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PIB P07-03 - BREATHABLE AIR QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS These questions and answers are intended to
provide guidance for coal operators in submitting their emergency response
plans (ERPs) to MSHA. While the answers given may be appropriate in many
mines, mine-specific conditions in some mines may make alternative arrangements
appropriate to the circumstances in the mine. As discussed in PIB P07-03,
any particular approval or denial of an ERP should take into consideration
mine-specific conditions. In submitting ERPs, operators are advised to
discuss the mine-specific conditions that would justify the operator’s
breathable air proposal. 1.
How
can outby miners, pumpers, examiners, etc., be provided with breathable air? As with air provided to miners at the working section,
breathable air should be provided to outby miners working in established work
positions within an inflatable chamber, barricade, or other alternative that
isolates miners from contaminated environments.
Air may be provided through compressed air or oxygen canisters, chemical
oxygen generator, a bore hole, or compressed air lines. To increase the chances that outby miners
could reach breathable air supplies after an accident, District Managers
generally will be looking for breathable air locations to be located not more
than one hour travel distance from each other.
This will help assure that miners would not need to travel more than 30
minutes in either direction to reach a refuge area. Pumpers and examiners who travel to remote
areas of the mine present special circumstances that may require them to travel
more than 30 minutes to reach breathable air supplies in the ventilation mains. 2.
Can a mine operator construct a safe haven every 4 – 5 miles in
the primary and secondary escapeways with two Ocenco 6.5 SCSRs per outby miner
to get to the refuge area? This would
mean that an outby miner would never be more than 2 – 2.5 miles from a refuge
area and would have 2 SCSRs to start with, in addition to the outby caches in
the required escapeways spaced at distances approved in the plan. As a rule of thumb, refuge areas for breathable air could be
located at every other cache of SCSRs (1 hour intervals). 3.
Do we have to provide breathable
air for both crews during shift change, including “hot seat” changes? Yes. 4.
Is breathable air required for MMUs less than 2,000 ft. from
the portal? If so, at what
location/distance should breathable air be available? No. 5. Do shelters have to have
an MSHA approval prior to implementation? No. MSHA is not certifying
shelters at this time, and will accept various options, including barricading
supplies, to create airtight refuge areas.
Among other options, MSHA is accepting state- approved refuge chambers
to meet the breathable air provisions of the ERPs. 6.
Can a hardened room, as allowed in the final rule for storing
SCSRs in adjacent escapeways, meet the requirements of the breathable air
location? Yes. A hardened room,
as discussed in the Emergency Mine Evacuation final rule, is a room built to
seals standards located in a crosscut between adjacent escapeways. 7.
When
the PIB references “each miner,” does MSHA interpret this as all miners
underground? Is it MSHA’s expectation
that each section’s breathable air supply to be sufficient to cover all miners
working in the mine at any one time? The breathable air at any one location must be sufficient to
maintain the miners who can reasonably be expected to use it. There must be enough breathable air for all
miners working underground, including outby miners working near a section. 8.
PPL
P06-V-10 requires that ERPs contain provisions for barricading materials
sufficient to construct an air-tight enclosure.
The breathable air PIB says that ERPs should provide for breathable air
within areas designed for barricading.
Does this mean operators need two sets of barricades? One set of barricading material should be stored within 2000
ft. of the section and stored with the breathable air. The purpose of the barricading materials is
to create an enclosed environment in which miners can breathe. 9.
Section
II.B. of the breathable air PIB lists “buried or otherwise protected air lines
. . . routed to locations . . . ” as a method of providing breathable air. What does “otherwise protected” mean? MSHA is looking for protection equivalent to burying pipes,
such as trenching deep enough to be protected from any type of mine traffic or
equipment damage. The method used also
should be able to withstand an explosion. 10.
What is the status of MSHA’s acceptance of
the Drager SCBA system? The Drager SCBA system has been accepted as a replacement for
SCSRs. 11.
