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Final Report: Testing the Metals Hypothesis in Spokane
EPA Grant Number: R824834C010Subproject: this is subproject number 010 , established and managed by the Center Director under grant R824834
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
Center: Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC)
Center Director: Beskid, Craig
Title: Testing the Metals Hypothesis in Spokane
Investigators: Claiborn, Candis , Larsen, Timothy , Sheppard, Lianne
Institution: Washington State University , University of Washington
EPA Project Officer: Katz, Stacey
Project Period: May 1, 1999 through December 31, 2000
RFA: Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC) (1997)
Research Category: Congressionally Mandated Center , Targeted Research , Urban Air Toxics
Description:
Objective:The objectives of the project were to: (1) determine associations between cardiovascular, respiratory outcomes, and particulate toxic and transition metals in Spokane; and (2) apportion particulate metals to relative sources.
The goal of this study was to evaluate the associations between ambient levels of particulate matter (PM) toxic metals (Sb, As, Cr, Co, Mn, Hg, Se, Cd, and Ni), transition metals (Ti, V, and Fe), and several health endpoints that include, emergency department (ED) visits for asthma, hospital admissions for asthma and other respiratory outcomes, and total respiratory mortality. This is to be accomplished using time-series and source apportionment methods on a Spokane, WA, daily data set that spans 7 years. The investigators will analyze archived daily fine and course particulate samples collected in Spokane over 4 years (1995-1998), via an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) grant and add to this another 3 years of samples that will be collected during the period of NUATRC support. Thus, a total of 7 years of data will be available for analysis. PM metals content on both archived and samples collected during this period of support will be determined via a combination of energy-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and instrument neutron activation (INAA). These INAA analyses will be conducted via support from the EPA. Susceptible populations that will be targeted for study will include both elderly and non-elderly age groups and individuals with pre-existing chronic conditions such as asthma. Health outcomes to be examined will include:
· Hospital admissions for respiratory or cardiovascular causes only, for both
causes, and for specific respiratory cause (e.g. asthma). Both elderly and non-elderly
subgroups will be monitored.
· Emergency room visits for asthma.
· Respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in elderly and non-elderly.
The study was funded in response to NUATRC RFA 98-02, "Contribution of Metals in Ambient Particles to Particulate Associated Health Effects." The study is in compliance with the Institutional Review Board of Washington State University, and appropriate quality assurance and quality control and procedures have been provided and followed.
During the first year, investigators made good efforts to determine whether metal constituents and PM are intercorrelated. Initial analysis indicates that the influences metals have relative to adverse health effects can be separated from PM. Preliminary work using PMF (Positive Matrix Factorization) and PSCF (Partial Source Contribution Factor) methods identified source contributions of several elemental species. For example:
· Wood burning in winter is a major PM2.5 source.
· Mobile sources are equally important.
· Secondary aerosol is pronounced in winter and associated with mobile PM2.5
as well as SO2.
· PCSF combined with PMF (source apportionment techniques) can help identify
certain point source contributions such as incinerators.
· Soil impacts on PM2.5 are relatively minor.
· PMF method works even with carbon artifacts.
· PM sources are not all intercorrelated, so it is expected that chemical constituents
will not be.
Nearly 7 years of PM samples have been collected (from January 1995-present). Approximately 3-6 years of data have been analyzed via EDXRF. In addition, INAA protocols were developed for filter media
During the first part of the second year of the study, Dr. Claiborn reported progress on elemental analysis, health outcome measurements, development of a master database, source apportionment, preliminary data analysis, and manuscript submission.
Journal Articles:No journal articles submitted with this report: View all 1 publications for this subproject
Supplemental Keywords:air pollution, urban, metals, PM2.5, particulate matter, asthma, respiratory disease, exposure. , Air, Geographic Area, Scientific Discipline, Health, RFA, Risk Assessments, Health Risk Assessment, Epidemiology, Air Pollution Effects, air toxics, Biochemistry, particulate matter, Air Pollution, Environmental Monitoring, State, airborne urban contaminants, hospital admissioms, cardiovascular disease, health effects, Washington (WA), urban air, lung inflamation, cardiotoxicity, sensitive subgroups, human health risk, air pollutants, human health effects, urban air quality, metals, Spokane, urban air pollution, human health, biomarker, human exposure, PM
Progress and Final Reports:
Original Abstract
Main Center Abstract and Reports:
R824834 Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Research Center (NUATRC)
Subprojects under this Center:
(EPA does not fund or establish subprojects; EPA awards and manages the overall grant for this center).
R824834C001 Air Toxics Exposures Among Teenagers in New York City and Los Angeles - A Columbia-Harvard Study (TEACH)
R824834C002 Cardiopulmonary Response to Particulate Exposure
R824834C003 VOC Exposure in an Industry Impacted Community
R824834C004 A Study of Personal Exposure to Air Toxics Among a Subset of the Residential U.S. Population (VOC Project)
R824834C005 Methods Development Project for a Study of Personal Exposures to Toxic Air Pollutants
R824834C006 Relationship Between Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA)
R824834C007 Development of the "Leland Legacy" Air Sampling Pump
R824834C008 Source Apportionment of Indoor Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Urban Residences
R824834C009 Development of a Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS)
R824834C010 Testing the Metals Hypothesis in Spokane
R828678C001 Air Toxics Exposures Among Teenagers in New York City and Los Angeles—A Columbia-Harvard Study (TEACH)
R828678C002 Cardiopulmonary Effects of Metal-Containing Particulate Exposure
R828678C003 VOC Exposure in an Industry Impacted Community
R828678C004 A Study of Personal Exposure to Air Toxics Among a Subset of the Residential U.S. Population (VOC Project)
R828678C005 Oxygenated Urban Air Toxics and Asthma Variability in Middle School Children: A Panel Study (ATAC–Air Toxics and Asthma in Children)
R828678C006 Relationship between Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA). Part II: Analyses of Concentrations of Particulate Matter Species
R828678C007 Development of the “Leland Legacy” Air Sampling Pump
R828678C008 Source Apportionment of Indoor PAHs in Urban Residences 98-03B
R828678C009 Development of a Personal Cascade Impactor Sampler (PCIS)
R828678C010 Testing the Metals Hypothesis in Spokane
R828678C011 A Pilot Geospatial Analysis of Exposure to Air Pollutants (with Special Attention to Air Toxics) and Hospital Admissions in Harris County, Texas
R828678C012 Impact of Exposure to Urban Air Toxics on Asthma Utilization for the Pediatric Medicaid Population in Dearborn, Michigan
R828678C013 Field Validation of the Sioutas Sampler and Leland Legacy Pump – Joint Project with EPA’s Environmental Technology Validation Program (ETV)
R828678C014 Performance Evaluation of the 3M Charcoal Vapor Monitor for Monitor Low Ambient Concentrations of VOCs
R828678C015 RIOPA Database Development
R828678C016 Contributions of Outdoor PM Sources to Indoor and Personal Exposures: Analysis of PM Species Concentrations” Focused on the PM Speciation and Apportioning of Sources
R828678C017 The Short and Long-Term Respiratory Effects of Exposure to PAHs from Traffic in a Cohort of Asthmatic Children