.S. 416 (1983) (in part);
                                          Thornburgh v. American College
                                          of Obstetricians and
                                          Gynecologists, 476 U.S. 747
                                          (1986) (in part).



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