At what
point does the MINER Act’s breathable air requirement discontinue? Is it
at the conclusion of coal loading or does it include areas where sections are
being set-up or torn down? There must be enough breathable air for all miners working
underground, including outby personnel, regardless of the status of production. 12.
My
company’s present ERP plan requires barricading materials to be kept closer to
the section than the 2000 feet distance for the breathable air. These requirements need to be reconciled.
As we read it the implementation of both the barricading and the breathable air
requirements are part of the ERPs and not an MSHA regulation. It seems
that if we set up a breathable air supply with a stopping system as drawn in
the policy memo we should not need inflatable shelters etc. Is this correct? Barricading materials or inflatable shelters (anything that
allows miners to isolate themselves from contaminated environments) should be
provided within 2000 ft. of sections and the breathable air would be stored in
the same location. 13.
Can
those mines in states that require a 48-hour supply of air and a rescue chamber
(i.e., WV) have two stored breathable air designs? One 48-hour supply
in a rescue chamber to meet the state chamber requirement and one additional 48
hour supply on a skid in a stopping off area to comply with MSHA? If a mine chooses to
provide a 96-hour supply of breathable air, the air generally should be stored
in one location, along with the barricading materials or rescue chamber
(anything that provides an air-tight enclosure for miners). 14.
Will
the agency consider a 30-day extension for submitting breathable air portions
of the ERPs? No. The MINER Act required operators to submit
ERPs within 60 days of the date of enactment on 15.
If mining in a seam where seams are located
above and below that have been mined out, are boreholes a reasonable and
prudent method of providing breathable air? What would be needed to ensure the integrity
of a borehole going through abandoned workings and allowing possible
contaminated or even explosive atmospheres to enter into the mine in attempting
to provide this air? The agency recognizes there are circumstances that
may preclude this option from being used.
In cases where an operator does choose this option as the means to
provide breathable air the agency would expect the operator to prevent
contaminated or explosive atmospheres from entering the mine (e.g., by casing
or grouting the hole). 16.
What does The agency understands some
challenges may arise in considering the use of a borehole at any given
mine. Operators proposing to provide 48
hours of breathable air with prior arrangements to drill a borehole should be
able to demonstrate that the hole can be drilled (providing miners with fresh
air) within 48 hours. This may
necessitate pre-construction of a road and/or reaching an agreement with the surface
owner. These matters will be considered
by the District Manager when the ERP is reviewed. 17.
Do inflatable stoppings have to be provided
at various locations throughout the mine or just for sections? Any
material that creates an airtight refuge area for miners may be used as an area
within which miners are provided breathable air. As mentioned in PPL P06-V-10, materials for
each working section should consist of two inflatable stoppings or other quick
deployable units, or inflatable shelters or equivalent, within 6 months of
these items becoming commercially available. 18.
What are the parameters of burying a
compressed air line for compliance? Is
it 4 inches or more? What entry should
the air line be installed in? How should
lines be designed to keep water buildup from becoming a problem? If using this system with a full breathing
mask, how would one eat and intake liquids during the 96 hours of sustained
confinement? MSHA is allowing operators flexibility to determine
what methods will best protect the compressed air line in a particular mine. The
method selected should be capable of withstanding an explosion. As mentioned in the breathable air PIB, MSHA
is looking for operators to submit breathable air options that involve
providing breathable air within areas designated for barricading (or other
alternatives that will isolate the miners from contaminated environments). Full breathing masks normally would not be
needed in these airtight areas. 19.
Why
does the quality of air referenced in the PIB have to match the quality of air
in the active working place? Why can't
it be sufficient to provide and sustain life?
Life can be easily sustained at 16.5% and therefore the formula used to
calculate the number of cylinders is incorrect.
Is this a reasonable approach? Current
regulations require that 19.5 percent oxygen be maintained in the
environment. Studies have shown that
some individuals may experience adverse physiological effects at 18 percent
oxygen levels. 20.
