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The U.S. Telecommunications
Services Industry:
Assessing Competitive Advantage
Since 1984, the US telecommunications services industry has experienced
profound changes caused by deregulation and rapid technological change. Competition
now exists in almost all segments of the domestic industry. Local services,
the only sector of the industry that remains monopolistic, currently face
the prospect of increased competition as changes in technology and law enable
various providers to compete in local markets.
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- Patterns of Advanced
Technology Adoption
and Manufacturing Performance: An Overview
This report on technology adoption patterns
and performance characteristics in a sample of
several thousand U.S. manufacturing plants sheds
new light on the ways in which technology is associated
with growth. The report summarizes a more detailed
study to be released later that finds patterns
of technology adoption to be enormously diverse.
Nonetheless, dispersion of advanced technologies
appears to follow a recognizable progression: the
most frequently adopted complex technology combinations
are often comprised of more common simpler combinations.
The study also suggests that specific technologies
and technology combinations have varying degrees
of association with plant-level job creation, productivity,
and earnings. Moreover, the association between
technology and plant performance is related to
the characteristics of the plant itself. Plants
with integrated fabrication and assembly operations
appear to use technologies more effectively than
plants engaged in only fabrication or assembly.
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- Re-examining the Cost
Effectiveness
of the Research and Experimentation Tax Credit
This paper evaluates several well-known empirical
studies of the cost-effectiveness of the research and
experimentation (R&E) tax credit. Studies of the
credit's effect during 1981-85 generally find weak
evidence of cost-effectiveness. However, more recent
studies focusing on a longer period conclude that the
tax credit has induced an increase in R&E spending
by an amount that is significantly greater than the
foregone tax revenue. The independent analyses in the
latter studies appear empirically well founded and
their results are robust. Their individual conclusions
that the R&E tax credit was cost-effective during
the 1980s converge toward the same value-roughly $2.00
of induced R&E spending per dollar of revenue loss.
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- Engines of Growth:
Manufacturing Industries in the U.S. Economy
This study assesses
the widely-held belief that manufacturing
industries are uniquely important
to the process of national economic
growth. The study's related purpose
is to describe structural changes
in the US manufacturing sector
and the organization of US manufacturing
firms that are helping to determine
the pace of economic growth and
the creation of economic opportunity.
Taken together, these changes
comprise the new face of American
manufacturing. gies more effectively than plants
engaged in only fabrication or assembly.
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