Page 2 of the PIB attachment shows a skid with
the bottles lying on their sides. The
regulations require the compressed gas bottles be secured in an upright
position when stored. Will the oxygen
bottles be required to be stored upright or can they be laid on their sides to
meet this requirement? 30
C.F.R. § 75.1106-3 requires gas cylinders to be stored securely and, “where the
height of the coalbed permits, in an upright position, preferably in specially
designated racks, or otherwise secured against being accidentally tipped
over.” For purposes of storing
compressed gas cylinders to meet the breathable air requirement, MSHA will be
looking to see that operators are storing these cylinders securely in a rack or
by other means so that they will not roll or tip. MSHA will consider options that involve side
storage so long as the cylinders are secure and protected from damage. If stored on transportable skids the agency
would envision cylinder storage in a rack to protect them from movement during
transport. 21.
Oxygen rates: It is our understanding that carbon dioxide is
generated at the rate of 1.08 cubic feet per hour per person and oxygen is
consumed at a rate of 1.32 cubic feet per hour per person. (See page 1 of the PIB’s “Methods for
Providing Breathable Air” attachment.) Which
rate would we use to calculate if using oxygen bottles? 1.32 is the correct rate
for calculating the amount of oxygen needed, and 1.08 is the rate used in
calculating the carbon dioxide scrubbing capacity needed. 22. On page 8
of that same attachment, it appears that we would need 750 cubic feet per hour
per person of compressed air. This would
mean we would need over 3,000 bottles stored. Are we looking at this correctly and would
this be practical? The
example on page 8 assumes that there is no separate method of carbon dioxide
scrubbing capability (such as lithium hydroxide curtains) and that the
compressed air is being pumped in at sufficient rates to create an air current
that removes carbon dioxide through a vent.
As mentioned on page 2 of this attachment, a K size compressed air
cylinder contains approximately 282 cubic feet of air that contains 19.5%
oxygen, or about 55 cubic feet of oxygen per cylinder. As mentioned on page 1, a person consumes
1.32 cubic feet of oxygen per hour per person.
If carbon dioxide scrubbers are used in conjunction with compressed air
cylinders, one cylinder may provide about 40 hours of breathable air for one
person. In any event, it is true that more
compressed air cylinders would be needed than oxygen cylinders to provide the
same amount of oxygen. Compressed air
cylinders may be better used to initially purge an air-tight area of
contaminants, followed by oxygen cylinders to provide the oxygen miners need to
breathe. 23. If oxygen
is used will MSHA be requiring that CO2 scrubbers be used and if so,
what criteria will be required for CO2 scrubbing systems? Will the
ERP require CO2 calculations as part of this breathable air
requirement? Oxygen
cylinder systems providing breathable air must have CO2 scrubbing
capability. Individuals produce CO2
at a rate of 1.08 cubic feet per hour. 24. The PIB attachment talks about a safe haven. This could be a small area where CO2
could build up fast or it could be a section that was barricaded off with
entries several hundred feet in depth. Would the requirements be the same for both
situations and is MSHA stating that the company must build a safe haven and
keep the affected area small? Breathable
air must be provided inside a refuge area that is airtight so that the
environment inside may be controlled and isolated from outside
contamination. Whatever area is
designated, the system utilized must be capable of providing enough oxygen and purging
CO2 out of the affected area. 25.
If oxygen is used will we be required to
provide medical grade oxygen in lieu of oxygen used for cutting and welding? No. The quality of oxygen to be used as specified
in PIB 07-03 attachment “Methods of Providing Breathable Air” states non-USP
with greater than 99% O2. Welding
oxygen cylinders which are greater than 99% oxygen will suffice. 26.
If crews change out at a point more than
2,000’ outby the working section, and do not enter the section split of air at
the same time, is the requirement then for one crew or two, or does it include
outby miners also? If
only one crew is at the working section (or within 2000 feet of it) at any
given time, breathable air should be provided for that crew at a location
within 2000 feet of the working section.
In addition, since breathable air also should be provided for outby
miners, air sufficient for all the outby miners that may be in one location
during shift changes should be provided in those outby locations as described
previously. The mine operator needs to provide
enough breathable air for all miners who may be trapped after an accident. 27.
Will the oxygen components from the
Chem-Bio shelter be acceptable for use with barricading material without the
chamber itself since the chamber is not approved? For
purposes of the MINER Act’s breathable air requirement, MSHA is accepting all
refuge chambers that the states have accepted.
Oxygen can be provided in a number of ways. District Managers will be looking to see
whether an operator’s proposed method will work to provide breathable air inside
an air-tight refuge area. 28.
Will operators be required to use
inflatable stoppings that are commercially available, or can they use other
approved stoppings for barricading? Any
material that creates an airtight refuge area for miners may be used as an area
within which miners are provided breathable air. As mentioned in PPL P06-V-10, materials for
each working section should consist of two inflatable stoppings or other quick
deployable units, or shelters, within six months of these items becoming commercially
available. 29.
The PIB illustrations of examples show what
appears to be block stoppings for the refuge areas. Will any approved stopping suffice? Concrete blocks, Omega, Kennedy Steel, etc.? Any
stopping that provides an airtight seal may be used in meeting the MINER Act’s
breathable air requirement. However,
“hardened rooms,” which are located in crosscuts between adjacent escapeways
and used to store SCSRs (as explained in the Emergency Mine Evacuation final
rule) must be built to MSHA’s seals standards so that an explosion will not
damage the SCSRs. 30.
If the third option under the PIB’s Quantity
of Breathable Air is used (the 96-hour option), does anything have to be
pre-constructed or just available within 2,000’ of the working section? The
refuge area within which the air will be provided does not have to be
pre-constructed under Option 3. However,
materials should be readily available so that, in the event of an accident,
miners may quickly construct and access a refuge area while wearing their SCSRs. 31.
Several manufacturers have oxygen
generating systems, oxygen manifolds and similar systems with CO2
curtains, soda lime systems etc. with or without shelters. Will any of these be approved by the deadline
or is an approval necessary if the system is used without the shelters? The
Agency will not grant a time extension for plan submissions. Any oxygen delivery method not affected by
permissibility requirements would be acceptable. 32.
Is MSHA coordinating with State agencies
concerning approval of rescue chambers and the amount of breathable air needed? MSHA has been looking at state requirements
and has had discussions with state representatives. However, MSHA is statutorily required to
enforce the MINER Act. In any situation
in which state and federal requirements may diverge, MSHA will enforce the
federal requirement. 33.
Is MSHA going to recognize inflatable
chambers? Yes. 34.
Will MSHA approve of using 96-hour chambers
when they are commercially available? MSHA will accept a number of options, including state-approved 96-hour
rescue chambers, to meet the breathable air provision. 35.
If the state approves a chamber, will MSHA
also approve it? MSHA
currently will accept any state-approved chamber as the designated area within
which breathable air is provided. The
quantity of breathable air MSHA would approve will depend upon mine conditions
and an operator’s advance arrangements for emergencies. 36.
If a plan is submitted stating that we will
provide a 96-hour refuge chamber when commercially available, will it be
approved? District
Managers will be looking for a proposal that currently protects miners. Assuming such a chamber were to be available
in a short time frame, MSHA believes that such a proposal would be consistent
with the MINER Act requirements. 37.
Could a hilltop mine provide an entry to
the surface every 2000 feet to meet the breathable air requirement? Depending upon the ventilation scheme of the
mine and the proximity of the openings to the active areas of the mine, this scenario
may be an effective way to provide breathable air. 38.
If a plan is submitted to supply breathable
air through boreholes, do we have 60 days to drill bore holes after approval? Yes. Operators have 60 days
to implement the plan, which would include boreholes, fan installation, etc. 39.
For the post-accident breathable air, could we
use SCSRs? No. SCSRs are not intended
or suitable for long-term use and therefore cannot be utilized to meet the
breathable air requirement. 40.
Where are barricades supposed to be
constructed -- in the primary or secondary escapeway? Refuge
areas within which breathable air is required could be located in any number of
areas such as in crosscuts off the primary or secondary escapeways. Factors to consider in locating these areas may
involve ease of travel to the area, time to travel to the area, and physical
factors that may make erecting a stopping or other barrier more or less
feasible. 41.
Can an operator pre-construct a
stopping-type barricade with access for miners to enter, or do we have to wait
to construct these refuge areas until after an accident? Refuge
areas may be constructed in advance, so long as they are located appropriately
(generally within 2000 feet of the working section and at 1-hour intervals in
escapeways). 42.
Are multi-gas detectors that detect carbon
dioxide required? Could you have more
than one detector to monitor the different gases? Although
carbon dioxide detectors are not required currently, MSHA encourages their
use. The Emergency Mine Evacuation final
rule published on 43.
If an operator has ordered 96-hour inflatable
chambers and they will not be available to use 60 days after the plan is
approved, do you still have to supply oxygen or compressed air, etc., until
they are delivered? MSHA will consider phase-in with a valid purchase order. 44.
We were first told that outby miners will not
be required to wear or carry two SCSRs. Now, a new interpretation says that outby
miners must have two SCSRs available. Can
this be clarified? Under
existing regulations, one SCSR must be worn or carried by every miner
underground. If wearing or carrying an
SCSR would be hazardous, the SCSR must be located within 25 feet. If a 10-minute SCSR is worn, a one-hour SCSR
must be located in accordance with an approved plan. Under the new Emergency Mine Evacuation final
rule (see 30 C.F.R. § 75.1714-4), a second one-hour SCSR for each miner must be
provided at fixed underground work locations.
Outby and/or traveling miners with no fixed work location must have a
second one-hour SCSR on their vehicles, or if they are on foot, within a
30-minute distance. In addition to these
SCSRs, more SCSRs must be stored in each required escapeway at 30-minute
intervals. 45.
Will shelters or barricading material within
which breathable air will be provided be needed in outby areas throughout the
mine? We thought that the required SCSR
caches would provide post-accident breathable air for outby miners. SCSRs
are to assist miners in escaping from the mine.
They are not designed for barricading situations in which miners may
need air for sustained periods of time.
For this reason, District Managers are looking for operators to submit
plans that include provision of breathable air within secure areas within a
reasonable distance from any location miners are present. In determining distances, District Managers
will consider mine-specific conditions. 46.
What will be the requirements concerning
positive pressure on boreholes for breathable air? A
fan or equivalent method should be used to force fresh air into the hole with enough
positive pressure to overcome total mine pressure in order to deliver
sufficient quantities of breathable air. 47.
Would you describe compressed air best
practices? Compressed
air intakes should be installed and maintained to ensure that only clean, uncontaminated
air enters the compressors. Mines should
ensure compressors have the capacity to deliver the required volume of air at
the point(s) of expected usage. 48.
Would there be a requirement that
ventilation to/in a “hardened room” be continuous, or could the room be
ventilated after an event occurs? In
a hardened room situation, a borehole will have been constructed already. An arrangement in which fresh air would be
quickly established in less than one hour would be acceptable. 49.
Can a mine operator utilize portable blowing fan units for
ventilation of boreholes into a safe haven? a. Then the
units could be stored in a centralized
location out of the weather. b. The
units could also be examined/inspected by the same people on a frequent basis
(to be determined and in the mine plan). c. The
units would be much better maintained and ready for emergency. Pre-constructed
boreholes into refuge areas must be used in such a way that fresh air is
established very quickly, as miners need fresh air before their SCSRs deplete. While it may be possible for the proposal
described above to work, it must be established that all borehole fans inby a
fire or explosion will be in operation in less than one hour. The District Manager will consider the unique
mine conditions and the proposals that provide equivalent protection. 50.
What type of seals must be used to
construct a hardened room? a. You are not sealing off an
abandoned area. No monitoring. b. Would a 75.335(a)(1) seal
suffice? The
“hardened rooms” mentioned in the December 8, 2006 final Mine Emergency
Evacuation rule at 30 C.F.R. § 75.1714-4(d)(1) can be used as for breathable
air, but were first proposed as SCSR storage locations in crosscuts between
adjacent escapeways. As required in the
Emergency Mine Evacuation rule, these rooms must be built using MSHA seals
requirements (currently 50 psi), in order to prevent damage to the stored SCSR
units. 51.
If pressurized air lines are used to comply
with the MINER Act’s breathable air requirement, what steps will MSHA take to
assure that these lines are installed and maintained safely?
a. Can
a mine operator put a borehole down with an air compressor (compressed air) at
the top of the borehole (or centrally located) and run air lines from the
borehole to pipe the compressed air into various sections of the mine? Yes,
provided that all portions of the compressed air lines leading from the
borehole are adequately protected against explosions and other damage hazards. b. Can the compressed air line be run
along the mine floor or what is required to protect the line? Compressed
air lines should be buried or otherwise protected such that they would
withstand an explosion and not be damaged by mine equipment or other mine
activity. 52.
Can a mine operator locate the compressed
air outside unit in a central location out of the weather and bring it to the
borehole in the event of a mine emergency?
This
may be possible. More details are needed
to determine the time this approach is likely to take and whether other sources
of breathable air may be needed to cover any gaps. (Also see answer to question
49.) 53.
Is the reference in the PIB to “within 2,000
feet of the working section” set in stone? a. Property and local issues? b.
Company would like to do a safe haven with borehole at mouth of 5000’ – 7000’
panels and breathable air within 2000’
of section tail piece but may not be able to use the property right at the
mouth of the section. Can there be some flexibility in the distances? How much? How far? MSHA
believes that breathable air located farther than 2,000 feet from the working
section may be unavailable to miners trapped at the face. For this reason, MSHA would not approve proposals
of more than 2,000 feet from the working section. 54.
If
we use oxygen-generating devices that stay within the shelter, do they have to
be permissible? Yes. Devices with electrical components must be
permissible or intrinsically safe. 55.
What
happens if we elect to use a manufacturer’s product then MSHA evaluates the
product finding that it does not meet the requirements? Any product the operator uses to meet the
ERP expectations would have to be approved in the ERP. MSHA will accept refuge chambers that have
been approved to meet certain state requirements of the breathable air
provision. 56.
Is it a good idea to store a large amount of
oxygen underground? Any
oxygen that is stored underground should be done taking the appropriate
precautions for safe use and storage.
The breathable air PIB attaches a Hazard Awareness sheet to assist
operators in understanding and managing the risks of oxygen storage and
handling. 57.
Sufficient breathable air is required to be
maintained underground for all individuals that are underground at any one
time, including during shift change when miners are changing out at the face.
An emergency situation could occur at anytime, as with Sago, while miners are
enroute to the section. Where is it suggested that the required hours of
oxygen per miner be maintained for the miners enroute to or from their work
area? Some miners travel several miles from the portal to the section. Working
crews should have their breathable air stored within 2,000 feet of the working
section. Breathable air for working
section miners does not need to be stored enroute to their work locations. 58.
Where can we find out what commercial refuge
alternatives devices are available that would be approvable? This information will be placed on MSHA’s web site by the
Technical Support group as it becomes available. 59.
One operator has a unique escapeway plan that
utilizes dual intake airways for the section primary and alternate paths from
active sections. Both escapeways are accessible
by driving for most if not all the distance.
The active longwall panel and when connected, the set-up location for
the next longwall panel are provided intake airways from two opposite
directions. This condition should be
considered in review of the breathable air requirement. If one of the escapeways is not travelable
because of an incident, the other would be intact. Therefore, those individuals on the sections
would not be trapped as described in PIB 07‑03. How should this be considered in reviewing
the plan? MSHA
believes that the intent of the MINER Act is that all operator ERPs contain some
provision for breathable air for trapped miners. However, as the PIB explains, unique mine
conditions and the emergency preparedness of the operator may affect a miner’s
risk of entrapment as well as the risk that such an entrapment will be lengthy.
District Managers should consider unique
mine conditions and proposals that provide equivalent protection. 60.
An operator proposes to meet the MINER
Act’s breathable air requirements not by importing breathable air per se, but through a plan to install a
series of ventilation stoppings that could be opened to divert air and could be
closed behind miners forced back toward the face to “close off” contaminated
areas. Could a plan such as this be
approved? This
approach is a creative one, but it depends, for the most part, on how fast retreating
miners can move and assumes the ventilation controls would be intact after an
explosion. MSHA would not approve this
approach. 61.
Will the Kennedy rescue chambers or other
chambers be approved by MSHA and if so, when? For
purposes of meeting the MINER Act’s breathable air requirements, MSHA will
accept refuge alternatives states have approved, although the quantity of air
needed within those refuge areas may differ.
62.
Why must a plan for breathable air be
submitted by There are presently methods available to comply with the breathable
air requirements. 63.
Option 1 of PIB No. P07-03 requires a hardened
room (a room enclosed with approved 50 psi seals) with fresh air from the
surface. Options 2, 3, and 4 would allow
devices made of wood, nylon, and plastic sheets or plastic inflatable devices
to enclose a refuge area. These seem to
be contradictory. Please explain. As
explained in the Emergency Mine Evacuation final rule, hardened rooms are rooms
located in crosscuts between adjacent escapeways used to store SCSRs. These rooms must be built to MSHA seals
standards in order to prevent damage to the stored SCSR units. These rooms
would be pre-constructed, and can be used as breathable air refuge areas. 64.
Will one regulator be sufficient for all
oxygen tanks inside the barricade? This would be dependent upon the number of tanks used, the type of
cascading system, etc. 65.
When two MMUs are less than 2000 feet
apart, can one barricade capable of supplying air for all miners in both
working sections be acceptable? Yes. 66.
How many hand held multi-gas detectors should
be inside a barricade? Refuge areas should have at least one multi-gas detector. 67.
Can these instruments be turned on and off
to save battery power? Yes. 68.
If a mine has 5 employees working outby the
section and provides breathable air/materials at an outby location for these
persons, do they have to be included in the number when calculating air for the
working section? If breathable air is provided for the outby personnel, they would
not be included in the working section calculations. 69.
Oxygen flow rates must be calculated by the
number of persons inside the barricade.
Will there be a chart to determine how and what is needed? The
breathable air PIB’s “Methods for Providing Breathable Air” appendix discusses
how to calculate the amount of oxygen needed.
According to this appendix, each miner needs 1.32 cubic feet of oxygen
per hour. 70.
Will State and Federal employees occasionally
present in a mine be included in the number to determine the necessary
breathable air?
No. 71.
If no pre-determined location for the
barricade is established and only breathable air material/supplies (stored on
sled) are maintained, should the plan address a closer distance than 2000 ft
from the section? Generally
the barricade location should be planned in advance and the sled should be
stored at that location so all miners will know where to go and what to do if
barricading becomes necessary. Mine
operators can keep the breathable air closer than 2000 feet. 72.
Will the locations be subject for approval
or can they be shown on the wall map? The locations should be identified in the ERP and also shown on
the 75.1200 map. 73.
Does the 2000’ distance apply strictly outby,
or can miners go in an inby direction, as long as breathable air is located within
2000 feet? If escape is impossible, miners should proceed to the nearest
refuge area. On longwall panels, refuge
areas may be inby the longwall face. 74.
Please clarify what MSHA means by the phrase “or equivalent CO2 scrubbing agent” used in the PIB Attachment.
MSHA is aware of the following methods to scrub CO2: lithium hydroxide curtains, soda lime curtains, and soda lime used in cartridge form in systems that utilize an air mover to create air flow through the soda lime chemical bed. All these methods, when designed, properly installed and sized to remove CO2 at the rate of 1.08 cubic feet per hour per person, are considered acceptable for removal of CO2 from the breathable atmosphere.
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